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{{short description|American physician}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Saleni Armstrong-Hopkins
| image = SaleniArmstrongHopkins1908.png
| alt = A middle-aged white woman, with grey hair dressed back away from her face. She is wearing glasses and a high-collared striped dress or blouse.
| caption = Saleni Armstrong-Hopkins, from a 1908 publication.
| other_names =
| birth_name = Saleni Armstrong, Salini Armstrong-Hopkins
| birth_date = {{birth-date|January 21, 1855}}
| birth_place = London, Ontario
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Physician, author
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| spouse(s) =
| relatives = [[Zamin Ki Dost]] (sister)
}}

'''Saleni Armstrong-Hopkins''' (born January 21, 1855), born '''Saleni Armstrong''', and sometimes seen as '''Salini Armstrong-Hopkins''', was a Canadian-born American [[Medical doctor|physician]], medical missionary, and author.

== Early life and education ==
Saleni Armstrong was born in [[London, Ontario]], the daughter of William Leonard Armstrong and Elizabeth Summers Armstrong.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Leonard|first1=John William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OtxTAAAAYAAJ&q=Saleni+O.+Armstrong&pg=PA47|title=Who's who in America|last2=Marquis|first2=Albert Nelson|date=1906|publisher=A.N. Marquis|pages=47–48|language=en}}</ref> Her father was a [[Union Army]] surgeon during the [[American Civil War]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=1897-05-16|title=American Woman in India|pages=11|work=The Spokesman-Review|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59390269/american-woman-in-india/|access-date=2020-09-16|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> She was raised in Michigan and Nebraska.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Leonard|first1=John William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IVEYAAAAMAAJ&q=Dr.+Armstrong+Khetwadi&pg=PA27|title=Who's who in New York City and State|last2=Mohr|first2=William Frederick|last3=Holmes|first3=Frank R.|last4=Knox|first4=Herman Warren|last5=Downs|first5=0infield Scott|date=1905|publisher=L.R. Hamersly Company|pages=27|language=en}}</ref>

Armstrong attended [[Northwestern University]] for a year and graduated from the [[Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania]] in 1885, with an internship in gynecology and obstetrics at the Philadelphia Lying-in Charity Hospital.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Moulton|first=Charles Wells|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GFlJAAAAYAAJ&q=Dr.+Armstrong+Khetwadi&pg=PA13|title=The Doctor's Who's who|date=1906|publisher=Saalfield publishing Company|pages=13–14|language=en}}</ref> She also studied at Mount Vernon Institute of Elocution and Languages.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Herringshaw|first=Thomas William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xxg7AQAAMAAJ&q=Salini+Armstrong&pg=PR4|title=Herringshaw's Encyclopedia of American Biography of the Nineteenth Century: Accurate and Succinct Biographies of Famous Men and Women in All Walks of Life who are Or Have Been the Acknowledged Leaders of Life and Thought of the United States Since Its Formation ...|date=1904|publisher=American Publishers' Association|pages=iv|language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Armstrong founded and ran an orphanage in [[Platte County, Nebraska]], as a young doctor. She became a medical missionary in India as a single woman in 1886, serving with her sister Willimina L. Armstrong,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Isham|first=George W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dOAwAQAAMAAJ&q=Salini+Armstrong&pg=PA42|title=Two Years in India, Or, Some Missionary Lessons, and how They Were Learned|date=1893|publisher=author|pages=42|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gurantz|first=Maya|title=Mothers of Magic|url=https://www.laacollective.org/work/mothers-of-magic|access-date=2020-09-16|website=Los Angeles Archivists Collective|date=31 May 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref> and later with her husband, Methodist clergyman George Armstrong-Hopkins. She founded and directed a hospital and a nurses' training school at [[Khetwadi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khetwadi]] from 1887 to 1889. She was physician in charge at Lady Atchison Hospital in [[Lahore]] and a hospital in [[Hyderabad, Sindh]] from 1889 to 1893.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Beauchamp|first=William Martin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=98kpAQAAMAAJ&q=Dr.+Armstrong+Khetwadi&pg=RA2-PA696|title=Past and Present of Syracuse and Onondaga County, New York: From Prehistoric Times to the Beginning of 1908|date=1908|publisher=S.J. Clarke Publishing Company|pages=696|language=en}}</ref> From 1893 to 1895, she was on the staff of a hospital in [[Omaha, Nebraska|Omaha]]. She sponsored several Indian students to attend college in the United States.<ref name=":1" /> The Armstrong-Hopkinses went to Bombay in 1912; she retired from the mission field after her husband's death in 1918.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Williams|first1=D. Newell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qz619lP9EnEC&q=Salini+Armstrong&pg=PT193|title=The Stone-Campbell Movement: A Global History|last2=Foster|first2=Douglas Allen|last3=Blowers|first3=Paul M.|date=2013-03-30|publisher=Chalice Press|isbn=978-0-8272-3527-4|language=en}}</ref>

