150.129.101.74: robot: Update article

2022-04-10T18:06:58Z

robot: Update article

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2021-08-09T05:38:51Z

Reverted edits by 2409:4072:6D19:1006:8CB7:15F9:1AA:F14F (talk) to last revision by BD2412: not adhering to manual of style

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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Salem, Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Salem District
| native_name = 
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Tamil Nadu|District]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]
| image_skyline = Shevaroy Hills Yercaud 2.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = View of [[Shevaroy Hills]] near [[Yercaud]]
| nickname = [[Steel City]], Mango City
| image_map = India Tamil Nadu districts Salem.svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|11|39|52.56|N|78|8|45.6|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[File:TamilNadu Logo.svg|22px]] [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kongu Nadu]], [[Mazhanadu]]
| subdivision_type3 = Municipal Corporation
| subdivision_name3 = [[Salem City Municipal Corporation]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]
| parts_type = [[Taluks]]
| parts = [[Attur Taluk, Salem|Attur]], [[Gangavalli taluk|Gangavalli]], [[Idappadi taluk|Idappadi]], [[Kadayampatti taluk|Kadayampatti]], [[Mettur taluk|Mettur]], [[Omalur taluk|Omalur]], [[Peddanayakkan Palayam taluk|Peddanayakkan Palayam]], [[Salem taluk|Salem]], [[Salem South taluk|Salem South]], [[Salem West taluk|Salem West]], [[Sankagiri taluk|Sankagiri]], [[Vazhapadi taluk|Vazhapadi]], [[Yercaud taluk|Yercaud]]
| leader_title1 = Collector
| leader_name1 = S. Karmegam, I.A.S<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/new-district-collector-hears-grievances-of-public/article28254032.ece | title= New District Collector hears grievances of public | date=1 July 2019 | newspaper=The Hindu | access-date=12 July 2020 }}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 5245
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3,482,056
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 636xxx
| area_code = 0427
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|]]
| registration_plate = '''TN-27, TN-30, TN-52, TN-54, TN-77, TN-90, TN-93'''
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[IUCN protected area categories|IUCN category]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 
| website = {{URL|salem.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Central location:
| blank2_info_sec1 = {{coord|11|39|N|78|8|E}}
| official_name =
}}

'''Salem District''' is one of the 38 districts of [[Tamil Nadu]] state in southern [[India]]. The district is now divided into [[Dharmapuri district|Dharmapuri]], [[Krishnagiri district|Krishnagiri]], [[Namakkal district|Namakkal]] as individual districts. [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] is the district headquarters and other major towns in the district include [[Mettur]], [[Thammampatti]], [[Attur]], [[Omalur]], [[Sankagiri]] and [[Edappadi]]. That Salem dates to at least two thousand years ago is evident from the discovery of silver coins from the Roman Emperor [[Nero|Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus]] (37–68 CE) found by Koneripatti of Salem in 1987. It was ruled by Mazhavar King Kolli Mazhavan and kings [[Adhiyaman]] and [[Valvil Ori]] of [[Sangam era|Sangam age]]. It is part of [[Kongu Nadu]] and [[Mazhanadu]], a vast region that dates to the 2nd century BCE. Salem was the largest district of Tamil Nadu. It was bifurcated into Salem and Dharmapuri districts in 1965 and Namakkal district in 1997. Now Salem has been developed a lot by building many bridges and is considered to be the [[smart city]]. Salem is famous for cultivating [[mango]]es.

==Administration==
There are 4 [[revenue division]]s, 13 [[taluk]]s, 1 [[Municipal corporation (India)|municipal corporation]], 4 municipalities, 21 [[revenue block]]s, and 32 [[Nagar panchayat|town panchayats]] in Salem district.<ref>{{cite web|title=Salem district map|url=https://salem.nic.in/district-maps/|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|date=2021-02-15|access-date=2021-02-24}}</ref>

===Revenue divisions===
*[[Salem, Tamilnadu|Salem]]
*[[Attur]]
*[[Mettur]]
*[[Sankagiri]]

===Taluks===
* [[Attur Taluk, Salem|Attur taluk]]
* [[Gangavalli taluk]]
* [[Idappadi taluk]]
* [[Kadayampatti taluk]]
* [[Mettur taluk]]
* [[Omalur taluk]]
* [[Peddanayakkan Palayam taluk]]
* [[Salem taluk]]
* [[Salem South taluk]]
* [[Salem West taluk]]
* [[Sankagiri taluk]]
* [[Vazhapadi taluk]]
* [[Yercaud taluk]]

