Piniteinfra: basic improved content additionally and updated info after review

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basic improved content additionally and updated info after review

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	\| children = Sumitra and nine other children<ref name = "Mani b"/>		\| children = Sumitra and nine other children<ref name = "Mani b"/>
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	\| spouse = [[~~Characters in Mahabharata#Lakshmanaa~~\|Lakshmanā]]		\| spouse = [[Lakshmanā (Daughter of Duryodhana and Mayuri)\|Lakshmanā]]
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Destruction of the Yadava clan

New page

{{Short description|Son of the Hindu god Krishna}}{{about|a son of Lord Krishna, the Hindu deity||Samba (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| image = File:PRINCE sAMBA BATTLING WITH kSHEMADARSI.jpg
| caption = Samba fighting with Kshemadarshi, an early 20th century illustration
| father = [[Krishna]]
| mother = [[Jambavati]]
| spouse = [[Characters in Mahabharata#Lakshmanaa|Lakshmanā]]
| children = Sumitra and nine other children<ref name = "Mani b"/>
| dynasty = [[Yadava]]
| texts = ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'', ''[[Devi-Bhagavata Purana]]'', ''[[Mahabharata]]'', ''[[Samba Purana]]'', ''[[Bhavishya Purana]]'', ''[[Skanda Purana]]''
|gender = Male
}}
{{Vrishni heroes}}
'''Samba''' ({{lang-sa|साम्ब}}; [[IAST]]: ''{{IAST|sāmba}}'') was a son of the Hindu god [[Krishna]] and his second consort, [[Jambavati]]. His actions, caused by anger, brought an end to the [[Yadu]] dynasty.{{sfnp|Hudson|2008|p=101|ps=}}

==Early worship==
In the 1st century BC, there seems to be evidence for a worship of five [[Vrishni heroes]] (Balarama, Krishna, [[Pradyumna]], [[Aniruddha]] and Samba), due to the [[Mora Well Inscription]] found at Mora near Mathura, which apparently mentions a son of the great ''satrap'' [[Rajuvula]], probably the ''satrap'' Sodasa and an image of Vrishni, "probably Vasudeva, and of the "Five Warriors".<ref>{{cite book |title= Hindu Gods and Heroes: Studies in the History of the Religion of India|last= Barnett|first= Lionel David|year= 1922 |publisher= J. Murray|page= [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.173123/page/n92 93]|url= https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.173123}}</ref> The Brahmi inscription can be seen on the [[Mora Well Inscription|Mora stone slab]], now in the [[Mathura Museum]].<ref name=Puri1968>{{cite book
|author = Puri, B.N.
|year = 1968
|title = India in the Time of Patanjali
|publisher = Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan
}}Page 51: The coins of Raj uvula have been recovered from the Sultanpur District..
the Brahmi inscription on the Mora stone slab, now in the Mathura Museum,</ref><ref>
{{cite book |title= Hindu Gods and Heroes: Studies in the History of the Religion of India|last= Barnett|first= Lionel David|year= 1922 |publisher= J. Murray|page= [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.173123/page/n91 92] |url= https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.173123}}</ref>

==Birth==
[[File: Shiva Parvati bless Krishna.jpg|thumb|Shiva with his wife Parvati bless Krishna to have a son, who was named Samba.]]
The ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and the ''[[Devi Bhagavata Purana]]'' narrate the story of the birth of Samba. Jambavati was unhappy when she realized that only she had not born any children to Krishna while all other wives were blessed with many children. She approached Krishna to find a solution and to be blessed with a son like the handsome [[Pradyumna]], Krishna's first-born son. Krishna knew this son would herald in the destruction of the Yadu clan, and therefore needed to be a form of Shiva's destructive energy. Then Krishna went to the hermitage of the sage [[Upamanyu]] in the [[Himalayas]] and as advised by the sage, he started to pray to the god [[Shiva]]. He did penance for six months in various postures; once holding a skull and a rod, then standing on one leg only in the next month and surviving on water only, during the third month he did penance standing on his toes and living on air only. Pleased with the austerities, Shiva finally appeared before Krishna as Samba, ([[Ardhanarishvara]]) the half-female, half-male form of the god Shiva-Shakti, asked him to ask a boon. Krishna then sought a son from Jambavati, which was granted. A son was born soon thereafter who was named Samba, the form Shiva had appeared before Krishna.<ref name="Parmeshwaranand">{{cite book|author=Swami Parmeshwaranand|title=Encyclopaedia of the Śaivism|year=2004|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HQvbJDacNDMC|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-427-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HQvbJDacNDMC/page/n68 62]}}</ref><ref name = "Mani">{{cite book | author= Vettam Mani| title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature | url= https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft| publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers | year = 1975  | isbn = 978-0-8426-0822-0 | author-link = Vettam Mani|pages = [https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/342 342], 677}}</ref>

According to [[Bhagavata Purana]], Jambavati was the mother of Samba, Sumitra, Purujit, Shatajit, Sahasrajit, Vijaya, Chitraketu, Vasuman, Dravida and Kratu.<ref>[http://vedabase.net/sb/10/61/10-12/en Bhagavata Purana]. Vedabase.net. Retrieved on 2013-05-02.</ref> The ''Vishnu Purana'' says that she has many sons headed by Samba.

