Ayman: Added the stub basic info - done

2025-08-01T17:16:59Z

Added the stub basic info - done

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{{Short description|Ancient settlement in Pakistan}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Śalātura
| name =
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline =
| imagesize = 240px
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| mapsize = 150 px
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|34|2|54.5|N|72|21|56.1|E|region:PK_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = Pakistan#Gandhara#Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_mapsize =
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| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Pakistan}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Subdivisions of Pakistan|Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[subdivisions of Pakistan| District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Swabi]]
| population_total =
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| population_footnotes =
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| elevation_m = 308
| elevation_m_min =
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| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| blank_name_sec2 = Number of [[Union councils of Pakistan|Union councils]]
| blank_info_sec2 = 2
| area_code =
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| timezone1 = [[Pakistan Standard Time|PST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Śalātura''' was the birthplace of [[ancient Indian]] [[Sanskrit]] [[Sanskrit grammarian|grammarian]] [[Pāṇini]], regarded as the earliest known grammarian whose work has survived into modern times.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=2_VbnWkZ-SYC&q=salatura&pg=PA88 Grammatical Literature, History of Indian literature, Volume 2; Volume 5 of Scientific and technical literature : Pt. 2.; Fasc. 2, Hartmut Scharfe, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1977 p. 88]</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bakshi |first1=S. R. |title=Early Aryans to Swaraj |date=2005 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=9788176255370 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Q6sU7dUap1oC/page/n55 47] |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Q6sU7dUap1oC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ninan |first1=M. M. |title=The Development of Hinduism |date=2008 |publisher=Madathil Mammen Ninan |isbn=9781438228204 |page=97 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-8RTZcjg9awC&pg=PA97 |language=en}}</ref> In an inscription by Siladitya VII of [[Valabhi]], Pāṇini is referred to as ''Śalāturiya'', meaning "man from Śalātura". This suggests that Pāṇini lived in Śalātura, an ancient city in [[Gandhara]], likely near modern-day [[Lahor]], [[Pakistan]],<ref>Sometimes referred to as Chota Lahore to distinguish it from [[Lahore]]</ref> a small town situated at the confluence of [[Indus River|Indus]] and [[Kabul River]]s in the [[Swabi District|Swabi district]] of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa]], 20 miles northwest of the [[Attock Bridge]].<ref name=harmut88>{{cite book|author=Hartmut Scharfe|title=Grammatical Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2_VbnWkZ-SYC&pg=PA88|year=1977|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-01706-0|pages=88 with footnotes}}</ref>

[[File:Birch bark MS from Kashmir of the Rupavatra Wellcome L0032691.jpg|thumb|260px|A 17th-century birch bark manuscript of a text based on Pāṇini's grammar from Kashmir]]
According to the CE 646 book ''[[Great Tang Records on the Western Regions]]'' (大唐西域記) of 7th-century [[Chinese scholar]] [[Xuanzang]], there was a town called ''Suoluoduluo'' on the [[Indus]] where Pāṇini was born, and he composed the ''Qingming-lun'' (Sanskrit: [[Vyākaraṇa]]).<ref name=harmut88/><ref>{{Citation | editor-last = Singh | editor-first = Nagendra Kr. | title = Encyclopaedia of Hinduism | pages = 1983–2007 | isbn = 978-81-7488-168-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Vl8_VgikeLcC&q=statue&pg=PA1988 | year = 1997 | publisher = Centre for International Religious Studies : Anmol Publications | location = New Delhi}}</ref><ref name="arapv">{{cite book | first=Giridhar | last=Mishra | authorlink=Rambhadracharya | title=अध्यात्मरामायणेऽपाणिनीयप्रयोगाणां विमर्शः | trans-title=Deliberation on non-Paninian usages in the Adhyatma Ramayana | publisher=Sampurnanand Sanskrit University | place=Varanasi, India | language=Sanskrit | year=1981 | chapter=प्रस्तावना | trans-chapter=Introduction | chapter-url=http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/arapv/prastavana.php | accessdate=21 May 2013 | archive-date=11 March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311211052/https://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/arapv/prastavana.php | url-status=dead }}</ref> He mentioned that a statue of Panini was in existence there.<ref>On Yuan Chwang's travels in India, 629–645 A.D., Watters, Thomas, London, Royal Asiatic Society p. 222</ref>
[[File:Xuan Zang Statue.jpg|thumb|260px| Xuan Zang Statue at Longmen Grottoes, Luoyang, China]]
<blockquote>
Within the city of F'o (or Sha)-lo-tu-lo was a tope where an arhat had converted a disciple of Panini. Five hundred
years after the Buddha's decease a great arhat from [[Kashmir]] in his travels as an apostle arrived at this place. Here he saw a brahmin teacher chastising a young pupil : in reply to the arhat's question the teacher said he beat the boy for not making progress in etymology. The arhat smiled pleasantly and in explanation said — You must have heard of the treatise on Etymology made by the rishi Panini and given by him to the world for its instruction. The brahmin replied— "He was a native of this city; his disciples admire his excellences, and his image is still here". To this the arhat answered — This boy of yours is that rishi. He added that in his previous existence Panini had devoted all his energies to worldly learning but that from some good Karma he was now the teacher's son.
</blockquote>