===Municipal corporations and municipalities===
*Salem
*Edappadi
*Attur
*Mettur
*Narasingapuram

===Revenue blocks===
*[[Salem block|Salem]]
*[[Veerapandi block|Veerapandi]]
*[[Thalaivasal]]
*[[Gangavalli block|Gangavalli]]
*[[Panaimarathupatti block|Panaimarathupatti]]
*[[Ayothiapattinam block|Ayothiapattinam]]
*[[Valapady block|Valapady]]
*[[Yercaud block|Yercaud]]
*[[Attur block|Attur]]
*[[Peddanaickenpalayam block|Pethanaickenpalayam]]
*[[Nangavalli block|Nangavalli]]
*[[Mecheri block|Mecheri]]
*[[Kolathur block|Kolathur]]
*[[Omalur block|Omalur]]
*[[Tharamangalam block|Tharamangalam]]
*[[Kadayampatti]]
*[[Sankari block|Sankagiri]]
*[[Magudanchavadi block|Magudanchavadi]]
*[[Konganapuram block|Konganapuram]]
*[[Idappadi block|Edappadi]]
*[[Veppampoondi]]

===Town Panchayats===
*[[Ayothiapattinam]]
*[[Gangavalli]]
*[[Thammampatti]]
*[[Attayampatti]]
*[[Jalakandapuram]]
*[[Elampillai]]
*[[Kannankurichi]]
*[[Kolathur, Salem|Kolathur]]
*[[Konganapuram]]
*[[Mecheri]]
*[[Omalur]]
*[[Panaimarathupatti]]
*[[Pethanaickenpalayam]]
*[[Sivathapuram]]
*[[Tharamangalam]]
*[[Vazhapadi]]
*[[Veerakkalpudur]]
*[[Thiruvelviyur(a) Belur]]
*[[Edaganasalai]]
*[[Kadayampatti]]
*[[Karuppur, Salem|Karuppur]]
*[[Keeripatti]]
*[[Mallur, Salem|Mallur]]
*[[Sentharapatti]]
*[[Thedavur]]
*[[Thevur]]
*[[Veeraganur]]
*[[Ethapur]]
*[[Arasiramani]]
*[[Nangavalli]]
*[[Poolampatti]]
*[[Attur]]

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=7,93,641|13=1911|14=8,21,494|15=1921|16=8,86,630|17=1931|18=9,98,086|19=1941|20=11,89,060|21=1951|22=14,30,876|23=1961|24=16,05,327|25=1971|26=19,96,187|27=1981|28=22,68,981|29=1991|30=25,73,667|31=2001|32=30,16,346|33=2011|34=34,82,056|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Salem district had a population of 3,482,056 with a sex-ratio of 954 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dash">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|year=2013|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 344,960 were under the age of six, constituting 180,002 males and 164,958 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 16.67% and 3.43% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 72.86%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dash" /> The district had a total of 915,967 households. There were a total of 1,694,160 workers, comprising 247,011 cultivators, 396,158 main agricultural labourers, 132,700 in household industries, 785,161 other workers, 133,130 marginal workers, 9,993 marginal cultivators, 58,052 marginal agricultural labourers, 8,803 marginal workers in household industries and 56,282 other marginal workers.<ref name="2011census">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=684109|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals — Salem district|year=2013|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref>

==Education==
Salem district is home to the Periyar University and the Vinayaka Mission University. The district has many educational institutions including Government Arts College (autonomous), Government Arts College for Women, Government College of Engineering (autonomous), Sona College of Technology (Autonomous), Thiagarajar Polytechnic College (Autonomous), Indian Institute of Handloom Technology, Government Polytechnic College, Central Law College, Sarada Institutions, and Mohan Kumaramangalam College (Medical). Schools include Holy Cross, Holy Angels', St. Johns, Cluny, Golden Gates, Emerald Valley, Senthil Public School, Vidya Mandir, Little Flower, CSI Higher Secondary School and St. Joseph Schools.

