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{{short description|1951 Indian Tamil-language drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Samsaram 1951 poster.jpg
| caption = Poster of ''Samsaram''
| director = Chandru (Tamil)<br />[[S. S. Vasan]] (Hindi)
| screenplay = Ki. Ra.
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Samsaram (1950 film)|Samsaram]]'' (1950)}}
| producer = S. S. Vasan
| starring = [[M. K. Radha]]<br />[[Pushpavalli]]
| cinematography = P. Ellappa
| editing = M. Umanath Rao
| music = [[Emani Sankara Sastry]]<br />[[M. D. Parthasarathy]] (Supervisor)
| studio = [[Gemini Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|1951|10|19|df=yes}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil<br />Hindi
}}

'''''Samsaram''''' ({{IPAc-en|s|əm|s|ɑːr|ə|m}} {{translation|Wife}}) is a 1951 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by Chandru and produced by [[S. S. Vasan]]. A remake of the 1950 [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film [[Samsaram (1950 film)|of the same name]], it stars [[M. K. Radha]], [[Pushpavalli]], Kumari Vanaja, Sriram, [[M. S. Sundari Bai]], [[T. R. Ramachandran]], D. Balasubramaniam, R. Balasubramaniam, K. N. Kamalam, and Kamalaveni Ammal. The film was [[Multiple-language version|simultaneously filmed]] in [[Hindi]] as '''''Sansar''''' ({{IPAc-en|s|ən|s|ɑːr}}), which Vasan directed.<ref name="thehindu" /> ''Samsaram'' was released on 19 October 1951.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1951 – சம்சாரம் – ஜெமினி சம்சாரம் (தெ) சன்சார்(இ) |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1951-cinedetails8.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106053621/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1951-cinedetails8.asp |archive-date=6 January 2017 |access-date=6 January 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=December 2022}}
A struggling clerk lives with his wife and two children. Their blissful lives are threatened by the arrival of his scheming mother and sister. A short time later, the clerk disappears, abandoning his family, and his brother comes to their rescue. Exploiting the fragile situation, mischief makers suggest an immoral relationship between the clerk's brother and wife. Frustrated, the clerk's wife sends her two children to beg on the streets. Several years later, the elder of the two children, now working in a mill, meets a bearded beggar who, unknown to him, is actually his father. He obtains his father a job in the mill, and the family later reunites.

== Cast ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|-
! Cast (Tamil)
! Cast (Hindi)
! Role (Tamil)
! Role (Hindi)
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Pushpavalli]] || style="text-align:center;"| Manjula || style="text-align:center;"|Laxmi
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[M. K. Radha]] || style="text-align:center;"| Gopu || style="text-align:center;"|Narayan
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Vanaja || colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Kamala
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Sriram || style="text-align:center;"| Swaraj || style="text-align:center;"|Venu || style="text-align:center;"|Madan
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[M. S. Sundari Bai]]
| style="text-align:center;"| Gulab
| style="text-align:center;"| Kamakshi
| style="text-align:center;"| Ganga
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[T. R. Ramachandran]] || style="text-align:center;"| [[Agha (actor)|Agha]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Seetharam
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Kamalaveni Ammal
| style="text-align:center;"| Mohana
| style="text-align:center;"| Vengamma
| style="text-align:center;"| Jamna
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[D. Balasubramaniam]]
| style="text-align:center;"| J. S. Casshyap
| style="text-align:center;"| Kanakasabapathy
| style="text-align:center;"| Jugalji Seth
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[R. Balasubramaniam]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[David Abraham Cheulkar|David]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Doctor
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| K. N. Kamalam
| style="text-align:center;"| Meera
| style="text-align:center;"| Chellamma
| style="text-align:center;"| Saraswathi
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Sethu
| style="text-align:center;"| Kazam
| style="text-align:center;"| Balu (adult)
| style="text-align:center;"| Gopi (adult)
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Anil Kumar || style="text-align:center;"| Balu (child) || style="text-align:center;"| Gopi (child)
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Krishnaveni || style="text-align:center;"| Saroja (adult) || style="text-align:center;"| Roopa (adult)
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Rathnapapa || style="text-align:center;"| Saroja (child) || style="text-align:center;"| Roopa (child)
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Vijay || colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Mohan
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Rangaswami || style="text-align:center;"| Manjula's father || style="text-align:center;"| Laxmi's father
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Ramakrishna Rao || style="text-align:center;"| Kondal Rao || style="text-align:center;"| Popat Lal
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| G. V. Sharma || style="text-align:center;"| — || colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Ramaiah
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Venkat || colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| A. L. Kam, Kamala's cousin
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Sadasiva Rao || colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Office Manager
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| G. S. Bindumadhavan || rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Sub-Inspectors
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Mukharji
| style="text-align:center;"|Rajkumar
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Ishwarlal (actor)|Ishwarlal]] || style="text-align:center;"| — ||colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Seth
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Vijaya Rao || style="text-align:center;"| Subanna || style="text-align:center;"|Dinu
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Sakku Bai
| style="text-align:center;"| Balamani
| style="text-align:center;"| Nagamma
| style="text-align:center;"| Dayavati
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Ram Kumar
| style="text-align:center;"| B. S. Kalla
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Car Owner
|}

