Sandip Chakrabarti - Revision history

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	\| caption = Sandip Chakrabarti		\| caption = Sandip Chakrabarti
	\| birth_date = {{Birth date and age\|df=yes\|1958\|11\|15}}		\| birth_date = {{Birth date and age\|df=yes\|1958\|11\|15}}
	\| birth_place = [[Malda~~(WB)~~]], [[India]]		\| birth_place = [[Malda, West Bengal\|Malda]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
	\| death_date =		\| death_date =
	\| death_place =		\| death_place =
	\| residence = Kolkata, India		\| residence = [[Kolkata]], India
	\| citizenship = Indian		\| citizenship = Indian
	\| nationality = Indian		\| nationality = Indian
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	\| fields = [[Astrophysics]]		\| fields = [[Astrophysics]]
	\| workplaces = Director and Distinguished Professor at Indian Centre for Space Physics, Kolkata		\| workplaces = Director and Distinguished Professor at Indian Centre for Space Physics, Kolkata
	\| alma_mater = University of Chicago (Ph.D), IIT Kanpur (M.Sc), Ramakrishna Mission Residential College, Narendrapur (B.Sc)		\| alma_mater = [[University of Chicago]] (Ph.D)<br />[[IIT Kanpur]] (M.Sc)<br />[[Ramakrishna Mission Residential College, Narendrapur]] (B.Sc)
	\| doctoral_advisor = W. David Arnett, University of Chicago		\| doctoral_advisor = [[W. David Arnett]], University of Chicago
	\| academic_advisors =		\| academic_advisors =
	\| doctoral_students =		\| doctoral_students =
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	}}		}}

	'''Sandip Chakrabarti''' is an ~~[[India]]n~~ [[astrophysicist]]. He developed a computer model to show how life on earth could have originated in outer space.<ref name="Britt">{{cite web\|url=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/planetearth/dna_spacegerm_000124.html\|title=How Comets Might Seed Planets\|last=Britt\|first=Robert Roy\|date=24 January 2000\|publisher=[[Space.com]]\|access-date=31 August 2010}}</ref>		'''Sandip Chakrabarti''' is an Indian [[astrophysicist]]. He developed a computer model to show how life on earth could have originated in outer space.<ref name="Britt">{{cite web\|url=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/planetearth/dna_spacegerm_000124.html\|title=How Comets Might Seed Planets\|last=Britt\|first=Robert Roy\|date=24 January 2000\|publisher=[[Space.com]]\|access-date=31 August 2010}}</ref>

