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	===Livelihood===		===Livelihood===
	{{Pie chart		{{Pie chart
	\|caption= '''Livelihood<br/>in Saithia CD Block'''		\|caption= '''Livelihood<br />in Saithia CD Block'''
	\|value1 = 21.68		\|value1 = 21.68
	\|label1 = Cultivators		\|label1 = Cultivators
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	As per 2011 census, in Sainthia CD Block, 2 villages had community health centers, 5 villages had primary health centers, 37 villages had primary health subcentres, 8 villages had maternity and child welfare centers, 2 villages had veterinary hospitals, 14 villages had medicine shops and out of the 216 inhabited villages 131 villages had no medical facilities.<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf \| title = District Census Handbook, Birbhum, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A \| work = Pages 933-34, Appendix I: Summary showing total number of villages having Educational, Medical and other amenities – C.D.Block level \| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. \| access-date = 22 January 2018}}</ref>		As per 2011 census, in Sainthia CD Block, 2 villages had community health centers, 5 villages had primary health centers, 37 villages had primary health subcentres, 8 villages had maternity and child welfare centers, 2 villages had veterinary hospitals, 14 villages had medicine shops and out of the 216 inhabited villages 131 villages had no medical facilities.<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf \| title = District Census Handbook, Birbhum, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A \| work = Pages 933-34, Appendix I: Summary showing total number of villages having Educational, Medical and other amenities – C.D.Block level \| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. \| access-date = 22 January 2018}}</ref>

	[[Sainthia State General Hospital]] at [[Sainthia]] has 100 beds.<ref>https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/uploaded_files/go/347.pdf</ref> There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)\|primary health centres]] at Amarpur (PO Gargaria) (10 beds), Bharmarkole (PO Kachuihata) (10 beds), Sangra (PO Chhotosangra) (10 beds) Srinidhipur (PO Purbasiur) (6 beds) and Iswarpur (PO Ahmedpur) (10 beds).<ref>{{cite web \| url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf \| title = Health & Family Welfare Department \| work= Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals \| publisher = Government of West Bengal \|access-date = 26 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/BPHC.pdf \| title = Health & Family Welfare Department \| work= Health Statistics – Block Primary Health Centres \| publisher = Government of West Bengal \|access-date = 26 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf \| title = Health & Family Welfare Department \| work= Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres \| publisher = Government of West Bengal \|access-date = 26 January 2018}}</ref>		[[Sainthia State General Hospital]] at [[Sainthia]] has 100 beds.<ref>https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/uploaded_files/go/347.pdf {{Bare URL PDF\|date=March 2022}}</ref> There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)\|primary health centres]] at Amarpur (PO Gargaria) (10 beds), Bharmarkole (PO Kachuihata) (10 beds), Sangra (PO Chhotosangra) (10 beds) Srinidhipur (PO Purbasiur) (6 beds) and Iswarpur (PO Ahmedpur) (10 beds).<ref>{{cite web \| url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf \| title = Health & Family Welfare Department \| work= Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals \| publisher = Government of West Bengal \|access-date = 26 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/BPHC.pdf \| title = Health & Family Welfare Department \| work= Health Statistics – Block Primary Health Centres \| publisher = Government of West Bengal \|access-date = 26 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf \| title = Health & Family Welfare Department \| work= Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres \| publisher = Government of West Bengal \|access-date = 26 January 2018}}</ref>

	==External links==		==External links==

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{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Sainthia
|other_name =
|native_name =
|nickname =
|settlement_type = Community development block
|motto =
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|image_map =
|mapsize =
|map_caption = Location in West Bengal
|pushpin_map = India West Bengal
|pushpin_label_position =right
|pushpin_mapsize=
|pushpin_map_caption =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]]
|subdivision_type3 = Parliamentary constituency
|subdivision_name3 = [[Birbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Birbhum]]
|subdivision_type4 = Assembly constituency
|subdivision_name4 = [[Sainthia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sainthia]]
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|established_title =
|established_date =
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref = Metric
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 = 304.39
|area_land_km2 =
|population_as_of = 2011
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total = 195,349
|population_density_km2 = auto
|timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|utc_offset = +5.30
|coordinates = {{coord|23|49|38|N|87|42|07|E|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =
|postal_code_type = PIN
|postal_code =
|area_code =
|blank_name = Literacy Rate
|blank_info = 72.33 per cent
|website = http://birbhum.nic.in/
|footnotes =
}}

'''Sainthia''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in [[Suri Sadar subdivision]] of [[Birbhum district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
Birbhum district is physiographically a part of the ancient [[Rarh region]]. The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. The area has mostly loose reddish [[laterite|lateritic]] low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the [[Ajay River|Ajay]], [[Bakreshwar River|Bakreshwar]], [[Mayurakshi River|Mayurakshi]] and [[Brahmani River (Birbhum)|Brahmani]], have soft [[alluvium|alluvial]] soil. The forest cover is only 3.5% of the total district. Although coal is found in the district and [[Bakreshwar Thermal Power Station]] has a capacity of 2,010 MW, the economic condition of Birbhum is dominated by agriculture.<ref name=land>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page v: Progress and Heritage of Birbhum, Page 15: Physiography, Page 21: Tenancy, Agriculture | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 14 December 2017}}</ref> From 1977 onwards major[[Land reform in India|land reforms]] took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title=District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work= (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33|publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 7 August 2016}}</ref> In Birbhum district, 19,968 hectares of vested agricultural land has been distributed amongst 161,515 beneficiaries, till 2011. However, more than 38% of the operational land holding is marginal or less than 1 acre.<ref name=land/> The proportion of agricultural labourers amongst total workers in Birbhum district is 45.9%, the highest amongst all districts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1908_PART_B_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII B |work = Page 17 : District Highlights – 2011 census | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 14 December 2017}}</ref> Culturally rich Birbhum, with such traditional landmarks as [[Jaydev Kenduli]] and [[Nanoor|Chandidas Nanoor]], is home to [[Visva-Bharati University]] at [[Santiniketan]], having close association with two Nobel laureates – [[Rabindranath Tagore]] and [[Amartya Sen]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page v: Progress and Heritage of Birbhum, Pages 102-105: Bolpur-Satiniketan, Visva Bharati | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 14 December 2017}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Birbhum district map.svg|400px|thumb|left|Map of Birbhum district showing CD blocks and municipal areas. Click on the map to view larger map.]]

Ahmedpur is located at {{coord|23.8273|N|87.7019|E|format=dms|}}.

Sainthia CD Block is part of the Suri-Bolpur Plain, one of the four sub-micro physiographic regions of Birbhum district. It covers the [[interfluve]]s of the [[Mayurakshi River|Mayurakshi]] and [[Ajay River|Ajay]] rivers, in the south-eastern part of the district. This area exhibits somewhat upland topography sloping from north-west to south-east.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 15: Physiography | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 14 December 2017}}</ref>

Sainthia CD Block is bounded by [[Mohammad Bazar (community development block)|Mohammad Bazar]], [[Mayureswar I]] and [[Mayureswar II]] CD Blocks on the north, [[Labpur (community development block)|Labpur]] CD Block on the east, [[Bolpur Sriniketan]] CD Block on the south and [[Suri I]] and [[Suri II]] CD Blocks on the west.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/birbhum.html |title = Tehsil Map of Birbhum |work = CD Block/ Tehsil | publisher= Maps of India | access-date = 14 December 2017}}</ref>

Sainthia CD Block has an area of 304.39 km2. It has 1 [[Municipality]], 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|Panchayat Samity]], 12 [[Gram Panchayat]]s, 119 Gram Sansads (Village Councils), 230 [[Mouza]]s and 216 inhabited villages. [[Sainthia#and Panrui Police stations|Sainthia]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://birbhum.nic.in/dept/BAES_DIST_STAT_BK_2008.pdf|title = District Statistical Handbook 2008 Birbhum |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 | publisher= Bureau of Applied Economics and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 11 December 2017}}</ref> Headquarters of this CD Block is at [[Ahmedpur, Birbhum|Ahmedpur]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1908_PART_B_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Birbhum, Series 20, Part XII B | work= Map of Birbhum with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 11 December 2017 }}</ref>

The only one Municipality of Sainthia block is [[Sainthia]]. [[Gram panchayat]]s of Sainthia block/[[panchayat samiti]] are: Ahmedpur, Amarpur, Banogram, Bhromorkol, Deriapur, Fulur, Harisara, Hatora, Mathapalsa, Panrui Sangra and Srinidhipur.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Birbhum - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 17 December 2017}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Sainthia CD Block had a total population of 195,349, of which 186,107 were rural and 9,242 were urban. There were 100,141 (51%) males and 95,208 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 22,721. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 68,859 (35.25%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 24,019 (12.30%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 6 December 2017}}</ref>

As per 2001 census, Sainthia block had a total population of 176,124, out of which 90,434 were males and 85,690 were females. Sainthia block registered a population growth of 13.55 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for Birbhum district was 17.88 per cent.<ref name=census>{{cite web|url=http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_8.htm |title=Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, Birbhum District (8) |access-date=2011-10-10 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040904/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_8.htm |archive-date=2011-07-19 }}</ref> Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date= 4 February 2017 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref>

[[City]] in Sainthia CD Block is (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Sainthia]] (44,601).<ref name=census2011/>

[[Census Town]] in Sainthia CD Block is (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Ahmadpur, Birbhum|Ahmadpur]] (9,242).<ref name=census2011/>

Large village (with 4,000+ population) in Sainthia CD Block is (2011 census figure in brackets): Amua (4,398).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in Sainthia CD Block include (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Panrui]] (923), Srinidhipur (654), Fulur (1,117), Matpalsha (3,756), Bangram (823), Harisara (1,187) and Bharamarkol (1,913).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
As per the 2011 census the total number of literates in Sainthia CD Block was 124,849 (72.33% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 69,920 (78.94% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 54,929 (65.35% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 13.59%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Birbhum district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, [[Bengali language|Bengali]] has increased its share from 90.5% of the population of Birbhum district in 1961 to 91.9% in 2001, [[Santali language|Santali]] has decreased from 6.9% in 1961 to 5.9% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Hindi (1.2%), Khortha/ Khotta (0.3%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 48: Mother-tongue | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 14 December 2017}}</ref>

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Sainthia CD Block
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindu]]|Orange|77.68}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslim]]|Green|21.46}}
{{bar percent|[[Christians|Christian]]|Blue|0.39}}
{{bar percent|Others|Yellow|0.47}}
}}
In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 151,743 and formed 77.68% of the population in Sainthia CD Block. Muslims numbered 41,931 and formed 21.46% of the population. Christians numbered 765 and formed 0.39% of the population. Others numbered 910 and formed 0.47% of the population.<ref name=censusreligion2011>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html |title = C1 Population by Religious Community | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 25 December 2017}}</ref>

The proportion of Hindus in Birbhum district has declined from 72.2% in 1961 to 62.3% in 2011. The proportion of Muslims in Birbhum district has increased from 27.6% to 37.1% during the same period. Christians formed 0.3% in 2011.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 47: Religion| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 14 December 2017}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
As per the BPL household survey carried out in 2005, the proportion of [[Below Poverty Line (India)|BPL]] households in Sainthia CD Block was 31.9%, against 42.3% in Birbhum district. In six CD Blocks – Murarai II, Nalhati II, Rampurhat II, Rampurhat I, Suri II and Murarai I – the proportion of BPL families was more than 50%. In three CD Blocks – Rajnagar, Suri I and Labhpur – the proportion of BPL families was less than 30%. The other ten CD Blocks in Birbhum district were placed in between. According to the District Human Development Report, Birbhum, “Although there is no indication that the share of BPL households is more in blocks with higher share of agricultural labourer, there is a clear pattern that the share of BPL households is more in blocks with disadvantaged population in general and Muslim population in particular.” (The disadvantaged population includes SCs, STs and Muslims.)<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Birbhum/CHP-4.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Birbhum |work = Table 4.5 + Analytical Text: Number and percentage of BPL households, 2005, page 83-85 | publisher= Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 28 December 2017}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Saithia CD Block'''
|value1 = 21.68
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 54.97
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 3.34
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 20.01
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In Sainthia CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 17,518 and formed 21.68%, agricultural labourers numbered 44,406 and formed 54.97%, household industry workers numbered 2,697 and formed 3.34% and other workers numbered 16,167 and formed 20.01%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories ofEconomic Activity in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 28 December 2017}}</ref> Total workers numbered 80,788 and formed 41.36% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 114,561 and formed 58.64% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 28 December 2017}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teacher
s, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 31 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 28 December 2017}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 216 inhabited villages in Sainthia CD Block, as per District Census Handbook, Birbhum, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 214 villages (99.07%) have drinking water supply. 40 villages (18.52%) have post offices. 209 villages (96.76%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 75 villages (34.72%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 74 villages (34.26%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 18 villages (8.33%) have agricultural credit societies and 2 villages (0.93%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Birbhum, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 80 Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities,2011 | publisher = Directorate of Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 19 January 2018}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
Following [[Land reform in India|land reforms]] land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2004-05 (the agricultural labourer data is for 2001), persons engaged in agriculture in Sainthia CD Block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 7,982 (13.22%), patta (document) holders 7,825 (12.96%), small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 6,475 (10.72%), marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 6,500 (10.77%) and agricultural labourers 31,594 (52.33%).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Birbhum/CHP-4.pdf| title=District Human Development Report: Birbhum, Chapter IV: Economic Opportunities and Security of Livelihood | work= Table 4A1: Population Features of Farmers in the blocks of Birbhum for the year 2004-05 |publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 20 January 2018}}</ref>

Birbhum is a predominantly paddy cultivation-based agricultural district. The area under paddy cultivation in 2010-11 was 249,000 hectares of land. Paddy is grown in do, suna and sali classes of land. There is double to triple cropping system for paddy cultivation. Other crops grown in Birbhum are gram, masuri, peas, wheat, linseed, khesari, til, sugarcane and occasionally cotton. 192,470 hectares of cultivable land is under irrigation by different sources, such as canals, tanks, river lift irrigation and different types of tubewells. In 2009-10, 158,380 hectares were irrigated by canal water. There are such major irrigation projects as Mayurakshi and Hijli. Other rivers such as Ajoy, Brahmani, Kuskurni, Dwaraka, Hingla and Kopai are also helpful for irrigation in the district.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Birbhum, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 21-22: Agriculture, Irrigation | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 19 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Birbhum/CHP-4.pdf| title=District Human Development Report: Birbhum, Chapter IV: Economic Opportunities and Security of Livelihood | work= Chapter 4.5: Expansion of economic opportunities, Page 95 |publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 20 January 2018}}</ref>

In 2013-14, there were 74 fertiliser depots, 13 seed stores and 38 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in Sainthia CD block<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Birbhum | work = 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 11 July 2019 }}</ref>

In 2013-14, Sainthia CD block produced 68,186 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 22,907 hectares, 21,027 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 5,976 hectares, 4,470 tonnes of wheat from 1,759 hectares, 26,264 tonnes of potatoes from 1,338 hectares and 12,872 tonnes of sugar cane from 220 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Sainthia CD block was 26,170 hectares, out of which 18,100 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 1,660 hectares by tank water, 60 hectares by river lift irrigation, 5,000 hectares by deep tube wells and 1,350 hectares by shallow tube wells.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Banking===
In 2013-14, Saithia CD block had offices of 16 commercial banks and 5 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Other sectors===
According to the District Human Development Report, 2009, Birbhum is one of the most backward districts of West Bengal in terms of industrial development. Of the new industrial projects set-up in West Bengal between 1991 and 2005, only 1.23% came to Birbhum. [[Bakreshwar Thermal Power Station]] is the only large-scale industry in the district and employs about 5,000 people. There are 4 medium-scale industries and 4,748 registered small-scale industries.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Birbhum/CHP-4.pdf| title=District Human Development Report: Birbhum, Chapter IV: Economic Opportunities and Security of Livelihood | work= Chapter 4.4: Opportunities in Industries, Page 93 |publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 20 January 2018}}</ref>

The proportion of workers engaged in agriculture in Birbhum has been decreasing. According to the District Human Development Report, “more people are now engaged in non-agricultural activities, such as fishing, retail sales, vegetable vending, selling milk, and so on. As all these activities are at the lower end of the spectrum of marketable skills, it remains doubtful if these activities generate enough return for their family’s sustenance.”<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Birbhum/CHP-4.pdf| title=District Human Development Report: Birbhum, Chapter IV: Economic Opportunities and Security of Livelihood | work= Chapter 4.2: Structure of Employment, Page 78 |publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 20 January 2018}}</ref>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Birbhum district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title= Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines |publisher= Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India| access-date = 22 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 22 January 2018}}</ref>

==Transport==
{{Khana-Barharwa section|collapse=y}}
{{Andal–Sainthia branch line|collapse=yes}}
Sainthia CD block has 1 ferry service and 8 originating/ terminating bus routes.<ref name=handbook2014/>

The Khana-Barharwa section of [[Sahibganj loop]] passes through this block. There are stations at [[Sainthia Junction railway station|Sainthia]], Bataspur and Ahmadpur.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-barddhaman-barharwa-passenger-53063/14297/2/1381 | title= 53063 Bardhaman-Barharwa Passenger| work= Time Table |publisher= Indiarailinfo | access-date = 22 January 2018}}</ref>

The [[Andal-Sainthia branch line]] originates from Sainthia and there is a station at Kunuri.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/18255 | title= 53535 => 63535 Andal-Sainthia Memu| work= Time Table |publisher= