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{{Short description|Arabic phrase which contains the salutation upon the prophet of Islam}}
{{other uses}}
{{italic title}}
{{multiple issues|{{Religious text primary|date=December 2017}}
{{tone|date=May 2018}}}}
{{Muhammad}}

'''''Salawat''''' ({{lang-ar|صَلَوَات}}, ''{{transl|ar|ṣalawāt}}'' {{Singular}} ''[[salat]]''; also referred to as ''divine blessings on Muhammad'', ''durood shareef'' or ''durood-e-Ibrahim'') or '''Durood''' ([[Persian language|Persian]]/{{Lang-ur|{{unq|دُرُوْد}}}}) is an [[Islamic]] complimentary [[Arabic]] phrase which contains [[Veneration for Muhammad]]. This phrase is usually expressed by the [[Muslim]]s as part of their five times [[Salah|daily prayer]]s (usually during the [[tashahhud]]) and also when Muhammad's name is mentioned.<ref name="Zubair 2017">{{cite web | last=Zubair | first=Khwaja Mohammed | title=Salutations on our dear Prophet | website=Khaleej Times | date=2017-05-31 | url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/ramadan-2017/salutations-on-our-dear-prophet | access-date=2021-09-17}}</ref><ref>"Muhammad, Shuaib ." Knowing the Certainty.e-book, 2010</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sholawat Ibrahimiyah Arab dan Terjemahan, Bacaan Sholawat Nabi Paling Utama |url=https://surabaya.tribunnews.com/2023/06/20/sholawat-ibrahimiyah-arab-dan-terjemahan-bacaan-sholawat-nabi-paling-utama |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=Surya.co.id |language=id-ID}}</ref>

''Salawat'' is a plural form of ''[[salat]]'' ({{lang-ar|صَلَاة}}) and from the [[triliteral root]] of ''ṣ-l-w'' the letters "ṣād-lām-wāw" ({{lang|ar|ص ل و}}) which means "prayer" or "salutation".<ref>"Abbas Jaffer, Masuma Jaffer." T Quranic Science. ICAN Press, 2009</ref>

Arabic philologists hold the view that the meaning of the word ''salawat'' would vary according to who has used the word, and to whom it is used for.<ref name="muḥammad1975">{{cite book |title=A critical introduction to modern Arabic poetry |first=Badawī|last=Muḥammad Muṣṭafá|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year= 1975}}</ref>

==Significance==
In Islam, when a Muslim or [[Angels in Islam|Islamic angels]] (malā'ikah) recite salawat, it means they are sending it to the prophet and are showing Allah their respect for Muhammad, while when the same is sending upon prophet by Allah himself, it means he is blessed by Allah.<ref name="Zubair 2017" /> "When Muhammad sends Salawat upon the believers, it indicates his prayer for their welfare, blessing and salvation."<ref>"Seyed Mahmoud Madani" Special Salawaat of the month of Sha'aban. Ansariyan,2014</ref>

Muhammad was also reported saying: "The meanest person is he who does not invoke Salawat upon me when my name is mentioned in his presence."<ref>"Muhammad Imran" Path of paradise. Islamic Book Centre,1900</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/48/177 |title=Jami' at-Tirmidhi 3546 - Chapters on Supplication - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |publisher=Sunnah.com |date= |accessdate=2022-08-22}}</ref>

Ibn Asakri transmitted from al-Hasan bin Ali that Muhammad said: "Invoke more Salawat upon me, for your invocation is conducive to your sins being forgiven. And pray for me a high status and intercession, for surely my intercession will plead in your favour before Allah."<ref name="muḥammad1975" />

According to [[Ja'far al-Sadiq]], Muhammad said: "All supplications to Allah will remain in a veil from the sky until a Salawat is sent to Mohammad PBUH and his Household."<ref>{{cite book |title=Scale of wisdom |first=Rayshahri|last=Muḥammad|publisher=British Library|year= 2008}}</ref> In another tradition, Ja'far al-Sadiq was quoted that: "Whoever sends Salawat on the Prophet PBH and his Household means 'I am standing on the promise that I gave when Allah asked me, 'Am I not your lord? And I answered yes you are.'"<ref>"Muhammad Ameen" Al-Burhan (The conclusve proof).Maktaba Subah-e-Noor, 1995</ref>

==Salawat contents==
[[File:Mohamed peace be upon him.jpg|thumb|220px|"Blessings of Allah be upon him and his household and peace" ({{lang|ar|صَلَّىٰ ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ}}]]
One Salawat recommended by Muhammad is:

ʾAllāhumma ṣalli ʿalā Muḥammadin wa ʿalā ʾāli Muḥammadin kamā ṣallayta ʿalā ʾIbrāhīma wa ʿalā ʾāli ʾIbrāhīma ʾinnaka Ḥamīdun Majīdun ʾAllāhumma bārik ʿalā Muḥammadin wa ʿalā ʾāli Muḥammadin kamā bārakta ʿalā ʾIbrāhīma wa ʿalā ʾāli ʾIbrāhīma ʾinnaka Ḥamīdun Majīdun
{{verse translation |lang=ar |rtl1=yes |italicsoff=yes
|
ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ ٱللَّٰهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ
|
Allah, sanctify Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as you have sanctified Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Truly, You are Praiseworthy and Glorious. Allah, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as you have blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Truly, You are Praiseworthy and Glorious.<ref>"Abdul Razaq.O.Kilani" Minaret in the delta. J.J.I,2008</ref>
}}

Muhammad was also reported to have said: "Do not invoke incomplete salawat upon me". His [[Sahabah]] asked him: "What is incomplete salawat?" He replied them: "When you say: 'O Allah, send blessing to Muhammad' and then stop on that. Rather say: ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ 'O Allah! send Your blessing to Muhammad and the progeny of Muhammad."<ref>"Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din" The right path. The University of Michigan.</ref>

===Variants of Salawat===
There are several variant phrases of Salawat that may be used. The most common phrases are:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:33.3%;"| Arabic || style="width:33.3%;"| Transliteration <hr> [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] || style="width:33.3%;"| Phrase
|-
|ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ|| ʾallāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾāli muḥammad{{smallsup|in}} <hr> /ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din/ || O God, send blessings upon Muhammad and the [[Ahl al-Bayt|Progeny of Muhammad]].
|-
|ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ|| ʾallāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾalā ʾāli muḥammad{{smallsup|in}} <hr> /ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕa.laː ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din/ || O God, send blessings upon Muhammad and upon the Progeny of Muhammad.
|-
|ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ وَسَلِّمْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ|| ʾallāhumma ṣalli wa-sallim ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾalā ʾāli muḥammad{{smallsup|in}} <hr> /ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li wa.sal.lim ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕa.laː ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din/ || O God, send blessings and peace upon Muhammad and upon the Progeny of Muhammad.
|-
|ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ وَسَلِّمْ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ|| ʾallāhumma ṣalli wa-sallim wa-bārik ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾalā ʾāli muḥammad{{smallsup|in}} <hr> /ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li wa.sal.lim wa.baː.rik ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕa.laː ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din/ || O God, send blessings and peace and benediction upon Muhammad and upon the Progeny of Muhammad.
|-
|ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ وَسَلِّمْ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ أَجْمَعِينَ وَعَلىٰ جَمِيعِ ٱلْمَلَائِكَةِ وَجَمِيعِ ٱلْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَٱلْمُرْسَلِينَ وَٱلشُّهَدَاءِ وَٱلصِّدِّيقِينَ وَجَمِيعِ عِبَادِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلصَّالِحِينَ || ʾallāhumma ṣalli wa-sallim wa-bārik ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾalā ʾāli muḥammadin ʾajmaʿīna wa-ʿalā jamīʿi l-malāʾikati wa-jamīʿi l-ʾanbiyāʾi wa-l-mursalīna wa-š-šuhadāʾi wa-ṣ-ṣiddīqīna wa-jamīʿi ʿibādi -llāhi ṣ-ṣāliḥīn{{smallsup|a}} <hr> /ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li wa.sal.lim wa.baː.rik ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕa.laː ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din ʔad͡ʒ.ma.ʕiː.na wa.ʕa.laː d͡ʒa.miː.ʕi‿l.ma.laː.ʔi.ka.ti wa.d͡ʒa.miː.ʕi‿l.ʔan.bi.jaː.ʔi wal.mur.sa.liː.na waʃ.ʃu.ha.daː.ʔi wasˤ.sˤid.diː.qiː.na wa.d͡ʒa.miː.ʕi ʕi.baː.di‿l.laː.hi‿sˤ.sˤaː.li.ħiː.na/ || O God, send blessings and peace and benediction upon Muhammad and upon the Progeny of Muhammad [[The Fourteen Infallible|all together]], and upon all of the Angels, and [upon] all of the Prophets, Messengers, martyrs and truthful ones, and [upon] all of the righteous servants of God.
|-
|ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَجِّلْ لِوَلِيِّكَ ٱلْفَرَجَ وَٱلْعَافِيَةَ وَٱلنَّصْرَ|| ʾallāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾāli muḥammadin wa-ʿajjil li-walīyika l-faraja wa-l-ʿāfiyata wa-n-naṣr{{smallsup|a}} <hr> /ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕad͡ʒ.d͡ʒil li.wa.liː.ji.ka‿l.fa.ra.d͡ʒa wal.ʕaː.fi.ja.ta wan.nasˤ.ra/ || O God, bless Muhammad and the Progeny of Muhammad, and hasten the [[Major Occultation|alleviation]] of your vicegerent (i.e. [[Hujjat-Allah al-Mahdi|Imam Mahdi]]), and grant him vitality and victory. {{small|(Usually recited by Shia Muslims)}}
|-
|ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَجِّلْ فَرَجَهُمْ|| ʾallāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾāli muḥammadin wa-ʿajjil farajahum <hr> /ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕad͡ʒ.d͡ʒil fa.ra.d͡ʒa.hum/ || O God, bless Muhammad and the Progeny of Muhammad, and hasten their alleviation. {{small|(Usually recited by Shia Muslims)}}
|-
|ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَجِّلْ فَرَجَهُمْ وَٱلْعَنْ أَعْدَاءَهُمْ|| ʾallāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾāli muḥammadin wa-ʿajjil farajahum wa-lʿan ʾaʿdāʾahum <hr> /ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕad͡ʒ.d͡ʒil fa.ra.d͡ʒa.hum wal.ʕan ʔaʕ.daː.ʔa.hum/ || O God, bless Muhammad and the Progeny of Muhammad, and hasten their alleviation and curse their enemies. {{small|(Usually recited by Shia Muslims)}}
|}

