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{{Short description|Taluka in South Goa, India}}
{{Distinguish|Salsette Island}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Salcete
| native_name = {{langx|kok|Saxtt}}
| other_name = {{langx|pt|Salçette}}
| settlement_type = [[Taluka]]
| image_skyline = File:Salcete_scenery.jpg
| image_alt = Idyllic scenery
| image_caption = Salcete countryside
| image_map = Salcete.png
| map_caption = Location of Salcete in [[South Goa district]] in Goa
| coordinates = {{Coord|15.212450|N|74.07323|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Goa]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[South Goa district|South Goa]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Margao]]
| parts_type = Settlements (as of 2011)
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 2 cities<br />11 towns<br />35 villages
| leader_title = Deputy Collector
| leader_name = Jyoti Kumari, IAS<ref name="web.archive.org">{{cite web |url=https://southgoa.nic.in/about-district/whos-who/ |title=Who's Who | South Goa District | India |website=southgoa.nic.in |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325183859/https://southgoa.nic.in/about-district/whos-who/ |archive-date=25 March 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituency]]
| population_total = 2,94,504
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_demonym = ''Saxtticar''/''Xaxtticar''
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Assembly constituency]]
| leader_title3 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| leader_title4 = [[Tehsildar|Talukadar]]<ref name="web.archive.org"/>
| leader_name4 = Prataprao Gaunkar
| official_name =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="sal"/>
| registration_plate = [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#GA—Goa|GA]]-08
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 4036XX, 4037XX
}}

'''Salcete''' is a subdivision of the district of [[South Goa district|South Goa]] in the state of [[Goa]], situated by the west coast of [[India]].<ref name="Xax">{{cite news
|last = Sequeira
|first = Newton
|date = 21 December 2014
|title = The true soul of Goa's South
|url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/The-true-soul-of-Goas-South/articleshow/45589608.cms
|work = [[The Times of India]]
|access-date = 16 April 2020
|archive-date = 8 December 2016
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161208220344/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/The-true-soul-of-Goas-South/articleshow/45589608.cms
|url-status = live
}}</ref> The [[Sal River (India)|Sal River]] and its [[Backwater (river)|backwaters]] dominate the landscape of Salcete.<ref>
{{cite book
| last = Nambirajan
| first = M.
| date = 2007
| title = Coastal Archaeology of Western India: With Special Reference to Goa
| page = 134
| publisher = Kaveri Books
| isbn = 9788174790798
}}
</ref> Historically, the sixty-six settlements south of the [[Zuari River]] formed the original Salcette territory.<ref>Rodrigues 1990, p. 231</ref> Salcete forms a part of the bigger [[Konkan]] region that stretches along the western shoreline of peninsular India.<ref>{{cite book|title=Gram Panchayats in Goa: A Critical Study|last=Halarnakar|first=Tanaji D.|publisher=Rajhauns Vitaran|year=1990|page=48}}</ref>

