BeauBasaldua8: further updated information after review and corrected details based on references

2026-02-18T22:21:14Z

further updated information after review and corrected details based on references

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Bot at 00:30, 30 November 2022

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>Inter&anthro: doesn't say it anywhere in the article, and no reference to back it up

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{{short description|Bangladeshi politician}}{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|image = Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury press conference 2010.jpg
|caption = Chowdhury at a 2010 press conference
|name = Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury
|native_name = সালাউদ্দিন কাদের চৌধুরী
|native_name_lang = bn
|office=[[Member of Parliament#Bangladesh|Member of Parliament]]
|term_start=25 January 2009
|term_end=24 January 2014
|predecessor=[[L. K. Siddiqi]]
|successor=[[Syed Nazibul Bashar Maizvandary]]
|constituency=[[Chittagong-2]]
|term_start1=19 March 1996
|term_end1=27 October 2006
|predecessor1=[[Md Yousuf]]
|successor1=[[Moin Uddin Khan Badal]]
|constituency1=[[Chittagong-7]]
|term_start2=5 March 1991
|term_end2=24 November 1995
|predecessor2=[[Ziauddin Ahmed Bablu]]
|successor2=[[Giasuddin Quader Chowdhury]]
|constituency2=[[Chittagong-6]]
|alma_mater = {{unbulleted list|[[Sadiq Public School]]|[[University of Punjab]]}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Bengali against executions of opposition leaders Imran Khan has sent a letter to the Prime Minister, Salah al-Din was evidence of innocence |url=http://www.newstime.jp/news/bengali-against-executions-of-opposition-leaders-imran-khan-has-sent-a-letter-to-the-prime-minister-salah-al-din-was-evidence-of-innocence |work=News Time |date=24 November 2015 |access-date=14 August 2016}}</ref>
|occupation = Politician
|father = [[Fazlul Quader Chowdhury]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|2015|11|22|1949|3|13|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Dhaka Central Jail]], [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh
|death_cause = Hanging (Capital punishment)
|birth_date = {{birth date|1949|3|13|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Chittagong]], [[East Bengal]], [[Dominion of Pakistan]]
|party = [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]
|resting_place = [[Raozan Upazila]], Chittagong
|spouse = Farhat Quader Chowdhury
|children = Farzin, Hummam and Fazlul
|relatives={{unbulleted list|[[Giasuddin Quader Chowdhury|Giasuddin]] (brother)|[[Salman F Rahman]] (cousin)}}
|nationality=Bangladeshi
}}

'''Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury''' (13 March 1949 – 22 November 2015) was a Bangladeshi politician, minister and six-term member of [[Jatiya Sangsad]] and member of the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] (BNP) [[Standing Committee]], who served as the adviser of parliamentary affairs to Prime Minister [[Khaleda Zia]] in from 2001 to 2006.<ref name=fe>{{cite news |title=Please spare his life, SQ Chy's family urges President |url=http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/search_index.php?news_id=3466&page=detail_news |newspaper=The Financial Express |location=Dhaka |date=6 July 2007 |access-date=20 April 2011}}</ref> On {{nowrap|1 October 2013}} he was convicted of 9 of 23 charges and sentenced to death by the [[International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)|International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh]] for crimes during the 1971 [[Bangladesh War of Independence]].<ref name=economist/><ref name=bbc>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh MP Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury to hang for war crimes |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-24344868 |work=BBC News |date=1 October 2013 |access-date=1 October 2013}}</ref><ref name=Bartrop>{{cite book |last=Bartrop |first=Paul R. |date=2012 |title=A Biographical Encyclopedia of Contemporary Genocide |publisher=ABC-CLIO |page=374 |isbn=978-0313386787}}</ref> He was put to death by hanging in Dhaka on 22 November 2015.<ref name=economist/>

==Early life==
Chowdhury was born on 13 March 1949 in Gahira village.<ref name="bangla.bdnews24.com">{{cite news |script-title=bn:ঔদ্ধত্যের আরেক নাম সাকাচৌ |url=http://bangla.bdnews24.com/bangladesh/article1003463.bdnews |language=bn |newspaper=bdnews24.com}}</ref> He was from a political family of [[Raozan Upazila]] in erstwhile [[East Pakistan]]. His father, [[Fazlul Quader Chowdhury]], was a Speaker of [[Pakistan National Assembly]] and [[President of Pakistan|Acting President of Pakistan]] from time to time before the independence of Bangladesh.<ref name="august trial" /> He was the eldest among the six siblings.<ref name=maze/> He received his education from the boarding school, [[Sadiq Public School]] at [[Bahawalpur]], Pakistan.<ref name="august trial" />

