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{{Short description|Princely state of India during the British Raj, 1713–1949}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name =
|conventional_long_name = Sandur State
|common_name = Sandur State then now Karnataka state
|nation = [[British India]]
|status_text = [[Princely State]]
|era =
|year_start = 1713
|date_start =
|event_start =
|year_end = 1949
|date_end =
|event_end = [[Partition of India|Indian independence]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 = Maratha Empire
|s1 = India
|flag_p1 = Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag = Sandur flag.svg
|image_coat =
|image_map = Madras map 1913.jpg
|image_map_caption =1913 map of the Madras Presidency
|stat_area1 = 433
|stat_year1 = 1901
|stat_pop1 = 11,200<ref name="Shadhi1996">{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia Indica: Princely States in colonial India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I_cvAQAAIAAJ|author=S. S. Shashi|page=59|publisher=Anmol Publications|year=1996|isbn = 9788170418597|quote=In 1801, Bellary district was transferred to British India, and the rajas of Sandur came under the political authority of the Madras Presidency. The area of the state was 433 sq.km. (161 sq.mi.) ; its population in 1901 was 11,200.}}</ref>
|today = [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
|footnotes =
}}
'''Sandur State''' was a [[princely state]] of India during the [[British Raj]], part of the [[Madras States Agency]].<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Sandur |volume=24 |page=142}}</ref> Its capital was the town of [[Sanduru]].<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V22_048.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 22, p. 42.]</ref>

== History ==
From 1731 until the accession to India, the Sandur state was ruled by [[Marathi Brahmin]] royals.<ref>{{cite book|title=Madras State Administration Report|year = 1902|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dZQ-AQAAMAAJ&q=Mahratta+brahmin|page=113|quote=Raja Srimant Venkatrao Rao Sahib, Hindu Rao Ghorpade Mamlukat- General and madar, Senapati, Raja of Sandur, is a Mahratta Brahmin by caste and a Hindu by Political. religion. He was born in 1892 and attends a public school at Bellary.}}</ref> In 1776 – 1790 its territory was annexed to the [[Mysore Kingdom]]. Between 27 October 1817 and 1 July 1818 Sandur was annexed to the [[Peshwa]]'s Dominions. In 1801, [[Bellary]] district was transferred to [[British India]], and the Rajas of Sandur came under the political authority of the [[Madras Presidency]]. On 1 July 1818 Sandur formally became a [[British protectorate]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GWvDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT176|title=Indians in the First World War: The Missing Links|author=Aravind Ganachari|publisher=SAGE Publishing India|date=31 January 2020|isbn=9789353289270}}</ref>

The area of the state was 433 km<sup>2</sup>. (161 sq. mi.); its population in 1901 was 11,200. The military sanatorium of [[Ramandurg]] is located in a range of hills on the western border of the district.<ref name="Shadhi1996"/>

The [[Raja]] of Sandur acceded to the [[Dominion of India|Union of India]] on 10 August 1947. The ruler commanded an estimated annual revenue of Rs.3,500/-. Sandur remained a separate territorial entity till 1 April 1949 when it was merged with the neighbouring Bellary district of [[Madras State]] (the previous directly ruled colonial [[Madras Province]]).

Sandur state was later incorporated into [[Bellary district]], then part of the Madras Presidency. In 1953, Bellary District was transferred to [[Mysore State]], which was later renamed [[Karnataka]].

The instrument of accession to the Dominion of India was signed by [[Yeshwantrao Ghorpade]] on 10 August 1947, thereby merging Sandur State with the [[Madras Presidency]] in 1949. After formation of states on linguistic basis, Sandur was transferred to the [[Mysore State]] in 1956. Raja Yeshwantrao continued playing an influential and active role in public life, till his death in 1996. He was succeeded by is son, [[M. Y. Ghorpade]] as the titular Raja. M. Y. Ghorpade served as a state Minister for Finance, Rural Development & Panchayats, Member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly and Member of Parliament the Indian Parliament (Lok Shabha).{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

== Royal insignia ==

=== Arms ===
A fess, argent, thereon a "ghorpad" (monitor lizard) fesswise, proper; in the base, pink, a cannon, proper; in the chief, pink, a "Shiv Linga" vert, between two tower or. Helmet: with visor, all or. Crest: A "Chhatra" (parasol) on a wreath, all or. Supporters: Elephants with raised trunks, dexter, the rear left foot, and sinister, the front feet on the compartment, all proper. Motto: "Hindurao" in Marathi, azure on a pink riband. Compartment: Vines and creepers proper. Lambrequins: Argent and azure.

