Sainthwar - Revision history

223.226.69.100 at 14:20, 24 August 2026

2026-08-24T14:20:59Z

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	The '''Sainthwar''', or '''Mall''', is an [[Indian caste]] of ~~peasants~~<ref ~~name="Shahid_1995"~~>~~{{cite book \|author=Shahid Amin \|title=Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992 \|url=~~https://books.google.~~com~~/books?id=~~pbYwDwAAQBAJ~~&pg=~~PA33 \|year~~=~~1995 \|publisher~~=~~University of California Press \|isbn~~=~~978-0-520-08780-4 \|page~~=~~33 \|quote~~=~~Sainthwar: a middle-ranking caste of 'industrious' peasants, closely related to the Kurmi}}~~</ref> native to the [[Uttar Pradesh]] state.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998">{{cite book \|editor=Kumar Suresh Singh \|title=India's Communities \|volume=A-G \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ \|year=1998 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 \|page=2163 }}</ref> Under the Indian governments system of positive discrimination, the Sainthwars are classified as a "Backward" or [[Other backward class]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=National Commission for Backward Classes \|url=https://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvxbegUDuc3MN4eB5E3Ecc1drRPAf1qXQ%2bl0IqIfhjN1xHrf4i2h5g0 \|access-date=2023-08-27 \|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref>		The '''Sainthwar''', or '''Mall''', is an [[Indian]] [[caste]] of [[Zamindar\|Landholders]]<ref><nowiki>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Ck4jmD7H34UC&pg=PA58&dq=g+n+dutt&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WNATUcePK8nZrQfcoIGABg#v=onepage&q=g%2520n%2520dutt&f=false</nowiki></ref> native to the [[Uttar Pradesh]] state.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998">{{cite book \|editor=Kumar Suresh Singh \|title=India's Communities \|volume=A-G \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ \|year=1998 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 \|page=2163 }}</ref>
	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

223.226.69.100: Removed poor sourced information

2026-08-24T14:18:54Z

Removed poor sourced information

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:48, 24 August 2026
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	The '''Sainthwar''', or '''Mall''',<ref>{{cite book \|author=Subodh Kapoor \|title=Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8897ridkczoC&pg=PA413%7CYEAR%3D2002%7CPUBLISHER%3DCOSMO+PUBLICATIONS%7CISBN%3D978-81-7755-299-7%7CPAGES%3D413%E2%80%93%7D%7D%3C%2FREF%3E \|year=2002 \|publisher=Cosmo \|isbn=978-81-7755-299-7 \|page=413 }}</ref> is an [[Indian caste]] of peasants<ref name="Shahid_1995">{{cite book \|author=Shahid Amin \|title=Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbYwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 \|year=1995 \|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-08780-4 \|page=33 \|quote=Sainthwar: a middle-ranking caste of 'industrious' peasants, closely related to the Kurmi}}</ref> native to the [[Uttar Pradesh]] state.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998">{{cite book \|editor=Kumar Suresh Singh \|title=India's Communities \|volume=A-G \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ \|year=1998 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 \|page=2163 }}</ref> Under the Indian governments system of positive discrimination, the Sainthwars are classified as a "Backward" or [[Other backward class]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=National Commission for Backward Classes \|url=https://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvxbegUDuc3MN4eB5E3Ecc1drRPAf1qXQ%2bl0IqIfhjN1xHrf4i2h5g0 \|access-date=2023-08-27 \|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref>		The '''Sainthwar''', or '''Mall''', is an [[Indian caste]] of peasants<ref name="Shahid_1995">{{cite book \|author=Shahid Amin \|title=Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbYwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 \|year=1995 \|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-08780-4 \|page=33 \|quote=Sainthwar: a middle-ranking caste of 'industrious' peasants, closely related to the Kurmi}}</ref> native to the [[Uttar Pradesh]] state.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998">{{cite book \|editor=Kumar Suresh Singh \|title=India's Communities \|volume=A-G \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ \|year=1998 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 \|page=2163 }}</ref> Under the Indian governments system of positive discrimination, the Sainthwars are classified as a "Backward" or [[Other backward class]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=National Commission for Backward Classes \|url=https://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvxbegUDuc3MN4eB5E3Ecc1drRPAf1qXQ%2bl0IqIfhjN1xHrf4i2h5g0 \|access-date=2023-08-27 \|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref>