==Industries==
The Salem handloom industry is one of the most ancient cottage industries and producing quality sari, dothi and angavasthram out of silk yarn and cotton yarn. In the recent past, home furnishing items are also woven, mainly for export purposes. More than 75,000 handlooms are working and the total value of cloth produced per annum is estimated at {{INR}} 500,000 million. With more than 125 spinning mills, with modern weaving units and garment units [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] established itself as one of the major textile center in [[Tamil Nadu]]. The history of handloom and spinning mills dates back to pre-independence period in Salem. But till 1960s there were fewer than 5 spinning mills. Private handloom weaving started thriving in the region along with the large scale cooperative sector handloom weaving and marketing units. Small scale hand dying units were started around the region to the industry. Around 1980s the textile industry grew significantly. Many major spinning mills and waste spinning units came up into existence. Many Handloom societies and dying houses were established. New and increased number of Power Loom units were mushroomed in the places like Gugai, Ammapet, [[Attayampatti]], [[Mallasamudram]], [[Vennanthur]], [[Magudanchavadi block|Magudanchavadi]], [[Rasipuram]], [[Komarapalayam]], [[Pallipalayam]], [[Jalakandapuram]] and [[Elampillai]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/18/stories/2010121851300300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104210204/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/18/stories/2010121851300300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-01-04 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2010-12-18 |title=Salem IIHT}}</ref>

The Salem region also houses the [[Tamil Nadu]] largest number of [[Sago]] industries which are engaged in the production Sago Foods and Starch. In Salem District alone, 34000 hectares of land is under tapioca cultivation which is the raw material for the sago industries and there are 650 units engaged in tapioca processing. In and around Salem the yield of tapioca is about 25-30 T/ha, highest in the World. National average is 19 T/ha and World average production stands at 10 T/ha.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sagoserve.com/profile1.htm |title=Sagoserve |access-date=2014-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000313/http://www.sagoserve.com/profile1.htm |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hence it is called land of sago. In 1981, Salem Starch and Sago Manufacturers Service Industrial Co-operative Society Ltd (popularly called as SAGOSERVE) was established to promote the growth of sago industries. Nearly 80% of the national demand for Sago and Starch is being met by the Sagoserv.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indcom.tn.gov.in/sagoserve.htm|title=Sagoserve}}</ref>

[[Steel Authority of India|Salem Steel Plant]], a special steel unit of Steel Authority of India Ltd have their plant located in Salem which produces Cold rolled stainless steel and Hot rolled stainless steel/carbon steel. The plant can produce [[Austenitic stainless steel|Austenitic]], ferritic, [[Martensite]] and low-nickel stainless steel in the form of coils and sheets with an installed capacity of 70,000 tonnes/year in Cold Rolling Mill and 1,86,000 tonnes/year in Hot Rolling Mill. In addition, the plant has country's first top-of-the-line stainless steel blanking facility with a capacity of 3,600 tonnes/year of coin blanks and utility blanks/circles. Expansion and modernisation of Salem Steel Plant is ongoing. The plan envisages installation of Steel Melting and Continuous Casting facilities to produce 1,80,000 tonnes of slabs along with expansion of Cold Rolling Mill complex, enhancing the capacity of Cold Rolled Stainless Steel Products from 65,000 TPA to 146,000 TPA and an additional Roll Grinding Machine for Hot Rolling Mill for increasing production to 3,64,000 TPA. The total project area is 1130 acres and cost of the project is {{INR}} 17,800 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sail.co.in/pnu.php?tag=special_salem|title=Special_Salem|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902132018/http://sail.co.in/pnu.php?tag=special_salem|archive-date=2013-09-02}}</ref>

Southern Iron & Steel Company Ltd (joint venture with [[JSW Steel Ltd|JSW Steel]]) the first integrated steel plant of India at a cost of {{INR}} 22,350 million, located near Salem for the production of [[Thermomechanical processing|TMT]] corrosion resistant bars/alloy steels. The Salem plant is the largest special steel plant in India aims to develop the [[Kanjamalai]], Kavuthimalai and Vediappanmalai iron ore mines in Tamil Nadu on receipt of requisite approvals to improve raw material security. This will facilitate expansion of production capacity to 2 MTPA. It will also allow the unit to diversify into the production of value-added products such as annealed, drawn and peeled steel. The plant is continuously working to develop special grades for critical automotive applications<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jsw.in/companies/company_siscol.shtml|title=JSW Companies :Salem Works|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412184341/http://www.jsw.in/companies/company_siscol.shtml|archive-date=2013-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tidco.com/sisel.html|title=JSW Steels Ltd :TIDCO }}</ref>

The Madras Aluminium Company Ltd (MALCO) is part of [[Vedanta Resources]] Plc, a London Stock Exchange listed [[FTSE 100 Index|FTSE 100]] diversified metals and mining major. MALCO has a state-of-the-art, coal-based Captive Power Plant at the same location which was commissioned in the year 1999. In the year 2004 MALCO augmented its smelter capacity from earlier 25,000 TPA to 40,000 TPA. It generates 100 MW power from 4 units of 25MW each through power plant located at [[Mettur]], Tamil Nadu. Around 90% of the entire power generated is exported; the rest is used internally. Efficient plant operations enabled MALCO to achieve a higher plant load factor since existence.