== Supposed benefits ==
It is said that whoever sends 10 Salawat upon Muhammad and [[Ahl al-Bayt|his household]] will be sent a thousand Salawat by God and his angels, and whoever sends 1,000 Salawat upon Muhammad and his household will not be affected by the fire of [[Jahannam|hell]].<ref>{{cite book|author= Muhammad Rayshahri|title= Scale of wisdom|publisher= ICAS press}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated2003" />

Sending Salawat upon Muhammad and his progeny is said to pave way for his intercession on the [[Judgement Day in Islam|judgement day]],<ref>{{cite book|author= Prof Ramazan AYNALLI|title= My Beloved prophet|year= 2015}}</ref> serve as a compensation for sins,<ref name="autogenerated2003">{{cite book|author= Muhammad Baqir Ibn Muhammad Taqqi Majilisi|title= Hayat Al-Qulub|year=2003|publisher= Ansariyan publication}}</ref> and to be the most weighty deed on the scale of deeds.<ref>{{cite book|author= Sayyid Hussein Alamdar|title=Self Building|year=2014|publisher= Amazon}}</ref> Salawat upon Muhammad and his households is said to lead to the affection of God and his messenger,<ref>{{cite book|author= The University of Michigan|title= Mahjubah-vol.24|year=2009|publisher= Amazon}}</ref> to purify deeds,<ref name="autogenerated2008">{{cite book|author= Muhammad Ibn Abd al Rahman |title= Salat & Salam |year=2008|publisher= White Thread press}}</ref> and to serve as the light in the grave, [[As-Sirāt]] bridge and [[Jannah|Paradise]].<ref>{{cite book|author= Alamah Muhammad Baqir Al-Majilisi|title= Ain-Al-Hayat;The Essence of life|year=2014|publisher= Createspace Independence}}</ref>

Salawat is said to be one of the best deeds on Friday,<ref name="autogenerated2008" /> and is said to lighten and open the heart.<ref>{{cite book |author=Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani |title=Salawat of tremendous blessings |publisher=Islamic Supreme Council of America |year=2012}}</ref>

Reciting Salawat aloud is said to vanish hypocrisy,<ref>{{cite book|author= Ahmad Muhani|title= Al-Sahifah Al-Sajjadiyyah|year=2010|publisher= Islamic propagation organization}}</ref> and continuous recitation of Salawat is said to fulfil one's worldly and heavenly wants (supplication).<ref>{{cite book |author=Hamza Yusuf |title=Purification of heart |publisher=Amazon |year=2012}}</ref>

== Unicode ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="6"|Unicode
|-
!encoding utf-8
!sign
!name unicode
!transcription
!Arabic
!English
|-
|<code>&#65018;</code>
|{{huge|ﷺ}}
|Arabic sign SALLALLAHOU ALAYHE WASSALLAM
|SallAllahu alayhi was
Sallam
|صَلَّىٰ ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ
|Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him
|}

==See also==
{{columns-list|
* [[Salat al-Fatih]]
* [[Ahl al-Bayt]]
* [[Ahl al-Kisa]]
* [[Twelve Imams]]
* [[The Fourteen Infallibles|Fourteen Infallibles]]
* [[Ya Muhammad]]
* [[Dhikr]]
* [[Peace be upon him]]
* [[Madih nabawi]]
* [[Nasheed]]
* [[Dala'il al-Khayrat]]

}}

==Reference==
{{reflist}}

{{Sufism terminology}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Commons category}}

[[Category:Muhammad]]
[[Category:Hadith]]
[[Category:Islamic terminology]]
[[Category:Sufism]]
[[Category:Religious formulas]]

Salawat - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article