Panini describes in great detail the local accents used for the names of wells north and south of [[Beas River|Vipasha]] (modern [[Beas]]) river. He also mentions the [[Yavana]]s, which is taken to be [[Greeks]] ([[Ionians|Ionian]]s).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lal |first1=Shyam Bihari |title=Yavanas in the Ancient Indian Inscriptions |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=2004 |volume=65 |pages=1115–1120 |jstor=44144820 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref>

Prof. [[Ahmad Hasan Dani]], the late [[Pakistani]] Sanskritist stated in a letter that the village has shifted and the old village was 3km to the west of the main road, where there was a big mound in ancient times. The mound has since been levelled down.<ref>[Panini, Saroja Bhate, Sahitya Akademi, 202, p. 4]</ref>

==Region==
The region is well known for ancient remains. The [[Bakhshali manuscript]] was found in nearby [[Bakhshali]] which is 23 miles.<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/dir/34%C2%B002%E2%80%B254%E2%80%B3N+72%C2%B021%E2%80%B256%E2%80%B3E/34.2833333,72.15/@34.1658723,72.115159,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m7!4m6!1m3!2m2!1d72.3655556!2d34.0483333!1m0!3e2 Map Route from Bakhshali to Salatur]</ref> The route passes through [[Shahbaz Garhi]] which has an Ashokan inscription.

Nearby was the Udhabandhapur or Waihind, the [[Hindu Shahi|Shahi]] capital until 1001, which is about 18 miles<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/dir/34%C2%B02%E2%80%B254.5%E2%80%B3N+72%C2%B021%E2%80%B256.1%E2%80%B3E/Attock+Khurd,+Pakistan/@33.971017,72.2165625,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m13!4m12!1m3!2m2!1d72.3655833!2d34.0484722!1m5!1m1!1s0x38df20b14388d73f:0x53f749b1184573f7!2m2!1d72.2408204!2d33.8932154!3e2!4e1 Map route]</ref>

The language Panini has described came to be regarded as the standard Sanskrit, Panini himself did not use the term. The [[Kaushitaki Brahmana]] states that “In the northern direction a more mature language is being spoken. Therefore, people go to the north to learn speech or they desire to listen to him who comes from that direction”.<ref>Saroja Bhate, Panini, p. 49</ref>

According to the scholars, Panini was primarily concerned with the north-western dialect of Sanskrit spoken during his period and secondarily with the Vedic language, he did mention other dialects which were spoken in the neighboring regions.

==See also==
*[[Bakhshali manuscript]]
*[[Attock Khurd]]
*[[Pushkalavati]]
*[[Taxila]]
*[[Hund, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Hund]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Swabi-Union-Councils}}
[[Category:Swabi District]]
{{improve categories|date=October 2024}}

Salatura - Revision history

Ayman: Added the stub basic info - done