	The Sainthwars are closely related to the [[Rajput\|Kurmis]],<ref name="Shahid_1995"/> and are sometimes described as a division of the rajput caste.<ref name="Paul_1987">{{cite book \|editor1=Paul R. Brass \|editor2=Francis Robinson \|title=The Indian National Congress and Indian society, 1885-1985: ideology, social structure, and political dominance \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9BJuAAAAMAAJ \|year=1987 \|publisher=Chanakya \|isbn=9788170010265 }}</ref> Though Sainthwars deny the claim but in Census of 1881 Sainthwars were mentioned along with rajput in Oudh and Benaras.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Blunt \|first=Sir Edward \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NenzO2grTOMC&q=Sainthwar \|title=The Caste System of Northern India \|date=2010 \|publisher=Gyan Publishing House \|isbn=978-81-8205-495-0 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Bhattacharya \|first=Jogendra Nath \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlpLAAAAMAAJ&q=Jogendra+Nath+Bhattacharya+saithwar \|title=Hindu Castes and Sects: An Exposition of the Origin of the Hindu Caste System and the Bearing of the Sects Towards Each Other and Towards Other Religious Systems \|date=1896 \|publisher=Thacker, Spink \|language=en}}</ref> Sainthwar was earlier a Kurmi sub-caste. But due to the rise of the leading family (princely family of Padruna) it was classified as a separate caste in 1911.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Blunt \|first=Sir Edward \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NenzO2grTOMC&q=editions:4DMMl3vnlrcC \|title=The Caste System of Northern India \|date=2010 \|publisher=Gyan Publishing House \|isbn=978-81-8205-495-0 \|language=en}}</ref> The Sainthwars are known as "Mall" ("prosperous") as opposed to the Kurmis.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/> They are the dominant landholding caste in some districts of Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Paul_1987"/>

	~~The oral tradition of the Sainthwars traces their ancestry to Chandraketu, a son of the legendary hero [[Lakshmana]].<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/>~~

	[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] politician [[Ratanjit Pratap Narain Singh\|RPN Singh]] belongs to the Saithwar rajput community and is a prominent leader from Eastern Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=How RPN Singh fits into BJP's OBC plan in UP - Times of India\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rpns-congress-exit-a-move-in-bjps-obc-plan/articleshow/89139720.cms\|access-date=2022-01-28\|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/who-is-rpn-singh-the-congress-leader-who-is-likely-to-join-bjp-ahead-of-up-assembly-polls \|title=Who is RPN Singh? Know all about Congress heavyweight who joined BJP ahead of UP polls \|newspaper=The Fress Press Journal \|date=2022-01-25 \|access-date=2022-08-10 }}</ref>

	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

1.38.28.211: This is hard knowledge

2026-05-26T07:55:04Z

This is hard knowledge

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:25, 26 May 2026
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	The '''Sainthwar''', or '''Mall''',<ref>{{cite book \|author=Subodh Kapoor \|title=Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8897ridkczoC&pg=PA413%7CYEAR%3D2002%7CPUBLISHER%3DCOSMO+PUBLICATIONS%7CISBN%3D978-81-7755-299-7%7CPAGES%3D413%E2%80%93%7D%7D%3C%2FREF%3E \|year=2002 \|publisher=Cosmo \|isbn=978-81-7755-299-7 \|page=413 }}</ref> is an [[Indian caste]] of peasants<ref name="Shahid_1995">{{cite book \|author=Shahid Amin \|title=Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbYwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 \|year=1995 \|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-08780-4 \|page=33 \|quote=Sainthwar: a middle-ranking caste of 'industrious' peasants, closely related to the Kurmi}}</ref> native to the [[Uttar Pradesh]] state.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998">{{cite book \|editor=Kumar Suresh Singh \|title=India's Communities \|volume=A-G \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ \|year=1998 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 \|page=2163 }}</ref> Under the Indian governments system of positive discrimination, the Sainthwars are classified as a "Backward" or [[Other backward class]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=National Commission for Backward Classes \|url=https://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvxbegUDuc3MN4eB5E3Ecc1drRPAf1qXQ%2bl0IqIfhjN1xHrf4i2h5g0 \|access-date=2023-08-27 \|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref>		The '''Sainthwar''', or '''Mall''',<ref>{{cite book \|author=Subodh Kapoor \|title=Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8897ridkczoC&pg=PA413%7CYEAR%3D2002%7CPUBLISHER%3DCOSMO+PUBLICATIONS%7CISBN%3D978-81-7755-299-7%7CPAGES%3D413%E2%80%93%7D%7D%3C%2FREF%3E \|year=2002 \|publisher=Cosmo \|isbn=978-81-7755-299-7 \|page=413 }}</ref> is an [[Indian caste]] of peasants<ref name="Shahid_1995">{{cite book \|author=Shahid Amin \|title=Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbYwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 \|year=1995 \|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-08780-4 \|page=33 \|quote=Sainthwar: a middle-ranking caste of 'industrious' peasants, closely related to the Kurmi}}</ref> native to the [[Uttar Pradesh]] state.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998">{{cite book \|editor=Kumar Suresh Singh \|title=India's Communities \|volume=A-G \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ \|year=1998 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 \|page=2163 }}</ref> Under the Indian governments system of positive discrimination, the Sainthwars are classified as a "Backward" or [[Other backward class]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=National Commission for Backward Classes \|url=https://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvxbegUDuc3MN4eB5E3Ecc1drRPAf1qXQ%2bl0IqIfhjN1xHrf4i2h5g0 \|access-date=2023-08-27 \|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref>

