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{{short description|Mountain in disputed Kashmir region administered by India}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Saltoro Kangri
| photo = Saltoro Kangri.jpg
| photo_caption = Saltoro Kangri, at right
| elevation_m = 7742
| elevation_ref = <small>[[List of highest mountains|Ranked 31st]]</small>
| prominence_m = 2160
| prominence_ref =
| range = [[Saltoro Mountains]], [[Karakoram]]
| listing = [[Ultra prominent peak|Ultra]]
| location = [[Saltoro Ridge]], [[Siachen]], [[Actual Ground Position Line]], [[Saltoro Kangri]] on the border between Indian and Pakistani controlled territories
| map = Karakoram relief#Gilgit Baltistan#India Ladakh
| map_caption =
| map_size = 300
| label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|35|23|57.6|N|76|50|55.2|E|type:mountain_dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km=80}}|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref =
| length_km = 80
| range_coordinates =
| first_ascent = 24 July 1962 by Y. Takamura, A. Saito, Capt. Bashir<ref name=AJ_1964/>
| easiest_route = rock/snow/ice climb
}}

'''Saltoro Kangri''' is the highest peak of the [[Saltoro Mountains]] subrange of [[Karakoram]] range, also known as the '''Saltoro Range''', which is a part of the [[Karakoram]]. Saltoro Kangri is a name generally used for the twin peaks, the Saltoro Kangri I to the south and the Saltoro Kangri II, connected by a [[Saddle (landform)|saddle]]. While comparing the heights the generic term Saltoro Kangri is applied to the higher peak, Saltoro Kangri I, which is the 31st [[List of highest mountains on Earth|highest mountain]] in the world in remote reaches of Karokaram. It is located on the [[Actual Ground Position Line]] between Indian controlled territory in the Siachen region and Pakistani controlled territory west of the Saltoro Range.[[File:Kashmir_map.jpg|thumb|420x346px|right|Indo-Pak mutually-agreed undisputed ''"International Border"'' (IB) in the black line, Indo-Pak ''"Line of Control"'' (LoC) in black dotted line in the north and west, Indo-Sino ''"Line of Actual"'' (LAC) in black dotted line in the east, Indo-Pak line across Siachen in north is ''"Actual Ground Position Line"'' (AGPL). The areas shown in green are the two Pakistani-controlled areas: Gilgit–Baltistan in the north and Azad Kashmir in the south. The area shown in orange is the Indian-controlled territories of Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh, and the diagonally-hatched area to the east is the Chinese-controlled area known as Aksai Chin. ''"Territories ceded by Pakistan to China claimed by India"'' in the north is Shaksgam ([[Trans-Karakoram Tract]]).]]
[[File:Un-kashmir-jammu.png|thumb|420x380px|right|[[United Nations]] map of Siachen Glacier showing ''"Point NJ980420"'' (Point NJ9842) as starting point of the ''"Actual Ground Position Line"'' (AGPL), Goma military camp of Pakistan, [[Nubra River]] valley and Siachen glaciers held by India, and Bilafond La and Sia La north of NJ9842 also held by India. Masherbrum Range, Baltoro Glacier, Baltoro Glacier, Baltoro Muztagh and K2 are held by Pakistan.]]

== Climbing history ==
The mountain was reconnoitered by the intrepid Workman couple in 1911–12. The first attempt on the peak was in 1935 by a British expedition led by J. Waller, which reached c.24500' on the SE ridge.<ref name=HJ_1936/><ref name=HJ_1937/> A British university expedition led by [[Eric Shipton]] approached this peak through the [[Bilafond La]] via Pakistan with a Pakistani climbing permit. They reached the peak but did not attempt it. This expedition was inadvertently the first move in the deadly game of Siachen [[oropolitics]] that would lead to the [[Siachen conflict]] of 1984.<ref name=HJ_1958/>

The first ascent of Saltoro Kangri was in July 1962, by a joint Japanese-Pakistani expedition led by T. Shidei. This piggyback expedition put A. Saito, Y. Takamura and Pakistani climber R.A. Bashir on top on July 24, following the S.E. ridge route.<ref name=AJ_1964/><ref name=HJ_1964/> This peak was climbed by an Indian Army expedition led by [[Colonel (India)|Colonel]] [[Narendra Kumar (mountaineer)|Narendra Kumar]] in 1981.<ref name=Kapadia2005/> US maps of the area and many world atlases starting in the 1960s showed the [[Line of Control]] between Pakistani and Indian territory running from the last defined point in the 1949 [[Karachi Agreement]], [[NJ9842]], east-northeast to the [[Karakoram Pass]], thus putting the whole of Saltoro Kangri and the entire [[Siachen Glacier]] in Pakistan. However, the [[Simla Agreement]] defined the Line of Control no further than point NJ9842 other than with the phrase "thence north to the glaciers." The [http://www.alpine-club.org.uk/hi/ Himalayan Index] lists only one more ascent of the mountain, in 1981, and no other attempts.

==See also==

;Near the AGPL (Actual Ground Position Line)
* [[NJ9842]] (peak) LoC ends and AGPL begins here
* [[Gharkun]] (peak)
* [[Gyong Kangri]] (peak)
* [[Gyong La]] (pass)
* [[Goma (Siachen)]]
* [[2012 Gayari Sector avalanche|Gyari]] (valley)
* [[Chumik Glacier|Chumik Kangri]] (peak)a
* [[K12 (mountain)]] (peak)
* [[Bana Top]] (peak)
* [[Bilafond La]]
* [[Saltoro Valley]]
* [[Ghent Kangri]]
* [[Sia La]]
* [[Sia Kangri]]
* [[Indira Col]]

; Borders
* [[Actual Ground Position Line]] (AGPL)
* [[India–Pakistan border|India–Pakistan International Border]] {IB)
* [[Line of Control]] {LoC)
* [[Line of Actual Control]] (LAC)
* [[Sir Creek]] (SC)
* [[Borders of China]]
* [[Borders of India]]
* [[Category:Borders of Pakistan|Borders of Pakistan]]

; Conflicts
* [[Kashmir conflict]]
* [[Siachen conflict]]
* [[Sino-Indian War|Sino-Indian conflict]]
* [[:Category:Territorial disputes of China|List of disputed territories of China]]
* [[List of disputed territories of India]]
* [[:Category:Territorial disputes of Pakistan|List of disputed territories of Pakistan]]
* [[Northern Areas]]
* [[Trans-Karakoram Tract]]

; Operations
* [[Operation Meghdoot]], by India
* [[Operation Rajiv]], by India
* [[Operation Safed Sagar]], by India

; Other related topics
* [[Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces]]
* [[Bana Singh]], after whom Quaid Post was renamed to Bana Top
* [[Dafdar]], westernmost town in Trans-Karakoram Tract
* [[India-China Border Roads]]
* [[Sino-Pakistan Agreement]] for transfer of Trans-Karakoram Tract to China

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=AJ_1964>
{{cite journal | title = The Ascent of Saltoro Kangri | author = Shidei, T.
| journal = [[Alpine Journal]] | year = 1964 | volume = 69 | pages = 73–80
| url = https://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1964_files/AJ%201964%2073-80%20Shidei%20Saltoro%20Kangri.pdf
| url-status = live | access-date = 2020-01-15}}</ref>
<ref name=HJ_1936>
{{cite journal | title = Peak 36, Saltoro Karakoram, 1935 | author = Hunt, John
| journal = [[Himalayan Journal]] | year = 1936 | volume = 8 | pages =
| url = https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/08/2/peak-36-saltoro-karakoram-1935/
| url-status = live | access-date = 2020-01-15}}</ref>
<ref name=HJ_1937>
{{cite journal | title = Peak 36, Saltoro Karakoram A Mountaineering Analysis
| author1 = Hunt, John | author2 = Waller, James
| journal = [[Himalayan Journal]] | year = 1937 | volume = 9 | pages =
| url = https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/09/13/peak-36-saltoro-karakoram-a-mountaineering-analysis/
| url-status = live | access-date = 2020-01-15}}</ref>
<ref name=HJ_1958>
{{cite journal | title = The Imperial College Karakoram Expedition, 1957
| author = Miller, K.J.
| journal = [[Himalayan Journal]] | year = 1958 | volume = 21 | pages =
| url = https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/21/3/the-imperial-college-karakoram-expedition-1957/
| url-status = live | access-date = 2020-01-15}}</ref>
<ref name=HJ_1964>
{{cite journal | title = The Ascent of Saltoro Kangri | author = Shidei, T.
| journal = [[Himalayan Journal]] | year = 1964 | volume = 25 | pages =
| url = https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/25/17/pakistan-japan-joint-kara-koram-expedition-to-saltoro-kangri-1962/
| url-status = live | access-date = 2020-01-15}}</ref>
<ref name=Kapadia2005>
{{cite book | title = Into the Untravelled Himalaya: Travels, Treks, and Climbs
| author = Kapadia, Harish | year = 2005 | publisher = Indus Publishing | page = 245
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-5l1RhMStxgC&pg=PA245
| url-status = live | access-date = 2020-01-15}}</ref>
}}

== Further reading ==
* Jill Neate, ''High Asia: An Illustrated History of the 7000 Metre Peaks'', {{ISBN|0-89886-238-8}}
* [http://www.alpine-club.org.uk/hi/ Himalayan Index]
* [http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/dem3.html#himalayas DEM files for the Himalaya] (Corrected versions of SRTM data)

== External links ==
* [http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=10533 "Saltoro Kangri, India/Pakistan" on Peakbagger]
* [http://peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/karakoram.html "The Karakoram, Pakistan Himalaya and India Himalaya (north of Nepal) on Peaklist]
{{Pakistan-geo-stub}}
{{India-geo-stub}}
[[Category:Mountains of Ladakh]]
[[Category:Seven-thousanders of the Karakoram]]
[[Category:Mountains of Gilgit-Baltistan]]

Saltoro Kangri - Revision history

imported>Aglrochisat: Added description