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	'''Samba''' is a Municipal Committee city in the only sub-district "Samba Tahsil" of the [[Samba district\|Samba District]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India\|Union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)\| Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref name=":0" /> With a population of about 12,700, Samba is the third least populous municipal committee in the district. The city is divided into 13 wards for which elections are held every 5 years.<ref name=":0" /> Among the 13 wards, Samba Ward No. 13 is the most populous ward with a population of 1702, and Samba Ward No. 11 is the least populous ward with a population of 533.{{cn\|date=May 2019}}		'''Samba''' is a Municipal Committee city in the only sub-district "Samba Tahsil" of the [[Samba district\|Samba District]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India\|Union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)\|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref name=":0" /> With a population of about 12,700, Samba is the third least populous municipal committee in the district. The city is divided into 13 wards for which elections are held every 5 years.<ref name=":0" /> Among the 13 wards, Samba Ward No. 13 is the most populous ward with a population of 1702, and Samba Ward No. 11 is the least populous ward with a population of 533.{{cn\|date=May 2019}}

	==History==		==History==
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	== Transport ==		== Transport ==
	===By Air===		===By Air===
	Samba is 31 km away from [[Jammu Airport\|Satwari Airport (IXJ), Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir]]		Samba is 31 km away from [[Jammu Airport\|Satwari Airport (IXJ), Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir]]

	===By Rail===		===By Rail===
	There are regular trains from other major cities of the country to Samba. Railway Station(s): [[~~Samba_railway_station~~\|Samba Railway station]] (SMBX)		There are regular trains from other major cities of the country to Samba. Railway Station(s): [[Samba railway station\|Samba Railway station]] (SMBX)

	===By Bus===		===By Bus===
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	{{Municipalities of Jammu and Kashmir}}		{{Municipalities of Jammu and Kashmir}}

	[[Category: Cities and towns in Samba district]]		[[Category:Cities and towns in Samba district]]

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{{Refimprove|date=February 2019}}
{{About|the municipality in India|its namesake district|Samba District}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Samba
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City, Municipal Committee
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| coordinates = {{coord|32.57|N|75.12|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|Union Territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Samba district|Samba]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for = Sambyal Clan
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.65
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 384
| population_total = 12,700
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=":0"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]], [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[English language|English]]<ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020| url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=23 September 2020}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Spoken
| demographics1_info2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 184121
| registration_plate =
| website = http://samba.nic.in/
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Samba''' is a Municipal Committee city in the only sub-district "Samba Tahsil" of the [[Samba district|Samba District]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|Union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)| Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref name=":0" /> With a population of about 12,700, Samba is the third least populous municipal committee in the district. The city is divided into 13 wards for which elections are held every 5 years.<ref name=":0" /> Among the 13 wards, Samba Ward No. 13 is the most populous ward with a population of 1702, and Samba Ward No. 11 is the least populous ward with a population of 533.{{cn|date=May 2019}}

==History==
Before the formation of Samba District, the city was part of [[Jammu district|Jammu District]]. The main industrial area of [[Bari Brahmana]], which used to fall under Jammu District, has now been included as part of Samba District. The city has a long tradition of involvement in the army.

==Geography==
Samba is located at {{Coord|32.57|N|75.12|E|}} and has an average elevation of {{Convert|384|m||abbr=on}}. Samba is situated in the Shivalik Hills alongside the [[National Highway 1A (India, old numbering)|National Highway 1-A]] on the bank of the Basantar River, at a distance of {{Convert|40|km||abbr=on}} from the city of Jammu. Samba District borders Udhampur District to the north, Kathua District to the east, Tehsils Jammu and Bishnah of Jammu District to the west, and the Working Boundary Line of Pakistan to the south.

Most of the area of Tehsil Samba is Kandi and rain-fed. The southern area downward of the National Highway is irrigated through the Ravi Tawi Irrigation canal network, contributing to major cereal and vegetable crops as specially assigned by the [[Ministry of Water Resources, River Development, and Ganga Rejuvenation|Ministry of Water Resources]] through the Command Area Development Department.

A modern industrial complex, the Industrial Growth Center, is located on the bank of the Basantar River. Several small and medium industrial units have been established, providing opportunities for educated unemployed youths, skilled workers, and unskilled laborers to start new business ventures in the private sector.