	The Sainthwars are closely related to the [[~~Kurmi~~]]s,<ref name="Shahid_1995"/> and are sometimes described as a division of the ~~Kurmi~~ caste.<ref name="Paul_1987">{{cite book \|editor1=Paul R. Brass \|editor2=Francis Robinson \|title=The Indian National Congress and Indian society, 1885-1985: ideology, social structure, and political dominance \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9BJuAAAAMAAJ \|year=1987 \|publisher=Chanakya \|isbn=9788170010265 }}</ref> Though Sainthwars deny the claim but in Census of 1881 Sainthwars were mentioned along with ~~Kurmi~~ in Oudh and Benaras.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Blunt \|first=Sir Edward \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NenzO2grTOMC&q=Sainthwar \|title=The Caste System of Northern India \|date=2010 \|publisher=Gyan Publishing House \|isbn=978-81-8205-495-0 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Bhattacharya \|first=Jogendra Nath \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlpLAAAAMAAJ&q=Jogendra+Nath+Bhattacharya+saithwar \|title=Hindu Castes and Sects: An Exposition of the Origin of the Hindu Caste System and the Bearing of the Sects Towards Each Other and Towards Other Religious Systems \|date=1896 \|publisher=Thacker, Spink \|language=en}}</ref> Sainthwar was earlier a Kurmi sub-caste. But due to the rise of the leading family (princely family of Padruna) it was classified as a separate caste in 1911.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Blunt \|first=Sir Edward \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NenzO2grTOMC&q=editions:4DMMl3vnlrcC \|title=The Caste System of Northern India \|date=2010 \|publisher=Gyan Publishing House \|isbn=978-81-8205-495-0 \|language=en}}</ref> The Sainthwars are known as "Mall" ("prosperous") as opposed to the Kurmis.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/> They are the dominant landholding caste in some districts of Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Paul_1987"/>		The Sainthwars are closely related to the [[Rajput\|Kurmis]],<ref name="Shahid_1995"/> and are sometimes described as a division of the rajput caste.<ref name="Paul_1987">{{cite book \|editor1=Paul R. Brass \|editor2=Francis Robinson \|title=The Indian National Congress and Indian society, 1885-1985: ideology, social structure, and political dominance \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9BJuAAAAMAAJ \|year=1987 \|publisher=Chanakya \|isbn=9788170010265 }}</ref> Though Sainthwars deny the claim but in Census of 1881 Sainthwars were mentioned along with rajput in Oudh and Benaras.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Blunt \|first=Sir Edward \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NenzO2grTOMC&q=Sainthwar \|title=The Caste System of Northern India \|date=2010 \|publisher=Gyan Publishing House \|isbn=978-81-8205-495-0 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Bhattacharya \|first=Jogendra Nath \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlpLAAAAMAAJ&q=Jogendra+Nath+Bhattacharya+saithwar \|title=Hindu Castes and Sects: An Exposition of the Origin of the Hindu Caste System and the Bearing of the Sects Towards Each Other and Towards Other Religious Systems \|date=1896 \|publisher=Thacker, Spink \|language=en}}</ref> Sainthwar was earlier a Kurmi sub-caste. But due to the rise of the leading family (princely family of Padruna) it was classified as a separate caste in 1911.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Blunt \|first=Sir Edward \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NenzO2grTOMC&q=editions:4DMMl3vnlrcC \|title=The Caste System of Northern India \|date=2010 \|publisher=Gyan Publishing House \|isbn=978-81-8205-495-0 \|language=en}}</ref> The Sainthwars are known as "Mall" ("prosperous") as opposed to the Kurmis.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/> They are the dominant landholding caste in some districts of Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Paul_1987"/>

	The oral tradition of the Sainthwars traces their ancestry to Chandraketu, a son of the legendary hero [[Lakshmana]].<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/>		The oral tradition of the Sainthwars traces their ancestry to Chandraketu, a son of the legendary hero [[Lakshmana]].<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/>