	==Education==		==Education==
	He started his education in [[Lalit Mohan Shyam Mohini High School]] Malda. After finishing his Bachelor of Science from Ramakrishna Mission Residential College, Narendrapur<ref name="RKM">{{cite web\|url=http://www.rkmcnarendrapur.org/index1.php\|title=RKM,Narendrapur}}</ref> in Physics Honours in 1979 (and becoming topper of Calcutta University<ref name="CU">{{cite web\|url=http://www.caluniv.ac.in\|title=Calcutta University\|last=Calcutta University\|first= Kolkata}}</ref>) he went to IIT, Kanpur to complete his M. Sc. Degree in Physics in 1981. He joined the Physics Dept. of the University of Chicago in 1981 to complete PhD work. Soon he completed a paper with Robert Geroch and X.B. Liang on a Theorem on "Time like Curves of limited acceleration in General Relativity",<ref name="Geroch">{{cite journal		He started his education in [[Lalit Mohan Shyam Mohini High School]] in [[Malda, West Bengal\|Malda]]. After finishing his Bachelor of Science from Ramakrishna Mission Residential College, Narendrapur<ref name="RKM">{{cite web\|url=http://www.rkmcnarendrapur.org/index1.php\|title=RKM,Narendrapur}}</ref> in Physics Honours in 1979 (and becoming topper of Calcutta University<ref name="CU">{{cite web\|url=http://www.caluniv.ac.in\|title=Calcutta University\|last=Calcutta University\|first= Kolkata}}</ref>) he went to IIT, Kanpur to complete his M.Sc. Degree in Physics in 1981. He joined the Physics Dept. of the University of Chicago in 1981 to complete PhD work. Soon he completed a paper with Robert Geroch and X.B. Liang on a Theorem on "Time like Curves of limited acceleration in General Relativity",<ref name="Geroch">{{cite journal
	\|bibcode=1983JMP....24..597C		\|bibcode=1983JMP....24..597C
	\|doi=10.1063/1.525733		\|doi=10.1063/1.525733
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	\|issue=3		\|issue=3
	\|volume=24		\|volume=24
	}}</ref> and under S. Chandrasekhar's supervision solved the Dirac equation for massive particles with spin in Kerr geometry. <ref name="Chandra">{{cite journal		}}</ref> and under S. Chandrasekhar's supervision solved the Dirac equation for massive particles with spin in Kerr geometry.<ref name="Chandra">{{cite journal
	\|bibcode=1984RSPSA.391...27C		\|bibcode=1984RSPSA.391...27C
	\|doi=10.1098/rspa.1984.0002		\|doi=10.1098/rspa.1984.0002
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	==Career==		==Career==
	After a brief period at ICTP, Trieste, where Chakrabarti completed a few definitive work on the formation of shocks in transonic/advective flows around black holes, he joined Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, and S.N. Bose National Centre. Presently he is the Director of Indian Centre for Space Physics,<ref name="SKC, ICSP">{{cite web\|url=http://csp.res.in/ICSP-WEB/skc.html\|title=Webpage of Sandip K Chakrabarti at ICSP website}}</ref> Kolkata, which he founded in 1999. He was at NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre (1994-1995) as a Senior Associate selected by National Research Council.		After a brief period at ICTP, Trieste, where Chakrabarti completed a few definitive work on the formation of shocks in transonic/advective flows around black holes, he joined Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, and S.N. Bose National Centre. Presently he is the Director of [[Indian Centre for Space Physics]],<ref name="SKC, ICSP">{{cite web\|url=http://csp.res.in/ICSP-WEB/skc.html\|title=Webpage of Sandip K Chakrabarti at ICSP website}}</ref> Kolkata, which he founded in 1999. He was at NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre (1994-1995) as a Senior Associate selected by National Research Council.

	==Research==		==Research==

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{{short description|Indian astrophysicist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Sandip Chakrabarti
| image = Sandip Kumar Chakrabarti - Kolkata 2011-09-24 5687.JPG
| caption = Sandip Chakrabarti
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1958|11|15}}
| birth_place = [[Malda(WB)]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| residence = Kolkata, India
| citizenship = Indian
| nationality = Indian
| ethnicity =
| fields = [[Astrophysics]]
| workplaces = Director and Distinguished Professor at Indian Centre for Space Physics, Kolkata
| alma_mater = University of Chicago (Ph.D), IIT Kanpur (M.Sc), Ramakrishna Mission Residential College, Narendrapur (B.Sc)
| doctoral_advisor = W. David Arnett, University of Chicago
| academic_advisors =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Research in Black Hole Astrophysics, low cost balloon borne science, Astrochemistry leading to biomolecules, ionospheric science and earthquake predictions.
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards = Received '''DSc''' from University of Gour Banga, <br/>Received '''Banga Ratna''' from Government of West Bengal.
| religion =
| signature = 
| footnotes =
}}

'''Sandip Chakrabarti''' is an [[India]]n [[astrophysicist]]. He developed a computer model to show how life on earth could have originated in outer space.<ref name="Britt">{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/planetearth/dna_spacegerm_000124.html|title=How Comets Might Seed Planets|last=Britt|first=Robert Roy|date=24 January 2000|publisher=[[Space.com]]|access-date=31 August 2010}}</ref>