==Political career==
Chowdhury was a member of the [[Jatiyo Sangshad|Bangladesh Parliament]].<ref name=mp>{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/9th_Parliament_MP%20List.pdf |title=9th Parliament MP List |website=Bangladesh Parliament |language=bn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806195805/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/9th_Parliament_MP%20List.pdf |archive-date=6 August 2009 |access-date=20 April 2011}}</ref> He was a member of the standing committee of [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP)]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.bnpbangladesh.com/standing-committee-2009-2016/ |title=Standing Committee |website=Bangladesh National Party (BNP) |access-date=2017-02-11}}</ref>

Chowdhury was a seven-term Member of Parliament, generally representing [[Rangunia Upazila|Rangunia]] and/or [[Boalkhali Upazila]]s, starting with constituency [[Chittagong-7]] in [[1979 Bangladeshi general election|1979]]. He was elected for [[Chittagong-6]] in 1986 and 1991.<ref name=91,96>{{cite news |title=SQ Chy feared Rangunia debacle |url=http://www.bdnews24.com/details.php?id=205095&cid=43 |newspaper=bdnews24.com |date=5 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030102701/http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=205095&cid=43 |archive-date=30 October 2012 |access-date=18 September 2011}}</ref> He was elected for Chittagong-7 again in [[June 1996 Bangladeshi general election|1996]],<ref name=91,96 /> and re-elected in [[2001 Bangladeshi general election|2001]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/M_P%20List-300.pdf |title=8th Parliament MP List |website=Bangladesh Parliament |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430051455/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/M_P%20List-300.pdf |archive-date=30 April 2011 |access-date=20 April 2011}}</ref> His final term, to which he was elected in [[2008 Bangladeshi general election|2008]], was for [[Chittagong-2]].<ref name=mp />

==War crimes trial==
Chowdhury was arrested 2011 from his "safe house" in [[Dhanmondi]] and questioned by the special branch of police,<ref>{{cite news |title=SQ Chy being quizzed at this 'safe house' |url=http://www.theindependentbd.com/national/48980-sq-chy-at-safe-home.html |newspaper=Independent |location=Dhaka |date=10 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524014404/http://www.theindependentbd.com/national/48980-sq-chy-at-safe-home.html |archive-date=24 May 2012 |access-date=29 August 2011 }}</ref> where he was reportedly tortured.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Klasra |first1=Rauf |date=19 December 2010 |title=Bitter past revived: Labelled traitor, an MP reminisces|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/91820/bitter-past-revived-labelled-traitor-an-mp-reminsces/ |newspaper=The Express Tribune |access-date=3 March 2016}}</ref> The trial for his involvements in the 1971 Bangladesh genocide were due to begin in August 2011.<ref name="august trial">{{cite news |title=SQ Chy's trial to begin in August: Quamrul |url=http://www.bdinn.com/news/sq-chy%E2%80%99s-trial-to-begin-in-august-quamrul/ |newspaper=BD Inn |date=14 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101073003/http://www.bdinn.com/news/sq-chy%E2%80%99s-trial-to-begin-in-august-quamrul/ |archive-date=1 November 2013 |access-date=29 August 2011}}</ref>

===War crime charges===
Among the charges submitted against Chowdhury in the International Crimes Tribunal were:<ref name=DT-1>{{cite news |title=Charges against SQ Chy |url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/law-amp-rights/2013/oct/01/charges-against-sq-chy |newspaper=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |date=1 October 2013 |access-date=1 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001064124/http://www.dhakatribune.com/law-amp-rights/2013/oct/01/charges-against-sq-chy |archive-date=1 October 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name=BDN-001>{{cite news |title=The charges against Salauddin Quader |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2013/10/01/the-charges-against-salauddin-quader |newspaper=[[bdnews24.com]] |date=1 October 2013 |access-date=1 October 2013}}</ref>
# Abduction of 7 Hindu minority and killing 6 of them on 4–5 April 1971.<ref name="do30Jul2015">{{cite news |title=Justice delayed, but not finally denied |url=http://www.observerbd.com/2015/07/30/101936.php |newspaper=The Daily Observer |location=Dhaka |access-date=27 January 2016}}</ref>
# Accompanying Pakistan army at the time of killing Maddhya Gohira Hindu Parha in Raozan on 13 April 1971.<ref>{{cite news |title=Salauddin |url=http://www.observerbd.com/2015/11/22/122171.php |newspaper=The Daily Observer |location=Dhaka |access-date=27 January 2016}}</ref>
# Killing Kundeshwari Oushadhalaya owner and social worker [[Nutan Chandra Singha]] 13 April 1971. His son testified at the trial.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nutan Chandra's son testifies against SQ Chy |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/war-crimes-trials/2012/06/20/nutan-chandra-s-son-testifies-against-sq-chy |newspaper=bdnews24.com |access-date=27 January 2016}}</ref>
# Accompanying Pakistan army in the killing of 32 people, arson, looting and raping.<ref name="do30Jul2015" />
# Complicity in the killing of Satish Chandra Palit on 14 April, burning his house, and the deportation of his family. Satish's son testified in court against Salahuddin Quader.<ref>{{cite news |title=Son testifies on father's killing |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/son-testifies-on-fathers-killing/ |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=27 January 2016}}</ref>
# Combined attack with Pakistan army to Hindu populated Shakhapura village at Boalkhali and killing 76 people.<ref name=BDN-001 />