In erstwhile [[Portuguese India|Portuguese Goa]], the Salcette ''[[concelho]]'' (county), located in the ''[[Velhas Conquistas]]'' (Old Conquests), was co-terminous with the undivided Salcette territory ([[Mormugao taluka|Mormugao]] and Salcete ''[[Tehsil|talukas]]'').<ref>{{cite book|title=Houses of Goa|last1=Pandit|first1=Heta|author-link1=Heta Pandit|last2=Mascarenhas|first2=Annabel|last3=Koshy|first3=Ashok|last4=Dalvi|first4=Sunita|date=1999|publisher=Architecture Autonomous|edition=2, illustrated|page=15}}</ref> In 1917, the ''concelho'' was bifurcated into the present-day ''talukas'' of Mormugao and Salcete.<ref name="mmg">
{{cite book
| last = Pinho
| first = Vasco
| date = 2007
| title = "Snapshots" of Indo-Portuguese history, Volume 1
| page = 122
}}
</ref> The contemporary Salcete ''taluka'' has been classified as a [[rural–urban fringe|rurban area]].<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/Exploring-Salcete-places-near-Margao/gs51976512.cms
| title = Exploring Salcete, places near Margao
| last = Deshpande
| first = Abhijeet
| website = [[Indiatimes.com]]
| publisher = [[The Times Group]]
| access-date = 30 November 2019
| archive-date = 29 April 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210429004553/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/Exploring-Salcete-places-near-Margao/gs51976512.cms
| url-status = live
}}</ref> [[Margao]] serves as the administrative headquarters of both Salcete ''taluka'' and the South Goa district.<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/margao/travel-guide/margao-the-cultural-capital-of-goa/amp_guideshow/51893878.cms
| title = Margao, the cultural capital of Goa
| last = Deshpande
| first = Abhijeet
| website = [[Indiatimes.com]]
| publisher = [[The Times Group]]
| access-date = 30 November 2019
| archive-date = 22 December 2018
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181222111837/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/margao/travel-guide/margao-the-cultural-capital-of-goa/amp_guideshow/51893878.cms
| url-status = live
}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
"Salcete" is the [[Portuguese Orthographic Reform of 1911|modern Portuguese spelling]] of the toponym, "Salcette" being now considered [[Archaism|archaic]] in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], but still enjoying use in English. This word, "Salcette", has been derived from {{Langx|gom|सासष्टी|translit=Sāsaṣṭī}}—a corruption of the {{Langx|sa|षट्षष्टि|lit=Sixty-six|translit=Ṣaṭṣaṣṭi}} {{efn|name=fn1}}.<ref>
{{cite book
| last = Macdonell
| first = Arthur Anthony
| title = A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout
| location = [[London]]
| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
| date = 1929
| page = [https://dsalsrv04.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/macdonell_query.py?page=168&display=romutfdef 168]
}}
</ref> According to the [[Hindu mythology]] of the Konkan, the original sixty-six settlements of the Salcette territory were established by sixty-six [[Saraswat Brahmin]] clans who had emigrated here from [[North India]].<ref>
{{cite book
| last = De Souza
| first = Teotonio R.
| editor-last = De Souza
| editor-first = Teotonio R.
| title = Goa Through The Ages: An Economic History, Volume II, Issue VI
| series = Goa University Publication
| page = 6
| date = 1990
| publisher = Concept Publishing Company
| isbn = 9788170222590
}}
</ref> In Goan Konkani, the natives are referred to as ''Saxtticar'' or ''Xaxtticar''; {{lang|gom|साष्टीकार}}/{{lang|gom|षाष्टीकार}}; {{transliteration|gom|Sāṣṭīkār/Ṣāṣṭīkār}}.<ref name="Xax"/> The Salcete Konkani dialect of southern Goa known as "Saxtti" is notably different from the "Antruzi" ([[Ponda taluka|Ponda]]) and "Bardescari" ([[Bardez]]) dialects of northern Goa.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Fernandes
| first = Joaquim
| date = 15 February 2010
| title = Saxtti dialect draws the laughs on Konkani stage
| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Saxtti-dialect-draws-the-laughs-on-Konkani-stage/articleshow/5574578.cms
| work = [[The Times of India]]
| publisher = [[The Times Group]]
| access-date = 30 November 2019
| archive-date = 22 July 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160722122214/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Saxtti-dialect-draws-the-laughs-on-Konkani-stage/articleshow/5574578.cms
| url-status = live
}}</ref>

== History ==
{{see also|Adil Shahi-Portuguese conflicts}}
King Viramarmadeva of the [[Kadamba dynasty]] issued a [[Indian copper plate inscriptions|copper-plate inscription]] in 1049 CE concerning a grant of a piece of land called ''Tudukapura'' in ''Kudtarika agrahara'' of ''Chhat sathi desha''. This inscription suggests that ''Chhat sathi'' refers to modern Salcete, known as "''Sāṣṭī''" in the local language.<ref>
Kadamb 2013, pp. 1–14
</ref>

== Salcette territory ==
=== Historical Salcette ===
The original sixty-six settlements of Salcette are as follows:<ref>Rodrigues 1990, p. 245</ref>

{{Div col|content=<ol start="1">
<li> Sernabatim </li>
<li> Vanelim </li>
<li> Colva </li>
<li> Seraulim </li>
<li> Gandaulim </li>
<li> Duncolim </li>
<li> Betalbatim </li>
<li> Nuvem </li>
<li> Calata </li>
<li> Gonsua </li>
<li> Majorda </li>
<li> Utorda </li>
<li> Nagoa </li>
<li> Verna </li>
<li> Loutulim </li>
<li> Camurlim </li>
<li> Ambora </li>
<li> Raia </li>
<li> Rachol </li>
<li> Curtorim </li>
<li> Nesai </li>
<li> Macasana </li>
<li> Guirdolim </li>
<li> Chandor </li>
<li> Cavorim </li>
<li> Paroda </li>
<li> Mulem </li>
<li> Sarzora </li>
<li> Talvorda </li>
<li> Veroda </li>
<li> Cuncolim </li>
<li> Betul </li>
<li> Velim </li>
<li> Ambelim</li>
<li> Assolna </li>
<li> Cavelossim </li>
<li> Chinchinim </li>
<li> Deussua </li>
<li> Carmona </li>
<li> [[Orlim, Goa|Orlim]] </li>
<li> Varca </li>
<li> Sirlim </li>
<li> Dramapur </li>
<li> Dicarpale </li>
<li> Davorlim </li>
<li> Aquem </li>
<li> Telaulim </li>
<li> Navelim </li>
<li> Margao </li>
<li> Benaulim </li>
<li> Adsuli </li>
<li> Cana </li>
<li> Mormugao </li>
<li> Vadem </li>
<li> Chicalim </li>
<li> Dabolim </li>
<li> Sancoale </li>
<li> Cortalim </li>
<li> Quelossim </li>
<li> Cuelim </li>
<li> Arossim </li>
<li> Cansaulim </li>
<li> Velsao </li>
<li> Pale </li>
<li> Issorcim </li>
<li> Chilcona </li>
</ol>|colwidth=20em}}

=== Contemporary Salcete ===
[[File:Rural Goa home environs.jpg|thumb|right|Environs typical of houses in rural Salcete]]
Salcete taluka comprises nine [[Comunidades of Goa|''comunidades'']]: Benaulim, Betalbatim, Colva, Curtorim, Loutolim, Margao, Nuvem, Raia, and Verna.

The sub-district consists of two cities, eleven towns, and thirty-five villages as per the [[2011 Census of India]].

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| Salcete Taluka (Census 2011)<ref name="sal">{{Cite web
| last = Chandramouli
| first = C.
| date = 2015
| orig-year = 2010–11
| title = Salcete Taluka — South Goa
| work = Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India
| publisher = [[Government of India]]
| agency = Census Organization of India
| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/5616-salcete-south-goa-goa.html
| access-date = 12 December 2019
| archive-date = 15 December 2019
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191215000709/http://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/5616-salcete-south-goa-goa.html
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
|-
!# !!Settlements !!Population
|-
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| Municipal Councils
|-
| 1. || [[Margao]] || 87,650
|-
| 2. || [[Cuncolim]] || 16,623
|-
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| Census Towns
|-
| 1. || [[Davorlim]] || 15,350
|-
| 2. || [[Curtorim]] || 12,886
|-
| 3. || [[Navelim]] || 12,323
|-
| 4. || [[Benaulim]] || 11,919
|-
| 5. || [[Raia, Goa|Raia]] || 10,706
|-
| 6. || [[São José de Areal]] || 10,229
|-
| 7. || [[Nuvem]] || 9,288
|-
| 8. || [[Chinchinim]] || 6,908
|-
| 9. || [[Verna, Goa|Verna]] || 6,632
|-
| 10. || [[Aquem]] || 6,511
|-
| 11. || [[Varca]] || 5,439
|-
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| Villages
|-
| 1. || Adsulim || 214
|-
| 2. || [[Ambelim, Goa|Ambelim]] || 2,853
|-
| 3. ||[[Assolna]]|| 3,410
|-
| 4. || Betalbatim || 3,551
|-
| 5. || Calata || 1,739
|-
| 6. ||[[Camurlim]]|| 2,247
|-
| 7. || Cana || 494
|-
| 8. ||[[Carmona, Goa|Carmona]]|| 3,864
|-
| 9. ||[[Cavelossim]]|| 1,955
|-
| 10. || Cavorim || 2,228
|-
| 11 ||[[Chandor]]|| 707
|-
| 12. ||[[Colva]]|| 3,141
|-
| 13. || Deussua || 1,479
|-
| 14. || Dicarpale || 3,057
|-
| 15. ||[[Dramapur]]|| 3,441
|-
| 16. || Duncolim || 748
|-
| 17. || Gandaulim || 438
|-
| 18. || Gonsua || 222
|-
| 19. || Guirdolim || 3,622
|-
| 20. ||[[Loutolim]]|| 6,121
|-
| 21. || Macasana || 1,972
|-
| 22. ||[[Majorda]]|| 2,813
|-
| 23. || Mulem || 2,799
|-
| 24. ||[[Nagoa]]|| 3,873
|-
| 25. || Orlim || 2,049
|-
| 26. || Paroda || 620
|-
| 27. ||[[Rachol]]|| 1,686
|-
| 28. ||[[Sarzora]]|| 2,270
|-
| 29. || Seraulim || 3,250
|-
| 30. || Sernabatim || 1,548
|-
| 31. || Sirlim || 845
|-
| 32. || Talaulim || 2,911
|-
| 33. || Utorda || 2,018
|-
| 34. || Vanelim || 1,860
|-
| 35. ||[[Velim, Goa|Velim]]|| 5,955
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:right;"|Total
|2,94,504
|}

