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The '''''Salaaming Order''''', also known as the '''Saluting Order''', introduced by British [[Leslie Warner Yule Campbell|General Campbell]] on 22 April 1919, and also issued by [[Arnold Chadwick Doveton|A. C. Doveton]], was an instruction during [[martial law]] in Punjab 1919 following the [[Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre]].<ref name=Lloyd2010>{{cite journal |last1=Lloyd |first1=Nick |title=Sir Michael O'Dwyer and 'Imperial Terrorism' in the Punjab, 1919 |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |date=1 December 2010 |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=363–380 |doi=10.1080/00856401.2010.520648 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00856401.2010.520648 |issn=0085-6401|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=Ilahi2020>{{cite book |last1=Ilahi |first1=Shereen |title=Imperial Violence and the Path to Independence: India, Ireland and the Crisis of Empire |date=2020 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-350-15306-6 |chapter=Punjab disturbances: Martial law and "fancy punishments"|pages=58–59 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BQBbEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA58 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Durie2022>{{cite book |last1=Durie |first1=Betty |last2=Campbell |first2=Angus |title=The Fairfield Campbells:Their Part in the Rise and Fall of Empire |date=2022 |publisher=CaroleMcT Books |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oo-cEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT124|chapter=15. Amritsar|pages=124–140|language=en}}</ref> It required Indians to salute British personnel or face punishment including arrest, detention, and flogging. Others found to be leading the order included [[Aubrey J. O'Brien]], [[Bertrand Bosworth-Smith|B. N. Bosworth-Smith]].<ref name=Ilahi2020/><ref name=Lal>{{cite web |last=Lal |first=Vinay |title=Women in the Punjab Disturbances of 1919 |url=https://southasia.ucla.edu/incident-crawling-lane/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250831092041/https://southasia.ucla.edu/incident-crawling-lane/ |archive-date=31 August 2025 |access-date=25 August 2025 |website=UCLA |publisher=University of California, Los Angeles}}</ref><ref name=Anand2021>{{cite book |last1=Anand |first1=Anita |title=The Patient Assassin: A True Tale of Massacre, Revenge, and India's Quest for Independence |date=2021 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-5011-9571-6 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mEoiEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA123|location=New York|language=en |chapter=10. I repent, I repent, I repent|pages=115–126}}</ref> and [[Henry St. George Murray Mcrae]].<ref name=Naidis1951>{{cite book |last1=Naidis |first1=Mark |title=The Punjab Disturbances of 1919: A Study in Indian Nationalism |date=1951 |publisher=Stanford University |page=101 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kLMUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA101 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Report of the Committee Appointed in the Government of India to Investigate the Disturbances in the Punjab, Etc |date=1920 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |pages=225–235 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wek2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA225 |language=en}}</ref>

Along with the co-existing [[Crawling Order]], created by [[Reginald Dyer]], and [[fancy punishments]] invented by Doveton, the order was investigated by the official Hunter Commission and the independent National Congress's inquiry.<ref name=Horniman1920>{{cite book |last1=Horniman |first1=B. G. |title=Amritsar And Our Duty To India |date=1920 |publisher=[[T. Fisher Unwin]] |location=London |pages=150–164 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.351510/page/n153/mode/2up |chapter=15. O'Brien, Doveton, and Bosworth-Smith}}</ref>

An account is depicted in the book ''[[A Passage to India]]''.<ref name=Das1985>{{cite book |last1=Das |first1=G. K. |title=A Passage to India |chapter=A Passage to India: A Socio-historical Study |date=1985 |pages=1–15 |doi=10.1007/978-1-349-17994-7_1 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-17994-7_1 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-333-40457-7 |language=en|chapter-url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Background==
Martial law was introduced in Punjab at midnight between 15 and 16 April 1919 and backdated to 30 March on 21 April by the Viceroy, at the request of [[Michael O'Dwyer]].<ref name=Collett2006>{{cite book |last1=Collett |first1=Nigel |title=The Butcher of Amritsar: General Reginald Dyer |date=2006 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-1-85285-575-8 |page=275 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XuQC5pgzCw4C&pg=PA275|language=en|chapter=17. The crawling order}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |last=Hunter |first= William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WOk2AQAAMAAJ |title=Report of the Committee Appointed by the Government of India to Investigate the Disturbances in the Punjab |date=1920 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |language=en }}
*{{cite book |last1=Gandhi |first1=Mahatma |title=The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi: Feb.-June 1920 |date=1965 |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MX2GAAAAIAAJ |language=en|pages=181–182, 239}}

[[Category:Salutes]]
[[Category:1919 in British India]]
[[Category:British military scandals]]

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Salaaming Order - Revision history

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