	[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] politician [[Ratanjit Pratap Narain Singh\|RPN Singh]] belongs to the Saithwar community and is a prominent leader from Eastern Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=How RPN Singh fits into BJP's OBC plan in UP - Times of India\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rpns-congress-exit-a-move-in-bjps-obc-plan/articleshow/89139720.cms\|access-date=2022-01-28\|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/who-is-rpn-singh-the-congress-leader-who-is-likely-to-join-bjp-ahead-of-up-assembly-polls \|title=Who is RPN Singh? Know all about Congress heavyweight who joined BJP ahead of UP polls \|newspaper=The Fress Press Journal \|date=2022-01-25 \|access-date=2022-08-10 }}</ref>		[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] politician [[Ratanjit Pratap Narain Singh\|RPN Singh]] belongs to the Saithwar rajput community and is a prominent leader from Eastern Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=How RPN Singh fits into BJP's OBC plan in UP - Times of India\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rpns-congress-exit-a-move-in-bjps-obc-plan/articleshow/89139720.cms\|access-date=2022-01-28\|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/who-is-rpn-singh-the-congress-leader-who-is-likely-to-join-bjp-ahead-of-up-assembly-polls \|title=Who is RPN Singh? Know all about Congress heavyweight who joined BJP ahead of UP polls \|newspaper=The Fress Press Journal \|date=2022-01-25 \|access-date=2022-08-10 }}</ref>

	==References==		==References==

Sunil Tani: improve references and corrected details for accuracy

2025-09-05T12:26:39Z

improve references and corrected details for accuracy

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:56, 5 September 2025
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			{{Short description\|Indian caste}}
			{{pp-extended\|small=yes}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2019}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2019}}
	'''Sainthwar''', ~~also known as~~ '''Mall''',<ref>{{cite book \|author=Subodh Kapoor \|title=Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8897ridkczoC&pg=PA413%~~7Cyear~~%3D2002%~~7Cpublisher~~%~~3DCosmo~~+~~Publications~~%~~7Cisbn~~%3D978-81-7755-299-7%~~7Cpages~~%3D413%E2%80%93%7D%7D%3C%~~2Fref~~%3E \|year=2002 \|publisher=Cosmo \|isbn=978-81-7755-299-7 \|page=413 }}</ref> is an [[Indian caste]] of ~~landholders~~<ref name="Shahid_1995">{{cite book \|author=Shahid Amin \|title=Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbYwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 \|year=1995 \|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-08780-4 \|page=33 \|quote=Sainthwar: a middle-ranking caste of '~~landholers~~' , closely related to the ~~Rajputs~~}}</ref> native to the [[Uttar Pradesh]] ~~and [[Bihar]] states~~.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998">{{cite book \|editor=Kumar Suresh Singh \|title=India's Communities \|volume=A-G \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ \|year=1998 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 \|page=2163 }}</ref>		The '''Sainthwar''', or '''Mall''',<ref>{{cite book \|author=Subodh Kapoor \|title=Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8897ridkczoC&pg=PA413%7CYEAR%3D2002%7CPUBLISHER%3DCOSMO+PUBLICATIONS%7CISBN%3D978-81-7755-299-7%7CPAGES%3D413%E2%80%93%7D%7D%3C%2FREF%3E \|year=2002 \|publisher=Cosmo \|isbn=978-81-7755-299-7 \|page=413 }}</ref> is an [[Indian caste]] of peasants<ref name="Shahid_1995">{{cite book \|author=Shahid Amin \|title=Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbYwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 \|year=1995 \|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-08780-4 \|page=33 \|quote=Sainthwar: a middle-ranking caste of 'industrious' peasants, closely related to the Kurmi}}</ref> native to the [[Uttar Pradesh]] state.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998">{{cite book \|editor=Kumar Suresh Singh \|title=India's Communities \|volume=A-G \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ \|year=1998 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 \|page=2163 }}</ref> Under the Indian governments system of positive discrimination, the Sainthwars are classified as a "Backward" or [[Other backward class]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=National Commission for Backward Classes \|url=https://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvxbegUDuc3MN4eB5E3Ecc1drRPAf1qXQ%2bl0IqIfhjN1xHrf4i2h5g0 \|access-date=2023-08-27 \|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref>

			The Sainthwars are closely related to the [[Kurmi]]s,<ref name="Shahid_1995"/> and are sometimes described as a division of the Kurmi caste.<ref name="Paul_1987">{{cite book \|editor1=Paul R. Brass \|editor2=Francis Robinson \|title=The Indian National Congress and Indian society, 1885-1985: ideology, social structure, and political dominance \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9BJuAAAAMAAJ \|year=1987 \|publisher=Chanakya \|isbn=9788170010265 }}</ref> Though Sainthwars deny the claim but in Census of 1881 Sainthwars were mentioned along with Kurmi in Oudh and Benaras.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Blunt \|first=Sir Edward \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NenzO2grTOMC&q=Sainthwar \|title=The Caste System of Northern India \|date=2010 \|publisher=Gyan Publishing House \|isbn=978-81-8205-495-0 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Bhattacharya \|first=Jogendra Nath \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlpLAAAAMAAJ&q=Jogendra+Nath+Bhattacharya+saithwar \|title=Hindu Castes and Sects: An Exposition of the Origin of the Hindu Caste System and the Bearing of the Sects Towards Each Other and Towards Other Religious Systems \|date=1896 \|publisher=Thacker, Spink \|language=en}}</ref> Sainthwar was earlier a Kurmi sub-caste. But due to the rise of the leading family (princely family of Padruna) it was classified as a separate caste in 1911.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Blunt \|first=Sir Edward \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NenzO2grTOMC&q=editions:4DMMl3vnlrcC \|title=The Caste System of Northern India \|date=2010 \|publisher=Gyan Publishing House \|isbn=978-81-8205-495-0 \|language=en}}</ref> The Sainthwars are known as "Mall" ("prosperous") as opposed to the Kurmis.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/> They are the dominant landholding caste in some districts of Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Paul_1987"/>

	The Sainthwars ~~are closely related~~ to the [[~~Rajputs~~]],<ref name="Shahid_1995"/> and are sometimes described as a division of the Rajput caste.<ref name="Paul_1987">{{cite book \|editor1=Paul R. Brass \|editor2=Francis Robinson \|title=The Indian National Congress and Indian society, 1885-1985: ideology, social structure, and political dominance \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9BJuAAAAMAAJ \|year=1987 \|publisher=Chanakya \|isbn=9788170010265 }}</ref> The Sainthwars are known as "Mall" ("prosperous") as opposed to the historically poorer Kurmis.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998~~"/> They are the dominant landholding caste in some districts of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.<ref name="Paul_1987~~"/>		The oral tradition of the Sainthwars traces their ancestry to Chandraketu, a son of the legendary hero [[Lakshmana]].<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/>

	~~The oral tradition of the Sainthwars trace their ancestry to Chandraketu, a son of the legendary hero~~ [[~~Lakshmana~~]].<ref ~~name~~=~~"KSS_OUP_1998"~~/>		[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] politician [[Ratanjit Pratap Narain Singh\|RPN Singh]] belongs to the Saithwar community and is a prominent leader from Eastern Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=How RPN Singh fits into BJP's OBC plan in UP - Times of India\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rpns-congress-exit-a-move-in-bjps-obc-plan/articleshow/89139720.cms\|access-date=2022-01-28\|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/who-is-rpn-singh-the-congress-leader-who-is-likely-to-join-bjp-ahead-of-up-assembly-polls \|title=Who is RPN Singh? Know all about Congress heavyweight who joined BJP ahead of UP polls \|newspaper=The Fress Press Journal \|date=2022-01-25 \|access-date=2022-08-10 }}</ref>

	==References==		==References==
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	[[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]]		[[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]]
			[[Category:Agricultural castes]]
	~~{{India-ethno-stub}}~~		[[Category:Hindu communities]]

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	The Sainthwars are closely related to the [[Rajputs]],<ref name="Shahid_1995"/> and are sometimes described as a division of the Rajput caste.<ref name="Paul_1987">{{cite book \|editor1=Paul R. Brass \|editor2=Francis Robinson \|title=The Indian National Congress and Indian society, 1885-1985: ideology, social structure, and political dominance \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9BJuAAAAMAAJ \|year=1987 \|publisher=Chanakya \|isbn=9788170010265 }}</ref> The Sainthwars are known as "Mall" ("prosperous") as opposed to the historically poorer Kurmis.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/> They are the dominant landholding caste in some districts of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.<ref name="Paul_1987"/>		The Sainthwars are closely related to the [[Rajputs]],<ref name="Shahid_1995"/> and are sometimes described as a division of the Rajput caste.<ref name="Paul_1987">{{cite book \|editor1=Paul R. Brass \|editor2=Francis Robinson \|title=The Indian National Congress and Indian society, 1885-1985: ideology, social structure, and political dominance \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9BJuAAAAMAAJ \|year=1987 \|publisher=Chanakya \|isbn=9788170010265 }}</ref> The Sainthwars are known as "Mall" ("prosperous") as opposed to the historically poorer Kurmis.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/> They are the dominant landholding caste in some districts of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.<ref name="Paul_1987"/>

