Ajay Kumar: Created a new article

2023-09-07T15:20:48Z

Created a new article

New page

{{Short description|Hindu philosophical concept}}
{{Hinduism}}
'''Samādhāna''' or ''samādhānam'' ({{lang-sa|समाधानम्}}) is a Sanskrit noun derived from the word, {{IAST|samādhā}} ({{lang|sa|समाधा}}), and variously means – putting together, uniting, fixing the mind in abstract contemplation on the true nature of the soul, contemplate oneness, concentrated or formless meditation, commitment, intentness, steadiness, composure, peace of mind, complete concentration, clearing up of doubt or replying to the {{IAST|pūrvapakṣa}}, agreeing or promising, a leading incident, justification of a statement, proof, reconciliation or eagerness.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary|author=V.S.Apte|publisher=Digital Dictionaries of South Asia|page=1633|url= http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/contextualize.pl?p.6.apte.402394 }}</ref>

== Meaning ==
{{IAST|Samādhāna}} is the single-pointedness of the mind ({{IAST|[[cittaikāgratā]]}}); it is the state of the mind which one has with a single goal in sight which is gained on the strength of the control of the mind and the senses, withdrawal from worldly pursuits, endurance of life-pangs and faith in the scriptures and teacher’s instructions.<ref>{{cite book|title=Tattva bodhah of Sri Adi Sankaracarya|author=Swami Tejomayananda|year=2008|publisher=Chinmaya Mission|pages=29–30|isbn=9788175971851|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=JTlm-8YirIcC&q=samadhanam&pg=PA30 }}</ref>

In the [[Mahabharata]] (277:6), {{IAST|samādhāna}} is explained as the absorption of meditation or as that state of mind in which one has no longer any affection for the world.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Mahabharata, Book 12: Santi Parva|date=26 February 2014|publisher=Netlancers|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FbzrAgAAQBAJ&q=samadhanam&pg=PT834 }}</ref>

=== Realisation of Brahman ===
It is one of the four practices for the realisation of [[Brahman]] ({{IAST|[[sādhanā]] chatuṣṭaya}})<ref>{{cite book|title=Self-knowledge|author=Nome|date=January 2003|publisher=Society of Abidance in Truth|isbn=9780974226613|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=uCmoxMSoOJQC&q=samadhana++vedas&pg=PR15 }}</ref> that directs the energy of consciousness towards ''[[moksha]]'' ('liberation') and not towards ''[[siddhi]]'' or ''[[vibhuti]]'' ('accomplishments').<ref>{{cite book|title=Astadala Yogamala Vol.1|author=B.K.S.Iyengar|date=19 June 2000|publisher=Allied Publishers|page=128|isbn=9788177640465|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=zp3n--MlL9wC&q=samadhana&pg=PA128 }}</ref>

In his [[Vivekachudamani]] (Sloka 26), [[Adi Shankara|Shankara]] explains that:
{{poem quote|
{{lang|sa|सम्यगास्थापनं बुद्धेः शुद्धे ब्रह्मणि सर्वदा ।
तत्समाधानमित्युक्तं न तु चित्तस्य लालनम् ॥ २६}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Sri Samkara's Vivekacudamani|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|page=41|id={{ASIN|8172764200|country=in}}}}</ref>
26. Not the mere indulgence of thought (in curiosity) but the constant concentration of the intellect (or the affirm faculty) on the ever-pure [[Brahman]] is what is called {{transl|sa|Samâdhána}} or self-settledness.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Madhavananda |first1=Swami |title=Vivekachudamani of Sri Sankaracharya: text, with English translation, notes and an index |date=1921 |publisher=Mayavati : Advaita Ashrama |url=https://archive.org/details/vivekachudamanio00sankrich/page/10/ |page=10}}</ref>}}

The perfect establishment of the ''[[buddhi]]'' always in the pure (''[[Nirguna Brahman|nirguna]]'') Brahman (free from all limitations) is said to be {{IAST|samādhāna}}, not the indulgence of the mind (not giving free rein to the mind to stray at will).<ref>{{cite book|title=Sri Samkara's Vivekacudamani|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|page=41|id={{ASIN|8172764200|country=in}}}}</ref>

=== Six virtues ===
{{IAST|Samādhāna}}, which develops mental concentration, is one of the six virtues ({{IAST|ṣaṭ saṃpatti}}) that a seeker after truth is expected to develop so as to cultivate the attitude of detachment from all selfish-ends; <ref>{{cite book|title=The Philosophy of Sadhana|author=Debabrata Sen Sharma|date=January 1990|publisher=SUNY Press|page=74|isbn=9780791403471|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=hT16Fzg-f7AC&q=samadhana&pg=PA74 }}</ref> it develops the ability to hold the mind on a single point.<ref>{{cite book|title=Fire of Freedom|author=Swamini Nityananda|date=April 2010|publisher=Trafford Publishing|page=78|isbn=9781426927539|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_MD8hyOBTiEC&q=samadhana&pg=PA78 }}</ref> For achieving this qualification the mind is required to be sufficiently trained, <ref>{{cite book|title=Self Unfoldment|author=Swami Chinmayananda|date=July 2007|publisher=Chinmaya Mission Trust|page=119|isbn=9788175971936|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=lKH0kW-dGJMC&q=samadhana&pg=PA119 }}</ref> and is achieved by the combination of the other five virtues – ''[[samatva|sama]]'', ''[[Dama (virtue)|dama]]'', ''[[uparati]]'', ''[[titiksha]]'' and ''[[śraddhā]]''.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Seven Commandments of the Bhagavad Gita|author=J.P.Vaswani|date=27 January 2015|publisher=Jaico Publishing|isbn=9788184950830|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=1F8kbCXesyMC&q=samadhana++vedas&pg=PT47 }}</ref> [[Adi Shankara|Shankara]] defines it as a state of poise and tranquility that the mind gains when it is trained to revel continuously in the concept of a perfect ideal, at once universal and omnipotent.<ref>{{cite book|title=On the Path|publisher=Chinmaya Mission|page=29|isbn=9788175972254|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=r-RXJTWbjqcC&q=samadhana&pg=PA29 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Samadhi]]
* [[Abstinence]]
* [[Mettā]]
* [[Vidya (Knowledge)|Vidyā (Clarity)]]
* [[Yoga_(philosophy)#Epistemology|Yoga philosophy (Epistemology)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian philosophy|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Vedanta]]
[[Category:Sanskrit words and phrases]]
[[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]]

Samādhāna - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article