==Marriage==
Samba grew up to be a nuisance to the [[Yadava]]s, Krishna's clan. [[Lakshmanaa]], who was the daughter of [[Duryodhana]] and younger sister of [[Laxman Kumara]] had come of age.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://krsnabook.com/67.html |title=Krishna Book Chapter 67: The Marriage of Samba |publisher=Krsnabook.com |access-date=2012-08-26}}</ref> Her father arranged her swayamvara and many princes came to win her hand. Samba had heard of Lakshmana and wanted to marry her. He went to her swayamvara and abducted her. He defeated the Kuru maharathi's who pursued him but was finally caught. He was arrested by the Kuru elders and thrown in prison.

Lakshmana's swayamvara was re-arranged but no other prince was willing to marry her, since it was considered that a woman abducted by another man belonged to that man, although the other princes were actually afraid of the Yadavas who might attack them on Samba's behalf. Balarama, who was fond of his notorious nephew went to Hastinapur to bail him out. The Kurus refused. Balarama became enraged and started smashing up the palace. Soon after, Duryodhana apologized for their conduct. Balarama was pacified and ordered the Kurus to free Samba. Duryodhana then affectionately married his daughter off to Samba and the marriage was celebrated in pomp and show. Samba and Lakshmanaa had 10 sons, eldest of them being Sumitra.

==Curse of Leprosy==
The ''[[Bhavishya Purana]]'', the ''[[Skanda Purana]]'' and the ''[[Varaha Purana]]'' narrate that some of Krishna's [[Junior wives of Krishna|junior wives]] were infatuated with Samba. One wife Nandini disguised herself as Samba's wife and embraced him. Krishna heard this incest from sage [[Narada]] and cursed Samba to be inflicted with leprosy and his wives to be kidnapped by robbers after his death.<ref name="Mani b">{{cite book | last = Mani | first = Vettam | title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature | url = https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft | publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers | year = 1975  | isbn = 978-0-8426-0822-0 | author-link = Vettam Mani|page = [https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/677 677]}}</ref><ref name="Pattanaik2000">{{cite book|author=Devdutt Pattanaik|title=The Goddess in India: The Five Faces of the Eternal Feminine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rjL3ogbdJNkC|access-date=24 April 2013|date=1 September 2000|publisher=Inner Traditions / Bear & Co|isbn=978-0-89281-807-5|pages=101–2}}</ref>

Samba used his look to fool his stepmothers and play pranks with them in the absence of his father. Krishna bore it with patience as he did not like to hurt him. One day, Samba teased sage Narada for his looks. The sage who was not good looking felt humiliated and was infuriated. He decided to teach Samba a lesson. He lured Samba to the private bathing pool where his stepmothers were taking bath. Finding intrusion on their privacy, they all complained to Krishna. Narada also added fuel to the fire. Krishna was mortified to learn that his son was a ‘peeping tom’ and cursed him to suffer from leprosy. Samba pleaded his innocence and expressed that he was misled by Narada. Krishna found it to be true and repented for his action in haste. As the curse cannot be revoked, he advised Samba to pray Surya who alone can cure him of the deadly disease<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-04|title=Opinion: Samba Dashami Or Sambar Dashami|url=https://odishatv.in/odisha-news/opinion-samba-dashami-or-sambar-dashami-425813|access-date=2021-01-13|website=Latest Odisha News, Breaking News Today {{!}} Top Updates on Corona - OTV News|language=en-US}}</ref>