	The oral tradition of the Sainthwars trace their ancestry to ~~Shudras~~, a son of the legendary hero [[Lakshmana]].<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/>		The oral tradition of the Sainthwars trace their ancestry to Chandraketu, a son of the legendary hero [[Lakshmana]].<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/>

	==References==		==References==

WikiDwarf: Reverted edits by 162.158.235.19 (talk) to last revision by CleanupBot

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	The Sainthwar, or Mall,[1] are a group of castes settled from different locations to the Gorakhpur region. Sainthwar is not a single name but a group of Caste that accepted the democratic Mall kingdom. They are landholders[2] native to the Uttar Pradesh and Bihar states.[3]

	~~The Sainthwars are related to the Kshatriyas~~,~~[2] and are sometimes described~~ as ~~a division~~ of ~~the Rajput~~.[3] ~~They are the dominant landholding~~ caste ~~in some districts~~ of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.~~[4]~~		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2019}}
			'''Sainthwar''', also known as '''Mall''',<ref>{{cite book \|author=Subodh Kapoor \|title=Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8897ridkczoC&pg=PA413%7Cyear%3D2002%7Cpublisher%3DCosmo+Publications%7Cisbn%3D978-81-7755-299-7%7Cpages%3D413%E2%80%93%7D%7D%3C%2Fref%3E \|year=2002 \|publisher=Cosmo \|isbn=978-81-7755-299-7 \|page=413 }}</ref> is an [[Indian caste]] of landholders<ref name="Shahid_1995">{{cite book \|author=Shahid Amin \|title=Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbYwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 \|year=1995 \|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-08780-4 \|page=33 \|quote=Sainthwar: a middle-ranking caste of 'landholers' , closely related to the Rajputs}}</ref> native to the [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]] states.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998">{{cite book \|editor=Kumar Suresh Singh \|title=India's Communities \|volume=A-G \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ \|year=1998 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 \|page=2163 }}</ref>

	The ~~oral tradition of the~~ Sainthwars ~~trace their ancestry~~ to ~~Chandraketu~~, a ~~son~~ of the ~~legendary hero Lakshmana~~.~~[3]~~		The Sainthwars are closely related to the [[Rajputs]],<ref name="Shahid_1995"/> and are sometimes described as a division of the Rajput caste.<ref name="Paul_1987">{{cite book \|editor1=Paul R. Brass \|editor2=Francis Robinson \|title=The Indian National Congress and Indian society, 1885-1985: ideology, social structure, and political dominance \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9BJuAAAAMAAJ \|year=1987 \|publisher=Chanakya \|isbn=9788170010265 }}</ref> The Sainthwars are known as "Mall" ("prosperous") as opposed to the historically poorer Kurmis.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/> They are the dominant landholding caste in some districts of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.<ref name="Paul_1987"/>

	~~Bharatiya Janata Party politician RPN Singh belongs~~ to the ~~community and is a prominent leader from Eastern Uttar Pradesh.~~[5]		The oral tradition of the Sainthwars trace their ancestry to Shudras, a son of the legendary hero [[Lakshmana]].<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/>

	==References==		==References==

162.158.235.19 at 15:47, 15 June 2022

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			The Sainthwar, or Mall,[1] are a group of castes settled from different locations to the Gorakhpur region. Sainthwar is not a single name but a group of Caste that accepted the democratic Mall kingdom. They are landholders[2] native to the Uttar Pradesh and Bihar states.[3]

	~~{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2019}}~~		The Sainthwars are related to the Kshatriyas,[2] and are sometimes described as a division of the Rajput.[3] They are the dominant landholding caste in some districts of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.[4]
	~~'''Sainthwar'''~~, ~~also known~~ as ~~'''Mall''',<ref>{{cite book \|author=Subodh Kapoor \|title=Encyclopaedia~~ of ~~Ancient Indian Geography \|url=https://books.google~~.com/books?id=8897ridkczoC&pg=PA413%7Cyear%3D2002%7Cpublisher%3DCosmo+Publications%7Cisbn%3D978-81-7755-299-7%7Cpages%3D413%E2%80%93%7D%7D%3C%2Fref%3E \|year=2002 \|publisher=Cosmo \|isbn=978-81-7755-299-7 \|page=413 }}</ref> is an [[~~Indian caste~~]] of landholders<ref name="Shahid_1995">{{cite book \|author=Shahid Amin \|title=Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbYwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 \|year=1995 \|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-08780-4 \|page=33 \|quote=Sainthwar: a middle-ranking caste of ~~'landholers' , closely related to the Rajputs}}</ref> native to the [[~~Uttar Pradesh]] and [~~[Bihar~~]] states.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998">{{cite book \|editor=Kumar Suresh Singh \|title=India's Communities \|volume=A-G \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ \|year=1998 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 \|page=2163 }}</ref>