==Climate==
Samba's climate is subtropical; the district is hot and dry in the summer and cold in the winter.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} As Samba is in the foothills of the mountains, nights in Samba are slightly cooler than those in the neighboring areas of Punjab.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} Samba's average annual rainfall is {{Convert|80.07|cm||abbr=on}}.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} Its temperature ranges from {{Convert|5|to|45|C||abbr=|order=}}.{{cn|date=May 2019}}

==Demographics==
===Overview===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Samba City (2011)<ref name="Samba City Population">{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/jammu-kashmir/samba/samba/samba-mc-population.html|title=Samba City Population|work=Census India|accessdate=11 July 2021}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|value1 = 95.54
|color1 = Orange
|label2 = [[Islam]]
|value2 = 0.47
|color2 = Green
|label3 = [[Sikhism]]
|value3 = 1.76
|color3 = Yellow
|label4 = [[Christianity]]
|value4 = 2.08
|color4 = Blue
|label5 = [[Buddhism]]
|value5 = 0.07
|color5 = Gold
|label6 = Not Stated
|value6 = 0.08
|color6 = Black
}}

According to a report released by Census India 2011, the Samba Municipal Committee has population of 12,700, of which 6979 (55%) are males while 5721 (45%) are females.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800079-samba-jammu-and-kashmir.html|title=Samba Municipal Committee City Population Census 2011-2019 {{!}} Jammu and Kashmir|website=www.census2011.co.in|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref> There are 1365 children under seven years old, or 10.75% of the population.<ref name=":0" /> There are 2566 households in the city,<ref name=":0" /> and an average of five people live in each family.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}}

=== Caste distribution ===
By caste, 71% of Samba residents are from general caste, 28.57% are from schedule caste, and 0.04% are schedule tribes.<ref name=":0" />
{| class="wikitable"
|+''Population of Samba by Caste<ref name=":0" />''
!
!Total
!General
!Schedule Caste
!Schedule Tribe
!Children
|-
|'''Total'''
|12,700
|9066
|3629
|5
|1365
|-
|'''Male'''
|6979
|5041
|1934
|4
|756
|-
|'''Female'''
|5721
|4025
|1695
|1
|609
|}

===Religion===
In Samba, Hinduism is the dominant religion, while, Christians, Muslims and Sikhs are the minorities.<ref name="Samba City Population"/>
{| class="wikitable"
|+''Population of Samba by Religion''
!
!Total
!Hindu
!Muslim
!Christian
!Sikh
!Buddhist
!Jain
!Others
!Not Stated
|-
!Total (percentages)
|100%
|95.54%
|0.47%
|2.08%
|1.76%
|0.07%
|0.00%
|0.00%
|0.08%
|-
!Total (population)
|12,700
|12,134
|60
|264
|223
|9
|0
|0
|10
|-
!Male
|6979
|6644
|42
|128
|156
|4
|0
|0
|5
|-
!Female
|5721
|5490
|18
|136
|67
|5
|0
|0
|5
|}

=== Population growth ===
The city's population decreased by 20.2% from 2001 to 2011.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} According to the 2001 census, Samba's total population was about 16,000.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} The female population growth rate was −8.1%, which was 19.9% higher than male population growth rate of −28%.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} The general caste population decreased by 27.9%, the schedule caste population increased by 8.5%, and the child population decreased by 24.7% between the two censuses.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}}

=== Sex ratio ===
According to the 2011 census, Samba has 820 females per 1000 males compared to the state average of 889 females per 1000 males.<ref name=":0" /> The sex ratio is 798 in general caste, 876 in schedule caste, and 250 in schedule tribe.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} For children under seven years old, there are 806 girls per 1000 boys in the city, compared to the state average of 862 girls per 1000 boys.<ref name=":0" /> Between 2001 and 2011, Samba's overall sex ratio and child sex ratio have increased by 177 females per 1000 males and 36 girls per 1000 boys, respectively.