== Demographics ==
At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], Salcete had a population of 294,464 with sex ratio of 1025 females to 1000 males. Salcete Taluka has an average literacy rate of 89.34%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 92.63% and female literacy is 86.15%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 1.17% and 11.06% of the population respectively. 72.15% of the population lives in urban areas.<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – South Goa |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/370/download/1128/DH_2011_3002_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH_GOA.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

===Religion===
{{bar box
| title = Religion in Salcete Taluka (2011)<ref name="Religion"/>
| titlebar = #Fcd116
| left1 = Religion
| right1 = Percent
| float = left
| bars =
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Goa|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|53.57}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Goa|Hinduism]]|darkorange|34.61}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|11.38}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.44}}
| caption =
}}

[[Christianity]] is followed by the majority of population of Salcete Taluka, and forms over 75% of the population in rural areas. [[Hindus]] form a significant minority. At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]] 53.57% of the population of the Taluka followed Christianity, 34.61% Hinduism, 11.38% Islam and 0.19% of the population followed other religions or did not state religion.<ref name="Religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Goa |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11372/download/14485/DDW30C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

===Languages===

Konkani is the most spoken language in Salcete taluka.

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages of Salcete Taluka (2011)<ref name="langs"/>
|label1 = [[Konkani language|Konkani]] |value1 = 71.73 |color1 = salmon
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 10.52 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value3 = 4.65 |color3 = red
|label4 = [[Kannada]] |value4 = 3.82 |color4 = darkslateblue
|label5 = [[Urdu]] |value5 = 3.20 |color5 = green
|label6 = Others |value6 = 6.08 |color6 = grey
}}

At the time of 2011 Census of India, 71.73% of the population of Salcete Taluka spoke [[Konkani language|Konkani]], 10.52% [[Hindi]], 4.65% [[Marathi language|Marathi]], 3.82% [[Kannada]] and 3.20% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref name="langs">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Goa |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10202/download/13314/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-3000.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist
|refs=
{{efn|name=fn1|
{{quote|Founded as they seem to be by immigrant Brahmins somewhere between the 4th and the 12th centuries of the present era ... Salcete is the Portuguese corruption of ''Sāsaṣṭi'', the sixty-six settlements which can also be traced in modern times.| Kosambi 1962, p. [https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12695/page/n185 169]}}
}}
}}

== Citations ==
{{reflist}}

=== References ===
*{{cite book
| last = Kadamb
| first = S. G.
| title = Sources of History of the Kadambas of Goa: Inscriptions
| date = 2013
| publisher = Broadway Publishing House
| isbn = 9789380837314
| pages = 1–14
| edition = First
}}
*{{cite book
| last = Kosambi
| first = Damodar Dharmanand
| title = Myth and Reality: Studies in the Formation of Indian Culture
| edition = reprint
| publisher = Popular Prakashan
| date = 1962
| isbn = 9788171548705
}}
* {{cite book
| editor-last = Kusuman
| editor-first = K. K.
| date = 1990
| title = A Panorama of Indian Culture: Professor A. Sreedhara Menon Felicitation Volume
| last = Rodrigues
| first = L. A.
| chapter = The Peninsula of Salcete
| pages = 231–246
| publisher = Mittal Publications
| isbn = 9788170992141
}}

=== External links ===
{{commons category|Salcete}}
*[http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/181-south-goa.html South Goa District : Census 2011 data]

{{Goa topics}}

[[Category:Talukas of Goa]]
[[Category:Geography of South Goa district]]

Salcete taluka - Revision history

Arpan1314: put up new info