==Education==
He started his education in [[Lalit Mohan Shyam Mohini High School]] Malda. After finishing his Bachelor of Science from Ramakrishna Mission Residential College, Narendrapur<ref name="RKM">{{cite web|url=http://www.rkmcnarendrapur.org/index1.php|title=RKM,Narendrapur}}</ref> in Physics Honours in 1979 (and becoming topper of Calcutta University<ref name="CU">{{cite web|url=http://www.caluniv.ac.in|title=Calcutta University|last=Calcutta University|first= Kolkata}}</ref>) he went to IIT, Kanpur to complete his M. Sc. Degree in Physics in 1981. He joined the Physics Dept. of the University of Chicago in 1981 to complete PhD work. Soon he completed a paper with Robert Geroch and X.B. Liang on a Theorem on "Time like Curves of limited acceleration in General Relativity",<ref name="Geroch">{{cite journal
|bibcode=1983JMP....24..597C
|doi=10.1063/1.525733
|title=Timelike Curves of Limited Acceleration
|last1=Chakrabarti|first1=Sandip
|last2=Geroch|first2=Robert
|last3=Liang|first3=Can-bin
|date=March 1983
|journal=Journal of Mathematical Physics |pages=597–598
|issue=3
|volume=24
}}</ref> and under S. Chandrasekhar's supervision solved the Dirac equation for massive particles with spin in Kerr geometry. <ref name="Chandra">{{cite journal
|bibcode=1984RSPSA.391...27C
|doi=10.1098/rspa.1984.0002
|title=On Mass-Dependent Spheroidal Harmonics of Spin One-Half
|last=Chakrabarti|first=Sandip
|date=January 1984
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A |pages=27–38
|issue=1800
|volume=391
|s2cid=120673756
}}</ref>
Subsequently, he concentrated on black hole astrophysics, received his Ph.D. in 1985 and went to Caltech as a R.C. Tolman Fellow.<ref name="The Telegrph News">{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110107/jsp/calcutta/story_13403727.jsp|title=The Telegraph Newspaper Report|access-date=25 December 2012}}</ref> Major work in this period includes finding Natural Angular Momentum distribution of barotropic flow around black holes,<ref name="skc">{{cite journal
|bibcode=1985ApJ...288....1C
|doi=10.1086/162755
|title=The natural angular momentum distribution in the study of thick disks around black holes
|last=Chakrabarti|first=Sandip
|date=January 1985
|journal=Astrophysical Journal |pages=674–688
|volume=313
}}</ref> nucleosynthesis around black holes.<ref name="Paper, 1985">{{cite journal
|bibcode=1985BAAS...17..856J
|author=Jin, L.
|author2=Arnett, W. D.
|author3=Chakrabarti, S. K.
|title=Detailed Numerical Calculations of Nucleosynthesis in Thick Accretion Disks Around Black Holes
|journal=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society
|volume=17
|pages=856
|date=September 1985}}</ref><ref>name="Dave">{{cite journal
|bibcode=1987ApJ...313..674C
|doi=10.1086/165006
|title=Nucleosynthesis inside Thick Accretion Disks around a Black Hole. I. Thermodynamic Conditions and Preliminary Analysis
|last1=Chakrabarti|first1=Sandip
|last2=Jin|first2=L.
|last3=Arnett|first3=Arnett, W.D.
|date=February 1987
|journal=Astrophysical Journal |volume=288
|page=674
}}</ref>

==Career==
After a brief period at ICTP, Trieste, where Chakrabarti completed a few definitive work on the formation of shocks in transonic/advective flows around black holes, he joined Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, and S.N. Bose National Centre. Presently he is the Director of Indian Centre for Space Physics,<ref name="SKC, ICSP">{{cite web|url=http://csp.res.in/ICSP-WEB/skc.html|title=Webpage of Sandip K Chakrabarti at ICSP website}}</ref> Kolkata, which he founded in 1999. He was at NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre (1994-1995) as a Senior Associate selected by National Research Council.