===Trial===
During Chowdhury's trial the prosecution summoned 41 witnesses to testify while four were called in his defense.<ref name=economist>{{cite magazine |author= |title=Politics and death in Bangladesh: The noose tightens |url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21679230-opposition-floundering-sheikh-hasina-has-her-way-noose-tightens?zid=306&ah=1b164dbd43b0cb27ba0d4c3b12a5e227 |magazine=Economist |date=28 November 2015 |access-date=15 December 2015 }}</ref> Commenting on the trial, the former [[United States Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Issues]], [[Stephen Rapp]], said that it was "disturbing" that limitations were placed on defense testimony.<ref name=ap>{{cite news |last=Pennington |first=Matthew |date=20 November 2015 |title=US criticism grows over Bangladesh war crimes tribunal |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/04991a85b5a54fa9a736d784af34e1d8/us-criticism-grows-over-bangladesh-war-crimes-tribunal |newspaper=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=15 December 2015 }}</ref> Affidavits stating that Chowdhury was in Pakistan and studying law at the [[University of Punjab]] at the time of the crimes were not considered.<ref name=economist/><ref name="bbc" /> Defense testimony from a former prime minister of Pakistan and a former American ambassador was not allowed by the court.<ref name=harvard>{{cite web |last=Farbstein |first=Susan |date=13 November 2015 |title=Threat of Extrajudicial Executions Looms in Bangladesh |url=http://hrp.law.harvard.edu/criminal-justice/threat-of-extrajudicial-executions-looms-in-bangladesh/ |website=The Human Rights Program |publisher=Harvard Law |access-date=15 December 2015 }}</ref>

===Conviction===
On 1 October 2013, the [[International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)|International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh]] sentenced Chowdhury to death by hanging for nine out of the 23 charges brought against him.<ref name=bbc/> His party BNP argued that the trial is politically motivated.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh sentences 7th opposition lawmaker to death |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/Bangladesh-sentences-7th-opposition-lawmaker-to-death/articleshow/23348606.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |agency=Reuters |date=1 October 2013 |access-date=1 October 2013}}</ref> On 18 November 2015, [[Bangladesh Supreme Court]] dismissed the appeal of Chowdhury, upholding the death sentence.<ref>{{cite news |title=SC publishes full verdict on Salauddin, Mojaheed |url=http://en.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/news/86445/SC-publishes-full-verdict-on-Salauddin-Mojaheed |newspaper=Prothom Alo |access-date = 2015-11-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh Set to Hang Opposition Leaders Within Days |url=http://www.ndtv.com/world-news/bangladesh-set-to-hang-opposition-leaders-within-days-1245556 |work=NDTV |access-date=2015-11-20}}</ref> According to jail officials, Chowdhury asked for mercy in a petition to the [[President of Bangladesh]], but his appeal was rejected.<ref name="IT1">{{cite news |title=Bangladesh president rejects mercy plea of 2 war criminals |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/Bangladesh-president-rejects-mercy-plea-of-2-war-criminals/articleshow/49875037.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date = 2015-11-21}}</ref><ref name="IT2">{{cite news |title=Bangladesh president rejects death-row mercy petitions |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/bangladesh-president-rejects-death-row-mercy-petitions/articleshow/49875033.cms |newspaper=Economic Times |access-date=21 November 2015}}</ref>

== Execution ==
On 22 November 2015, at 12:45 in the morning, Chowdhury was executed by hanging at [[Dhaka Central Jail]]. Another convict, [[Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed]], was also executed around the same time.<ref name=nyt/><ref>{{cite news |last=Habib |first=Haroon |title=Two top Bangladesh war criminals hanged |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/two-top-bangladesh-war-criminals-hanged/article7904194.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=22 November 2015 |issn=0971-751X |access-date=2015-11-21}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{cite news |script-title=bn:সাকা-মুজাহিদের ফাঁসি কার্যকর |url=http://www.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/article/690262/%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25BE-%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A7%2581%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B9%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25B0-%25E0%25A6%25AB%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2581%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25BF-%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25B0 |newspaper=Prothom Alo |language=bn |access-date=2015-11-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=22 November 2015 |title=B'desh on alert after execution of 2 Oppn leaders for war crimes |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world/bangladesh-on-high-alert-ahead-of-execution-of-2-opposition-leaders/story-C60moXJqSDKFbe4Sm2YNBI.html |newspaper=Hindustan Times |access-date=2015-11-21}}</ref> Law Minister [[Anisul Huq (politician)|Anisul Huq]] claimed that Chowdhury and Mojaheed submitted a plea for mercy, which Chowdhury's family denied.<ref name=nyt>{{cite news |last=Barry |first=Ellen |date=22 November 2015 |title=Bangladesh Hangs 2 Leaders Convicted of War Crimes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/22/world/asia/bangladesh-hangs-2-leaders-convicted-of-war-crimes.html?ref=topics&_r=0 |newspaper=New York Times |access-date=15 December 2015 }}</ref> Chowdhury was buried at his village home in Raozan Upazila, Chittagong on 22 November 2015.<ref>{{cite news |title=SQ Chy buried amid tight security |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/politics/sq-chy-buried-amid-tight-security-176257 |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=2015-11-22}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Chowdhury was married to Farhat Quader Chowdhury.<ref name="wifeson"/> Their children include Farzin, Hummam (b. 1983) and Fazlul.<ref name=maze>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2006/02/14/d60214011310.htm|title=Feuding SQ Chy family wanders in legal maze|publisher=The Daily Star|date=2006-02-14|access-date=2019-11-19}}</ref><ref name="wifeson">{{cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/country/hc-asks-sq-chys-wife-son-surrender-1318738 |title=Verdict leak: HC asks SQ Chy's wife, son to surrender to lower cour |date=2016-11-22 |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=2019-11-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/08/bangladesh-sons-convicted-war-criminals-detained-160811134823481.html|title=Bangladesh: Sons of convicted war criminals detained|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2019-11-19}}</ref> In August 2016, [[Human Rights Watch]] and [[Amnesty International]] alleged that Hummam was arrested on 4 August 2016, and disappeared. Amnesty says multiple credible sources place him at [[Rapid Action Battalion]] (RAB) headquarters in Dhaka on 12 August, but authorities have denied having him in custody.<ref>{{cite news |title=Amnesty, HRW condemn 'detention' of SQ Chy, Mir Quasem's sons |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/city/amnesty-hrw-condemn-detention-sq-chy-mir-quasems-sons-1269919 |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)]] |date=15 August 2016 |access-date=4 September 2016}}</ref> Hummam returned home in March 2017.

Chowdhury's brother, [[Giasuddin Quader Chowdhury]], was a member of parliament from Bangladesh Nationalist Party.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/son-sq-chy-returns-home-after-7-months-1370593|title=Son of SQ Chy returns home after 7 months|date=2017-03-04|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2017-08-02|language=en}}</ref> Other two brothers were Saifuddin and Jamaluddin.<ref name=maze/> Industrialist brothers [[Salman F Rahman]] and Sohel Rahman were their cousins.<ref name=maze/> On 3 January 2005, he met Sheikh Hasina and invited her to his son's, Fazlul, wedding.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SQ Chy invites Hasina to son's wedding|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2005/01/03/d50103011311.htm|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-08|website=archive.thedailystar.net|publisher=The Daily Star}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Bangladeshi criminals]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{1971 Bangladesh genocide|state=expanded}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chowdhury, Salahuddin Quader}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Chittagong District]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Nationalist Party politicians]]
[[Category:Sadiq Public School alumni]]
[[Category:University of the Punjab alumni]]
[[Category:5th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:6th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:7th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:8th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:9th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:21st-century executions by Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi people convicted of war crimes]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi politicians convicted of crimes]]
[[Category:Executed Bangladeshi people]]
[[Category:Executed politicians]]
[[Category:People executed by Bangladesh by hanging]]
[[Category:People executed for crimes against humanity]]
[[Category:People executed for war crimes]]
[[Category:National Democratic Party (Bangladesh) politicians]]
[[Category:Notre Dame College, Dhaka alumni]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi male criminals]]

Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury - Revision history

BeauBasaldua8: further updated information after review and corrected details based on references

Bot at 00:30, 30 November 2022

>Inter&anthro: doesn't say it anywhere in the article, and no reference to back it up