	The Sainthwars ~~are closely related~~ to ~~the [[Rajputs]]~~,~~<ref name="Shahid_1995"/> and are sometimes described as~~ a ~~division~~ of the ~~Rajput caste~~.<ref name="Paul_1987">{{cite book \|editor1=Paul R. Brass \|editor2=Francis Robinson \|title=The Indian National Congress and Indian society, 1885-1985: ideology, social structure, and political dominance \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9BJuAAAAMAAJ \|year=1987 \|publisher=Chanakya \|isbn=9788170010265 }}</ref> The Sainthwars are known as "Mall" ("prosperous") as opposed to the historically poorer Kurmis.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/> They are the dominant landholding caste in some districts of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.<ref name="Paul_1987"/>		The oral tradition of the Sainthwars trace their ancestry to Chandraketu, a son of the legendary hero Lakshmana.[3]

	~~The oral tradition of~~ the ~~Sainthwars trace their ancestry to Shudras,~~ a ~~son of the legendary hero~~ [~~[Lakshmana~~]~~].<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/>~~		Bharatiya Janata Party politician RPN Singh belongs to the community and is a prominent leader from Eastern Uttar Pradesh.[5]

	==References==		==References==

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	'''Sainthwar''', also known as '''Mall''',<ref>{{cite book \|author=Subodh Kapoor \|title=Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8897ridkczoC&pg=PA413%7Cyear%3D2002%7Cpublisher%3DCosmo+Publications%7Cisbn%3D978-81-7755-299-7%7Cpages%3D413%E2%80%93%7D%7D%3C%2Fref%3E \|year=2002 \|publisher=Cosmo \|isbn=978-81-7755-299-7 \|page=413 }}</ref> is an [[Indian caste]] of landholders<ref name="Shahid_1995">{{cite book \|author=Shahid Amin \|title=Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbYwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 \|year=1995 \|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-08780-4 \|page=33 \|quote=Sainthwar: a middle-ranking caste of 'landholers' , closely related to the Rajputs}}</ref> native to the [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]] states.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998">{{cite book \|editor=Kumar Suresh Singh \|title=India's Communities \|volume=A-G \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ \|year=1998 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 \|page=2163 }}</ref>		'''Sainthwar''', also known as '''Mall''',<ref>{{cite book \|author=Subodh Kapoor \|title=Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8897ridkczoC&pg=PA413%7Cyear%3D2002%7Cpublisher%3DCosmo+Publications%7Cisbn%3D978-81-7755-299-7%7Cpages%3D413%E2%80%93%7D%7D%3C%2Fref%3E \|year=2002 \|publisher=Cosmo \|isbn=978-81-7755-299-7 \|page=413 }}</ref> is an [[Indian caste]] of landholders<ref name="Shahid_1995">{{cite book \|author=Shahid Amin \|title=Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbYwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 \|year=1995 \|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-08780-4 \|page=33 \|quote=Sainthwar: a middle-ranking caste of 'landholers' , closely related to the Rajputs}}</ref> native to the [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]] states.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998">{{cite book \|editor=Kumar Suresh Singh \|title=India's Communities \|volume=A-G \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ \|year=1998 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 \|page=2163 }}</ref>

2409:4063:6E0F:CA2F:81F1:E108:AE36:974B: Vchj

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	'''Sainthwar''', also known as '''Mall''',<ref>{{cite book \|author=Subodh Kapoor \|title=Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8897ridkczoC&pg=PA413%7Cyear%3D2002%7Cpublisher%3DCosmo+Publications%7Cisbn%3D978-81-7755-299-7%7Cpages%3D413%E2%80%93%7D%7D%3C%2Fref%3E \|year=2002 \|publisher=Cosmo \|isbn=978-81-7755-299-7 \|page=413 }}</ref> is an [[Indian caste]] of landholders<ref name="Shahid_1995">{{cite book \|author=Shahid Amin \|title=Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbYwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 \|year=1995 \|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-08780-4 \|page=33 \|quote=Sainthwar: a ~~Kshtriya~~ caste of ~~landholders~~, closely related to the ~~Rajput~~}}</ref> native to the [[Uttar Pradesh]] ~~state~~.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998">{{cite book \|editor=Kumar Suresh Singh \|title=India's Communities \|volume=A-G \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ \|year=1998 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 \|page=2163 }}</ref>		'''Sainthwar''', also known as '''Mall''',<ref>{{cite book \|author=Subodh Kapoor \|title=Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8897ridkczoC&pg=PA413%7Cyear%3D2002%7Cpublisher%3DCosmo+Publications%7Cisbn%3D978-81-7755-299-7%7Cpages%3D413%E2%80%93%7D%7D%3C%2Fref%3E \|year=2002 \|publisher=Cosmo \|isbn=978-81-7755-299-7 \|page=413 }}</ref> is an [[Indian caste]] of landholders<ref name="Shahid_1995">{{cite book \|author=Shahid Amin \|title=Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbYwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 \|year=1995 \|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-08780-4 \|page=33 \|quote=Sainthwar: a middle-ranking caste of 'landholers' , closely related to the Rajputs}}</ref> native to the [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]] states.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998">{{cite book \|editor=Kumar Suresh Singh \|title=India's Communities \|volume=A-G \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ \|year=1998 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 \|page=2163 }}</ref>