==Research==
The main focus of Chakrabarti's research is the hydrodynamic and radiative properties of astrophysical flows around black holes and other compact objects. He showed that the accreting matter must be transonic<ref name = "C89">{{cite journal
|bibcode=1989ApJ...347..365C
|doi=10.1086/168125
|title=Standing Rankine-Hugoniot shocks in the hybrid model flows of the black hole accretion and winds
|last=Chakrabarti|first=Sandip
|journal=Astrophysical Journal, Part 1
|date=December 1989
|pages=365–372
|issn=0004-637X
|volume =347}}</ref> and should have standing, oscillating and propagating shocks. He and his collaborators studied many aspects of these flows and showed that the black hole accretion must have non-Keplerian component which plays a major role in deciding the observational properties. He wrote the first monograph on "Theory of Transonic Astrophysical Flows"<ref name="Book 90">{{Cite book |title=Theory of Transonic Astrophysical Flows |journal = Theory of Transonic Astrophysical Flows. Edited by Chakrabarti Sandip K. Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd|last=Chakrabarti|first=Sandip|date=1990 |isbn=978-981-02-0204-0 |doi = 10.1142/1091|bibcode = 1990ttaf.book.....C}}</ref> (World Scientific Pub. Co., Singapore; 1990). He has completed over 650 research articles and written or edited several books and conference volumes.<ref name="SKC_articles">{{cite web|url=http://csp.res.in/ICSP-WEB/Docs/skc_cv.pdf|title=SKC_biodata.}}</ref> Forty students have completed Ph.D. Thesis under his supervision.<ref name="SKC_students">{{cite web|url=http://csp.res.in/ICSP-WEB/Docs/skc_cv.pdf|title=SKC_biodata.}}</ref> According to Chakrabarti, black hole astrophysics is basically the astrophysics of sub-Keplerian flows and [[CENBOL]], the centrifugal pressure dominated boundary layer around black holes. The work of Chakrabarti (Astrophysical journal, 1997<ref name="Paper, 1997">{{cite journal
|bibcode=1997ApJ...484..313C
|doi=10.1086/304325
|title=Spectral Properties of Accretion Disks around Black Holes. II. Sub-Keplerian Flows with and without Shocks
|author=Chakrabarti, Sandip K.
|journal =Astrophysical Journal
|date=July 1997
|volume=484
|issue= 1
|page=313|arxiv = astro-ph/9706001 |s2cid=18199040
}}</ref>) brings out the detailed spectral properties of two component advective flows or TCAF.

Chakrabarti was the first scientist to suggest that [[Gamma-ray burst]]s are the birth cry of [[black holes]] at his presentation in 1995, third Hunsville, Alabama Conference.<ref name="Birth Cry">{{cite conference |url=http://www.batse.msfc.nasa.gov/events/3hgrbs/abstracts/models.html |title=ARE GAMMA RAY BURSTS THE 'BIRTH CRY' OF BLACK HOLES? |id=M-P17 |last=Chakrabarti |first=Sandip |date=1995 |conference=3rd Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Bursts |location=Hunsville, Alabama |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302201548/http://www.batse.msfc.nasa.gov/events/3hgrbs/abstracts/models.html |archive-date=2 March 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In 2013, Scientists observed a conclusive evidence of this birth cry.<ref name="HT">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Kolkata/Indian-scientist-first-to-record-birth-cry-of-black-hole/Article1-986905.aspx|title=Hindustan Times Link|last=Chakrabarti|first=Sandip|date=January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112002419/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Kolkata/Indian-scientist-first-to-record-birth-cry-of-black-hole/Article1-986905.aspx|archive-date=2013-01-12}}</ref> He is also the first to suggest (1992-1996) that the accretion disks in an extreme mass ratio binaries could change the gravitational wave signals.<ref name="extreme">{{cite journal
|bibcode=1996PhRvD..53.2901C
|doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.53.2901
|title=Gravitational wave emission from a binary black hole system in the presence of an accretion disk
|author=Chakrabarti, Sandip K.
|journal =Physical Review D
|date=March 1996
|volume=53
|issue= 6
|pages=2901–2907
|pmid=10020290
|arxiv=astro-ph/9603117
|s2cid=36096244
}}</ref>
The research activities of Chakrabarti school of thoughts are recently published in "Exploring the Universe: From Near Space to Extra-Galactic<ref name="SKCbook">{{cite web|url=https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319946061|title=Exploring the Universe: From Near Space to Extra-Galactic.}}</ref>". [https://infowala.co.in/sandip-chakrabarti-biography-in-hindi/ Sandip Chakrabarti Biography in Hindi.]

== References ==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakrabarti, Sandip}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian astrophysicists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian astronomers]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Scientists from Kolkata]]