In 1899, Armstrong-Hopkins sued her superior, Methodist bishop [[James Mills Thoburn]], for slander.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1899-12-16|title=Bishop Sued for Slander|pages=1|work=Buffalo Courier|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59390417/bishop-sued-for-slander/|access-date=2020-09-16|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> She sued him again in 1907 for libel, and won an award of $500.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1907-12-13|title=BISHOP MUST PAY HER $500.; Dr. Saleni Hopkins Sued Churchman for $100,000, Alleging Libel.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1907/12/13/archives/bishop-must-pay-her-500-dr-saleni-hopkins-sued-churchman-for-100000.html|access-date=2020-09-16|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=1907-12-13|title=Bishop Guilty of Libel|pages=5|work=The Baltimore Sun|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59374218/bishop-guilty-of-libel/|access-date=2020-09-16|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Thoburn had claimed that Armstrong-Hopkins was spending lavishly on dresses, stockings, shoes, and hats for her Indian patients.<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 9, 1907|title=Fluffies in Bombay|page=6|work=Syracuse Herald|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-dec-09-1907-1970259/|access-date=September 16, 2020|via=NewspaperArchive.com}}</ref> She held a medical license in Nebraska from 1894,<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 12, 1894|title=Licensed Physicians|page=3|work=Lincoln Semi Weekly State Journal|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-jan-12-1894-1970272/|access-date=September 16, 2020|via=NewspaperArchive.com}}</ref> but was refused a license to practice in Washington, D. C. in 1903, when the district's board of medical supervisors questioned her credentials and asked her to sit for an examination.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1903-08-10|title=Adheres to Decision|pages=8|work=Evening Star|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59390720/adheres-to-decision/|access-date=2020-09-16|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

Books by Armstrong-Hopkins<ref name=":0" /> included ''Within the Purdah'' (1898),<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hopkins|first=Saleni (Armstrong)|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t4bp0s18q|title=Within the purdah;also, In the Zenana homes of Indian princes, and Heroes and heroines of Zion;|date=1898|publisher=New York|hdl=2027/loc.ark:/13960/t4bp0s18q}}</ref> ''Fruit of Suffering'' (a book of poems), ''Pork and Mustard'', and ''Khetwadi Castle'' (1900).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hopkins|first=Saleni (Armstrong)|url=http://archive.org/details/khetwadicastlese00hopk|title=Khetwadi castle, sequel to "Pork and mustard." vol. II|date=1900|publisher=Syracuse, N.Y., C. W. Bardeen|others=The Library of Congress}}</ref> She gave lectures on her experiences in India to women's groups and at church events.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1912-09-24|title=Lecture for Women|pages=7|work=Fort Worth Star-Telegram|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59390942/lecture-for-women/|access-date=2020-09-16|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
In 1893, Saleni Armstrong married George Franklin Hopkins (1855-1918), as his second wife.<ref name=":2" /> They both used the surname '''Armstrong-Hopkins''' after they married, and their legal change to the hyphenated surname made headlines in 1905.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1905-05-08|title=Takes Wife's Maiden Name|pages=2|work=The Daily Mail (Bedford, Indiana)|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59374299/takes-wifes-maiden-name/|access-date=2020-09-16|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=1905-03-11|title=Change Authorized|pages=16|work=Evening Star|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59390215/change-authorized/|access-date=2020-09-16|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> In 1926, she was on a list of "Lost Alumnae" of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania; her alumnae association had lost track of her address.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=November 1926|title=Lost Alumnae|url=http://xdl.drexelmed.edu/pdfs/a076_013.pdf|journal=Bulletin of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania|volume=77|pages=11}}</ref> Her younger sister Willimina Leonora Armstrong was known later in life as [[Zamin Ki Dost]], a physician, writer, and lecturer on Eastern mysticism, based in Los Angeles.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ellerbe|first=Rose L.|date=1911-06-06|title=Willimina Armstrong|pages=23|work=The Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59393507/willimina-armstrongrose-l-ellerbe/|access-date=2020-09-16|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Subject bar|portal1=Biography}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Armstrong-Hopkins, Saleni}}
[[Category:1855 births]]
[[Category:19th-century American women medical doctors]]
[[Category:19th-century American medical doctors]]
[[Category:American women non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:American Methodist missionaries]]
[[Category:Methodist missionaries in India]]
[[Category:Methodist writers]]
[[Category:Christian medical missionaries]]
[[Category:Emigrants from pre-Confederation Ontario to the United States]]
[[Category:Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania alumni]]
[[Category:Northwestern University alumni]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
[[Category:American missionaries in India]]
[[Category:American medical missionaries]]

Saleni Armstrong-Hopkins - Revision history

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