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Sangtam language - Revision history
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->AleksiB 1945: /* Phonology */
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<p><span class="autocomment">Phonology</span></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
| name = Sangtam<br />
| altname = Thukumi<br />
| nativename = ''Lophomi''<br />
| states = [[Nagaland]], [[India]]<br />
| region = East-central [[Nagaland]], Tuensang and Khiphire districts<br />
| ethnicity = [[Sangtam Naga|Sangtam]]<br />
| speakers = 76,000<br />
| date = 2011 census<br />
| ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language_MTs.html|title=Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=2018-07-07}}</ref><br />
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan<br />
| fam2 = [[Central Naga languages|Central Naga]]<br />
| iso3 = nsa<br />
| glotto = sang1321<br />
| glottorefname = Sangtam Naga<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sangtam''', also called '''Thukumi''', '''Isachanure''', or '''Lophomi''', is a [[Naga language]] spoken in northeast [[India]]. It is spoken in Kiphire District and in the Longkhim-Chare circle in [[Tuensang district]], [[Nagaland]], India.<br />
<br />
==Dialects==<br />
''[[Ethnologue]]'' lists the following dialects of Sangtam.<br />
<br />
*Kizare<br />
*Pirr (Northern Sangtam)<br />
*Phelongre<br />
*Thukumi (Central Sangtam)<br />
*Photsimi<br />
*Purr (Southern Sangtam)<br />
<br />
The standardized dialect of Sangtam is based on the Tsadanger village speech variety.<br />
<br />
==Phonology==<br />
Sangtam is unusual in having two [[trilled affricate|stops with bilabial trilled release]], {{IPA|/t̪͡ʙ, t̪͡ʙ̥ʰ/}}.<ref>Coupe (2015) [https://www.academia.edu/12300720/Prestopped_bilabial_trills_in_Sangtam "Prestopped bilabial trills in Sangtam"], ''Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Glasgow, 10&ndash;14 August 2015''</ref><br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable IPA"<br />
|+ Consonant phonemes of Sangtam<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |<br />
! [[labial consonant|Labial]]<br />
![[Labiodental consonant|Labiodental]]<br />
![[Dental consonant|Dental]]<br />
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]<br />
! [[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]<br />
![[Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]]<br />
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]<br />
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]<br />
! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=2| [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]<br />
| {{IPA link|m}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| {{IPA link|n}}<br />
| <br />
|<br />
| {{IPA link|ɲ}}<br />
| {{IPA link|ŋ}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan=2| [[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]<br />
!<small>plain</small><br />
| {{IPA link|p}}<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|t̪}}<br />
| <br />
| {{IPA link|ʈ}}<br />
|<br />
| {{IPA link|c}}<br />
| {{IPA link|k}}<br />
| {{IPA link|ʔ}}<br />
|-<br />
! <small>[[Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]</small><br />
| {{IPA link|pʰ}}<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|t̪ʰ}}<br />
| <br />
| {{IPA link|ʈʰ}}<br />
|<br />
| {{IPA link|cʰ}}<br />
| {{IPA link|kʰ}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan=2| [[Affricate]]<br />
!<small>plain</small><br />
| t͡ʙ̥<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|t͡s}}<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}<br />
| <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! <small>[[Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]</small><br />
| t͡ʙ̥ʰ<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|t͡sʰ}}<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|t͡ʃʰ}}<br />
| <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan=2| [[Fricative]]<br />
! <small>voiceless</small><br />
| <br />
|({{IPA link|f}})<br />
|<br />
| {{IPA link|s}}<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|ʃ}}<br />
| <br />
| {{IPA link|x}}<br />
| {{IPA link|h}}<br />
|-<br />
! <small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small><br />
| <br />
|({{IPA link|v}})<br />
|<br />
| ({{IPA link|z}})<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=2| [[Approximant]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| {{IPA link|l}}<br />
| {{IPA link|ɹ}}<br />
|<br />
| {{IPA link|j}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
All phonemes with /t/ are dental<br />
<br />
/ʈ/ is realised like /ʈʵ/<br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable IPA"<br />
|+ Vowels<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |<br />
| [[Front vowel|Front]]<br />
| [[Back vowel|Back]]<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=2| [[Close vowel|Close]]<br />
| {{IPA link|i}}<br />
| {{IPA link|u}}<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=2| [[Close-mid]]<br />
| {{IPA link|e}}<br />
| {{IPA link|o}}<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=2| [[Open vowel|Open]]/<br>[[Open-mid]]<br />
| {{IPA link|a}}<br />
| {{IPA link|ʌ}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
All vowels can have high, mid, or low [[Tone (linguistics)|tone]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}<br />
{{Kuki-Chin–Naga languages}}<br />
{{Languages of Northeast India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ao languages]]<br />
[[Category:Languages of Nagaland]]<br />
[[Category:Endangered languages of India]]</div>
->AleksiB 1945