== Production ==
[[S. S. Vasan]], the owner of [[Gemini Studios]], screened the Telugu film ''[[Samsaram (1950 film)|Samsaram]]'' for his staff, family and friends. Impressed with the film, he bought the rights to remake it in two languages: Tamil and [[Hindi]]. The Tamil remake shared its title with the Telugu film, while the Hindi version was titled ''Sansar''. Both versions were launched simultaneously; Chandru, the chief editor of Gemini, directed the Tamil version. Because South Indians actors of the era could not speak Hindi fluently, Vasan had the voices of the South Indian cast dubbed for ''Sansar'', which he directed.<ref name="thehindu">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=6 December 2014 |title=Samsaram 1951 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/blast-from-the-past-samsaram-1951/article6668028.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103101240/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/blast-from-the-past-samsaram-1951/article6668028.ece |archive-date=3 January 2017 |access-date=2 November 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |pages=231 |orig-date=1994}}</ref>{{sfn|Ashokamitran|2016|p=41}}

== Soundtrack ==
[[Emani Sankara Sastry]] was the music director, and his work was supervised by [[M. D. Parthasarathy]]. [[Kothamangalam Subbu]] wrote the lyrics. [[A. M. Rajah]] made his singing debut with this film, and his song "Samsaram... Samsaram..." became a breakthrough in his career.<ref name="thehindu" />

'''''Samsaram''''' (Tamil)
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Aararo Aararo Arumai Kumara" || [[P. Leela]]
|-
| "Maanilathil Vidhiyai Ventra" || [[A. M. Rajah]]
|-
| "Samsaram Samsaram" || A. M. Rajah
|-
| "Kada Kada Loda Loda Vandi" || A. M. Rajah, [[Jikki]]
|-
| "Enathu Manam Kanavilum" || Jikki
|-
| "Amma Pasikuthe" || Jikki, [[Sarojini]]
|-
| "Ezhai Engu Selvaen" || [[P. Leela]]
|-
| "Avar Mella Mella" || Jikki
|}

'''''Sansar''''' (Hindi)
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Yeh Sansar, Yeh Sansar"-1
| [[Talat Mahmood]]
|-
| "Yeh Sansar, Yeh Sansar"-2
| Talat Mahmood
|-
| "Mit Nahin Sakta Kabhi Likha"
| Talat Mahmood
|-
| "Amma Roti De, Baba Roti De"-1
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "Amma Roti De, Baba Roti De"-2
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| "Aisi Hai Duniya"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| "Pyara Hamara Munna"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| "Jiya Lehar Lehar Lehraye"-1
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| "Jiya Lehar Lehar Lehraye"-2
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| "Khat Khat Gaadi"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| "Lakhnau Chalo Ab Rani, Bambai Ka Bigda Pani"
| [[Geeta Dutt]], [[G. M. Durrani]]
|-
| "Hum Hi Ne Mohabbat Ki Duniya Basayi"
| Geeta Dutt, [[P. Leela]]
|}

== Reception ==
Both ''Samsaram'' and ''Sansar'' were released in 1951 and became commercially successful.{{sfn|Ashokamitran|2016|p=41}} According to historian [[Randor Guy]], the success of the former was attributed to its "emotionally strong and sentimental storyline", elements, and the performances of Radha, Pushpavalli, Sriram, Vanaja, Sundari Bai and Ramachandran. However, journalist [[Kalki Krishnamurthy]] gave the film a negative review in his magazine ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'', where he criticised the song "Amma Pasikkuthey, Thaaye Pasikkuthey" by arguing that "no mother would ever stoop to that level".<ref name="thehindu" /> In Japan, the film was released under the title ''Such Is Life''.{{sfn|Ashokamitran|2016|pp=69–70}} The story of ''Samsaram'' was again reused in Tamil as ''[[Thunai Iruppal Meenakshi]]'' (1977).<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=9 September 1979 |title=சிவகுமார் 101 {{!}} 81–90 |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1979-09-09/page/n61/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230317142800/https://archive.org/details/kalki1979-09-09/page/n61/mode/2up |archive-date=17 March 2023 |access-date=16 March 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=60–61 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Ashokamitran |author-link=Ashokamitran |title=Fourteen Years with Boss |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-14-342329-4 |location=India}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

{{S. S. Vasan}}
{{Gemini Studios}}

[[Category:1951 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1951 Indian films]]
[[Category:1951 multilingual films]]
[[Category:1951 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1951 drama films]]
[[Category:1951 films]]
[[Category:Films about families]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. S. Vasan]]
[[Category:Gemini Studios films]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Samsaram (1951 film) - Revision history

Vishal Meena Phagi: Created Article