The region around Salem is rich in mineral ores. Salem has one of the largest [[Magnesite]], [[Bauxite]] and also [[Iron ore]] deposits in [[India]]. It has many magnesite factories operated by private and public sectors such as [[Burn Standard Company|Burn Standard & Co]], [[Dalmia Group|Dalmia]] Magnesites and Tata Refractories, [[Steel Authority of India|SAIL]] refractories<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tnmine.tn.nic.in/TN-Mining.html#Magnesite |title=Dept.Geology and mining, TN}}</ref> The Leigh Bazaar market in Salem is the biggest regional market for agro products. Narasus coffee one of the famous coffee in Tamil Nadu, Nandhi Dall Mills the oldest flour mill company, BSP refineries (Usha Refined Sunflower Oil) are other few companies have their presence in Salem.

Being one of the fastest growing tier II cities, the [[Tamil Nadu government]] and [[Electronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu|ELCOT]] are planning to establish an IT park in Salem covering about {{convert|160|acre|km2}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://elcot.in/it-parks.php?page=2#4 |title=Tamilnadu Elcot Website |publisher=Elcot|access-date=26 September 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/01/stories/2006090103810500.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930235245/http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/01/stories/2006090103810500.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 September 2007 |title=Site for IT Park ideally situated |access-date=9 January 2006 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2006-09-01 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> SAIL is planning a Steel SEZ inside the Salem Steel plant covering about {{convert|250|acre|km2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.processregister.com/Salem_Steel_S_E_Z/Project/pid20353.htm|title=Site for IT Park ideally situated|access-date=26 September 2008}}</ref> There is an exclusive Electrical and Electronics Industrial Estate in the Suramangalam area of Salem city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tn.gov.in/policynotes/archives/policy2001-2/pbrsi6-e-2001-2.htm |title=Electrical and electronics industries|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu }}</ref> [[Coimbatore]]-[[Erode]]-Salem stretch was well known for Industries and Textile processings and it is announced as [[Coimbatore-Salem Industrial Corridor]] and further development works are carried by [[SIPCOT]] Linking.

==Places of interest==

*[[Yercaud]]
*[[Kurumbapatti Zoological Park]]
*[[Mettur Dam]]
*[[Tharamangalam Kailasanathar Temple]]
*[[Mecheri Bathrakali amman temple]]
*Poiman Karadu, Panamarathu patty
*[[Poolampatti|Poolampatty Water Place (Salem’s Kerala)]]
*[[Thanthondrieswarar Temple, Belur]]
*[[Attur Fort]]
*[[Koppu konda perumal malai, Pethanaickenpalayam]]
*[[Sankagiri Fort]]<ref>{{cite web|title=SALEM DISTRICT PROFILE 2017|url=https://static.s3waas.gov.in/s3c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c/uploads/2017/12/2017122971.|publisher=Salem District|access-date=8 February 2018}}</ref>
*[[Salem Ramanujar Manimandapam]], Erumapalayam
*[[Anayampatty Swedha Nadhi Gangavalli]], Gangavalli
*Salem Kottai maari Amman Temple, Old Bus stand
*Vinakaya Missions 1008 lingam Temple

==See also==
*[[List of districts of Tamil Nadu]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Salem district}}
{{EB1911 Poster|Salem (India)|Salem district}}
* [https://salem.nic.in/ Salem District]

{{Geographic Location
| title = '''Neighbouring districts and Towns Of Salem'''
|Northwest = [[Karnataka]] / [[Male Mahadeshwara Hills]] / [[Mettur Dam|Mettur dam, Salem]]
|North = [[Dharmapuri]]
|Northeast = [[Harur]]&[[Tiruvannamalai]]
|West = [[Erode]]
|Centre = [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]
|East = [[Villupuram]]
|Southwest = [[Tiruchengode]]
|South = [[Namakkal]]
|Southeast = [[Tiruchirapalli]] & [[Perambalur]]
}}
{{Salem District}}
{{Tamil Nadu}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Salem District}}
[[Category:Salem district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Tamil Nadu]]

Salem district - Revision history

150.129.101.74: robot: Update article

imported>Rdp060707: Reverted edits by 2409:4072:6D19:1006:8CB7:15F9:1AA:F14F (talk) to last revision by BD2412: not adhering to manual of style