The [[Samba Purana]] consists of the narrative of Samba getting infected by leprosy, after being cursed by sage [[Durvasa]] for mocking him. Later, he got cured by worshipping [[Surya]] in the temple constructed by him in Mitravana on the banks of the [[Chenab River|Chandrabhaga]], which was once [[Multan Sun Temple]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dowson|first1=John|title=A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, Geography, History and Literature|date=5 November 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136390296|pages=276–77|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=leH7AQAAQBAJ&q=samba+krishna+curse&pg=PA276|access-date=29 April 2017|language=en}}</ref> Samba underwent penance for 12 years in Mitravana near the shores of Chandrabhaga.<ref name=officiallegend>{{cite web|url=http://konark.nic.in/legend.HTM|title=Official website: The Sun Temple Legend|publisher=Tourism Department, Government of Orissa|access-date=27 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231010457/http://www.konark.nic.in/legend.HTM|archive-date=31 December 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Both the original [[Konark Sun Temple]] and the [[Multan Sun Temple]]<ref name="Cunningham1871">{{cite book|author=Sir Alexander Cunningham|title=The Ancient Geography of India: I. The Buddhist Period, Including the Campaigns of Alexander, and the Travels of Hwen-Thsang|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yH9Xef_vm1EC&pg=PA233|access-date=27 July 2013|year=1871|publisher=Trübner & Company|page=233}}</ref> at [[Multan]], earlier known as Kashyapapura, have been attributed to Samba. He was cured by the Sun God [[Surya]] after 12 years of penance near [[Konark]]. As a tradition in the state of [[Odisha]], [[India]] this day is celebrated as [[Samba Dashami]] on the 10th day of the Shukla Paksha of [[Pausha]] [[Masa]]. On this day, mothers pray to Surya for the health of their children.

==Destruction of the Yadava clan==
[[File: Samba deceives the sages disguised as a pregnant woman.jpg|thumb|Samba mocks the sages by pretending to be a pregnant woman.]]

At the end of [[Kurukshetra war]], all 100 of [[Gandhari (character)|Gandhari]]'s sons, the [[Kaurava]]s were killed by their cousins, the [[Pandavas]], who were aided by Krishna. Pandavas also lost all of their sons. Gandhari cursed Krishna for allowing all this destruction to happen. She cursed that he, his city and all his subjects would be destroyed. Krishna accepted the curse.<ref name=kmg>[https://archive.org/stream/mahabharataofkri06royp#page/n3/mode/2up Stri Parva] The Mahabharata, Translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli, Published by P.C. Roy (1889)</ref><ref name="Tears of Gandhari">{{cite web|last1=Pattanaik|first1=Devdutt|title=Tears of Gandhari|url=http://devdutt.com/articles/indian-mythology/mahabharata/tears-of-gandhari.html|website=Devdutt}}</ref>

The book [[Mausala Parva]] describes the fulfillment of the curse 36 years after the end of the great war. The empire is peaceful and prosperous, the youth of Yadavas have become frivolous and hedonistic. Samba dresses up as a woman and his friends meet Rishi [[Vishwamitra]], [[Durvasa]], [[Vashista]], [[Narada]] and other [[rishi]]s, who were visiting Dwaraka for an audience with Krishna. The young man playfully pretending to be a woman claims he is pregnant and asks the rishis to predict the gender of the baby. One Rishi sees through the prank. In a fit of rage, he curses Samba will give birth to an iron bolt ([[Gada (mace)]] a weapon) that will destroy his entire race. As per the curse, the next day, Samba gave birth to an iron rod. The youth informed King [[Ugrasena]] of what has happened. Ugrasena ordered Samba to crush the rod into powder and cast it into the Prabhas sea. The powder washed up onto the sea shore and grew into long reeds of eraká grass. Later on in the story, the Yadavas are at that same seashore for a festival when a fight breaks out between them all. Not having any weapons to hand, the Yadavas break off the eraká grass which they discovered was as strong as iron and use this to kill each other. Thus the iron bolt destroys the entire Yadava Clan.

One larger piece of the bolt was swallowed by a fish. That same fish was caught by a hunter named [[Vali (Ramayana)|Jara]] who in his past life was [[Vali (Ramayana)|Vali]] in the [[Ramayana]]. He removed the iron piece from his catch and noticing it had a point and arrow head like shape, sharpened it as such and stuck it onto the tip of one of his arrows. The hunter Jara mistook Krishna's partly visible left foot for an animal and shot the arrow. the arrow mortally wounded Krishna resulting in his departure from the earth.<ref>{{Cite web|title=क्‍या आप जानते हैं, कैसे हुई थी श्रीकृष्ण की मृत्यु|url=https://www.jagran.com/spiritual/sant-saadhak-how-did-you-know-the-death-of-krishna-14554759.html|website=Dainik Jagran|access-date=3 July 2020}}</ref>

==See also==
{{commons category}}
*[[Multan Sun Temple]]
*[[Samba district]]
*[[Samba Purana]]
*[[Mausala Parva]]

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{Reflist}}
'''Bibliography'''
{{refbegin}}
*{{citation |title=The Body of God : An Emperor's Palace for Krishna in Eighth-Century Kanchipuram |first=D. Dennis |last=Hudson |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-199-70902-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMCxbOezDi4C}}
{{refend}}

[[Category: People related to Krishna]]
[[Category: Characters in the Mahabharata]]

Samba (Krishna's son) - Revision history