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 The root and stem possess various antimicrobial agents and is traditionally used as toothbrush in Pakistan and India. [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3676702]
 ==Habitat==
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 == In literature ==
 === Jal-tree ===
 In the ''[[janamsakhis]]'' of [[Guru Nanak]], he was found laying under a jal-tree whose shadow remained stationary to protect him from the sun.  Macauliffe identifies this tree as ''Salvadora oleoides''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Macauliffe |first1=Max Arthur |title=The Sikh Religion, its gurus, sacred writings and authors |date=1909 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |page=[[s:Page:The Sikh Religion, its gurus, sacred writings and authors Vol 1.djvu/115|19]]}}</ref>

imported>Vidyamadhavan: Uses of the tree in India and Pakistan

2021-06-24T02:34:12Z

Uses of the tree in India and Pakistan

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{{Short description|Species of plant}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2019}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Salvadora oleoides Bra39.png
|genus = Salvadora (plant)
|species = oleoides
|authority = Decne.<ref>{{GRIN | accessdate=2010-08-21}}</ref>
}}

'''''Salvadora oleoides''''' is a small bushy evergreen tree found in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] and southern [[Iran]].

The root and stem possess various antimicrobial agents and is traditionally used as toothbrush in Pakistan and India. [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3676702]

==Description==
[[Image:Khabbar (Salvadora oleoides) leaves, Hodal (Faridabad, Haryana) I IMG 1187.jpg|thumb|right|leaves at [[Hodal]] in [[Faridabad]] District of [[Haryana]], [[India]]. ]]
It is a small tree with drooping branches, rarely with proper bole or exceeding a height of 20 feet and a girth of 3 feet. It is very common plant in arid tracts but becomes scarce where rainfall conditions are better. It can withstand great [[soil salinity]]. It produces new leaves during April, which on maturity become thick and leathery.

The tree coppices fairly well but regenerates freely by root suckers and natural layering. It is, however, very slow growing but a dense growth is often formed around the parent plant by root suckers and some natural seedlings. The plant provides a dense shade. It is often lopped for camel and goat fodder.

===Fruit===
Small greenish white flowers are produced in March–April. The fruit is yellow and ripens in the months of May and June. It forms one of the main grazing sources for livestock owned by local farmers. It is often dried and preserved in large quantities. The seeds are spread by birds. The seedlings come up under the parent plant or under other bushes and are somewhat frost-tender.

==Habitat==
The vann is commonly found in and around [[Sandal Bar]], and is reserved for use as grazing sources for local peasant villages. In addition, a number of trees have been preserved to provide shade for cattle.

==Wood==
[[Image:Khabbar (Salvadora oleoides), Hodal (Faridabad, Haryana) I IMG 1194.jpg|thumb| tree at [[Hodal]] in [[Faridabad]] District of [[Haryana]], [[India]]. ]]
The vann is mostly non-woody and the small amount of wood that it has is soft, light, and not particularly useful for any of [[wood]]'s normal uses, notably building and heat. When burnt, it leaves a large quantity of ash, which can then be boiled down into a substance for treating [[mange]] in [[camel]]s.

== In literature ==
=== Pilu tree in Mahabharata ===
The Mahabharata Book VIII: Karna Parva, Chapter 30, verse 24 mentions tree species as [[Prosopis cineraria|Sami]], [[Pilu]] and [[Karir]] tree species as under in [[Sanskrit]] and [[IAST]]:
:[[Prosopis cineraria|शमी]] पीलु [[Capparis decidua|करीराणां]] वनेषु सुखवर्त्मसु (śamī pīlu karīrāṇāṃ vaneṣu sukhavartmasu)
:अपूपान सक्तु पिण्डीश च खाथन्तॊ मदितान्विताः (apūpān saktu piṇḍīś ca khādanto mathitānvitāḥ)

:Meaning - "When shall I be amongst those ladies eating cakes of flour and meat and balls of pounded barley mixed with skimmed milk, in the forests, having many pleasant paths of Sami and Pilu and Karira!" (VIII.30.24)

=== Jal-tree ===
In the ''[[janamsakhis]]'' of [[Guru Nanak]], he was found laying under a jal-tree whose shadow remained stationary to protect him from the sun. Macauliffe identifies this tree as ''Salvadora oleoides''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Macauliffe |first1=Max Arthur |title=The Sikh Religion, its gurus, sacred writings and authors |date=1909 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |page=[[s:Page:The Sikh Religion, its gurus, sacred writings and authors Vol 1.djvu/115|19]]}}</ref>

==See also==
* "Pilu"[https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3676702] is a Proto Dravidian word named after tooth word "Pal" for indicating tooth word
*[https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3676702 Pīlu] - Mentioned in [[Mahābhārata]].
* [[Salvadora persica]]—Toothbrush tree, [[peelu]], or [[siwak]]

==References==
{{Wikispecies|Salvadora oleoides|''Salvadora oleoides''}}
{{Commons category|Salvadora oleoides|''Salvadora oleoides''}}
{{Reflist}}
* RN Kaul (1963): Need for afforestation in the arid zones of India, LA-YAARAN, Vol 13
* RC Ghosh (1977): Hand book on afforestation techniques, Dehradun.
* RK Gupta & Ishwar Prakasah (1975): Environmental analysis of the Thar Desert, Dehradun.

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3765299}}

[[Category:Salvadoraceae]]
[[Category:Flora of India (region)]]
[[Category:Flora of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Flora of Iran]]

Salvadora oleoides - Revision history

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

imported>Vidyamadhavan: Uses of the tree in India and Pakistan