=== Royal standard ===
Rectangular 4x7, swallow-tailed, saffron in colour, with a white strip at the hoist. Near the hoist, in the centre - a golden sun in splendour of saffron rays having a "Ghoo" in centre with natural colouring, under a saffron "Chhatra" of having bistre spots.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

== Royal Titulature ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Role
! Royal Title
|-
| The Ruling Prince
| Shrimant Maharaj Shri (personal name) (alias) (father's name) Ghorpade, Hindurao, Mamlukatmadar Senapati, Raja of Sandur
|-
| The Consort of the Ruling Prince
| Shrimant Akhand Soubhagyavati Rani (personal name) Ghorpade, Rani Sahib of Sandur
|-
| The Heir Apparent
| Yuvraj Shrimant Shri (personal name) (alias) (father's name) Ghorpade, Yuvraj Sahib of Sandur
|-
| The sons of the ruling prince
| Rajkumar Shrimant (personal name) (alias) (father's name) Raje Sahib Ghorpade
|-
| The unmarried daughters of the ruling prince
| Rajkumari Shrimant (personal name) Raje Sahib Ghorpade
|-
| The married daughters of the ruling prince
| Shrimant Akhand Soubhagyavati (personal name) Raje (husband's family name)
|}
{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

== Rulers ==
[[File:KITLV 101291 - Unknown - Prince of Sandur with retinue in India - Around 1880.tiff|thumb|270px|Prince of Sandur with attendants. c. 1880]]
The male line has failed several times, necessitating adoptions from junior branches of the family. The right to adopt an heir and successor was confirmed by a British [[sanad (deed)|sanad]] of adoption in 1862.

* 1713 – 1731 Sidhoji Rao I (b. c.1683 – d. 1731)
* 1731 – 15 March 1776 [[Murari Rao]] (b. c.1699 – d. 1779)
* 1790 – 1796 Sidhoji Rao II (b. 1783 – d. 1796)
* 1796 – 27 Oct 1817 Shiva Rao II (1st time) (d. 1840; cfr. below)
* 27 Oct 1817 – 1 July 1818 annexed to the Maratha Peshwa's Dominions
* 1 July 1818 – 2 May 1840 Shiva Rao II (2nd time) (s.a.)
* 2 May 1840 – 1861 [[Venkata Rao II]]
* 1861 – 1878 [[Shivashanmukha Rao]]
* 3 May 1878 – 3 Dec 1892 [[Ramachandra Vitthala Rao]]
* 3 Dec 1892 – 24 Jul 1927 [[Venkata Rao III]]
* 5 May 1928 – 15 Aug 1947 [[Yeshwantrao Ghorpade]]

== Diwans ==

* [[J. G. Firth]] (1885-1897)
* [[T. Kodandarama Nayudu]] (1897-1914)
* [[A. Subbaraya Mudaliar]]
* [[T. Ramachandra Iyer]]

== See also ==
* [[Maratha]]
* [[Maratha Empire]]
* [[List of Maratha dynasties and states]]
* [[List of Indian princely states]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links and sources ==
*{{commons category-inline|Sandur (princely state)}}
* [http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/s/sandur.html Indian Princely States, as archived on www.uq.net.au - Genealogy of Sandur princely state]

{{Princely states of the Madras States Agency}}
{{coord|15.1|N|76.55|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Princely states of Madras States Agency]]
[[Category:Rajput princely states]]
[[Category:History of Karnataka]]
[[Category:1713 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:Bellary district]]

Sandur State - Revision history

->Vif12vf: Restored revision 1056015107 by Citation bot (talk)