=== Literacy ===
Samba's literacy rate is 90.45%, which is higher than the state average of 67.16%.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} Samba's male literacy rate is 94.52%, and its female literacy rate is 85.49%.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} Among the 10,000 people in the city that are literate, 5882 are males and 4370 are females.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} Between 2001 and 2011, the city's overall literacy rate has increased by 2%.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} The male and female literacy rates have increased by 2% and 6%, respectively.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}}

=== Employment ===
In the census, a worker is defined as a person who does business or performs any job, service, cultivation, or labour activity.<ref name=":0" /> Of the population, 4356 (34%) are engaged in work or business activities.<ref name=":0" /> 91.80% of workers are engaged in Main Work (full-time), and 8.20% of workers are engaged in Marginal Work (part-time).<ref name=":0" />

By sex, 3885 workers are males while 471 workers are females.<ref name=":0" /> 56% of the male population and 8% of the female population are workers. 51% of the male population are main workers, and 4% are marginal workers.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} 7% of the female population are main workers, and 1% are marginal workers.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}}

==Landmarks==
[[File:Mansar Lake41.JPG|thumb|right|The road from Samba to Mansar Lake]]

=== Mansar Lake ===
[[Mansar Lake]] is located on the Samba–Udhampur Road {{Convert|22|km||abbr=on}} from Samba. The lake is surrounded by hills with different Hindu temples and attracts a large number of tourists and religious pilgrims in the area. A tourist complex comprising five tourist huts and rooms situated on the bank of the lake provides visitor accommodation. The state government has also established the Surinsar-Mansar Development Authority, which is responsible for implementation of tourism developmental projects in all four tourist destinations.

=== Villages and temples ===
[[Purmandal]] is a village located {{Convert|39|km||abbr=on}} away from Jammu. It is connected to Samba via the Purmandal–Utterbani–Vijaypur Road. Purmandal is known as "Chotta Kashi" and has old Shiva temples, which have religious importance, surrounded by the Shivalik Hills. Another village, Utterbani, is situated on the bank of the Devika and has historic temples located {{Convert|5|km||abbr=on}} from Purmandal.

The temple Aap Shambhu Mandir is located in Jammu.
Chichi Mata Mandir, a temple located within Samba, is one of the [[Shakti Peetha|shaktipeeths]] where Goddess Sati's little finger fell.It is situated on National Highway only 2 Kms from Samba town and is very famous temple of the region. It attracts tourists and pilgrims throughout the year.

==Terrorist attacks==
On 9 May 2008, two terrorists crossed the fenced border into Samba. Two days later, the terrorists took a mother with two children hostage in a home. A shootout ensued between the terrorists and six BSF-supported [[The Garhwal Rifles|Garhwal Rifles]], lasting almost 12 hours, before the terrorists were killed. Five people, including two Jawans (of the six Garhwal Rifles and 20 [[Jammu and Kashmir Rifles]]) and one photojournalist, Ashok Sodhi, were killed in the battle.

The situation remained tense the next day, when the six Garhwal Rifles spotted another terrorist in Samba and killed him. As a result, counter-terrorism operations continued for several days to flush out any potential terrorists in hiding. BSF suspected around ten other terrorists sneaked into India on 9 May 2008. The IB blamed the BSF and told the Centre that terrorists were exploiting the fact that the BSF sometimes lowers their vigilance during lulls of action.

On 26 September 2013, militants impersonating army personnel attacked the Hiranagar Police Station. After the attack, the militants commandeered a truck to Samba, located {{Convert|18|km||abbr=on}} from Hiranagar. The militants entered the army cantonment and opened fire. In a day-long operation and combat search, all three militants were killed. Twelve others, including a lieutenant colonel, were killed in this incident.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/india/national-india/militants-kill-12-in-jk-ahead-of-manmohan-sharif-talks/articleshow/23102136.cms |title=Archived copy |access-date=27 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928232214/http://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/india/national-india/militants-kill-12-in-jk-ahead-of-manmohan-sharif-talks/articleshow/23102136.cms |archive-date=28 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Higher educational institutes==
Higher educational institutes in Samba include the following:

* BBN Institute of Intellectuals
* Government Degree College
* Bhargava Degree College
* Government Polytechnic College
* Government ITI
* Bhargava College of Engineering and Technology
*[[Bhargava Law College]]
* [[Central University of Jammu]]

== Transport ==
===By Air===
Samba is 31 km away from [[Jammu Airport|Satwari Airport (IXJ), Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir]]

===By Rail===
There are regular trains from other major cities of the country to Samba. Railway Station(s): [[Samba_railway_station|Samba Railway station]] (SMBX)

===By Bus===
Being on the National Highway NH1A, there are regular Buses plying from the other parts of the country connecting Samba.
<ref>https://samba.gov.in/how-to-reach-samba/</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Municipalities of Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category: Cities and towns in Samba district]]

Samba, Jammu and Kashmir - Revision history

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