	The Sainthwars are closely related to the [[~~Rajput~~]]s,<ref name="Shahid_1995"/> and are sometimes described as a division of the Rajput caste.<ref name="Paul_1987">{{cite book \|editor1=Paul R. Brass \|editor2=Francis Robinson \|title=The Indian National Congress and Indian society, 1885-1985: ideology, social structure, and political dominance \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9BJuAAAAMAAJ \|year=1987 \|publisher=Chanakya \|isbn=9788170010265 }}</ref> The Sainthwars are known as "Mall" ("prosperous") as opposed to the historically poorer Kurmis.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/> They are the dominant landholding caste in some districts of Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Paul_1987"/>		The Sainthwars are closely related to the [[Rajputs]],<ref name="Shahid_1995"/> and are sometimes described as a division of the Rajput caste.<ref name="Paul_1987">{{cite book \|editor1=Paul R. Brass \|editor2=Francis Robinson \|title=The Indian National Congress and Indian society, 1885-1985: ideology, social structure, and political dominance \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9BJuAAAAMAAJ \|year=1987 \|publisher=Chanakya \|isbn=9788170010265 }}</ref> The Sainthwars are known as "Mall" ("prosperous") as opposed to the historically poorer Kurmis.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/> They are the dominant landholding caste in some districts of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.<ref name="Paul_1987"/>

	The oral tradition of the Sainthwars ~~traces~~ their ancestry to ~~Chandraketu~~, a son of the legendary hero [[Lakshmana]].<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/>		The oral tradition of the Sainthwars trace their ancestry to Shudras, a son of the legendary hero [[Lakshmana]].<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/>

	==References==		==References==
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	[[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]]		[[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]]

	{{India-ethno-stub}} ~~Gorakhpur Janpad aur uski kshtriya jatiyo ka itihas~~		{{India-ethno-stub}}

>-Zai-: Reverting 2 pending edits by 42.106.26.152 to last accepted version by JackFromWisconsin: Unsourced info (RW 16.1)

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Reverting 2 pending edits by 42.106.26.152 to last accepted version by JackFromWisconsin: Unsourced info (RW 16.1)

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{{pp-pc1}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
'''Sainthwar''', also known as '''Mall''',<ref>{{cite book |author=Subodh Kapoor |title=Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8897ridkczoC&pg=PA413%7Cyear%3D2002%7Cpublisher%3DCosmo+Publications%7Cisbn%3D978-81-7755-299-7%7Cpages%3D413%E2%80%93%7D%7D%3C%2Fref%3E |year=2002 |publisher=Cosmo |isbn=978-81-7755-299-7 |page=413 }}</ref> is an [[Indian caste]] of landholders<ref name="Shahid_1995">{{cite book |author=Shahid Amin |title=Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbYwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 |year=1995 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-08780-4 |page=33 |quote=Sainthwar: a Kshtriya caste of landholders, closely related to the Rajput}}</ref> native to the [[Uttar Pradesh]] state.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998">{{cite book |editor=Kumar Suresh Singh |title=India's Communities |volume=A-G |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ |year=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 |page=2163 }}</ref>

The Sainthwars are closely related to the [[Rajput]]s,<ref name="Shahid_1995"/> and are sometimes described as a division of the Rajput caste.<ref name="Paul_1987">{{cite book |editor1=Paul R. Brass |editor2=Francis Robinson |title=The Indian National Congress and Indian society, 1885-1985: ideology, social structure, and political dominance |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9BJuAAAAMAAJ |year=1987 |publisher=Chanakya |isbn=9788170010265 }}</ref> The Sainthwars are known as "Mall" ("prosperous") as opposed to the historically poorer Kurmis.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/> They are the dominant landholding caste in some districts of Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Paul_1987"/>

The oral tradition of the Sainthwars traces their ancestry to Chandraketu, a son of the legendary hero [[Lakshmana]].<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]]

{{India-ethno-stub}} Gorakhpur Janpad aur uski kshtriya jatiyo ka itihas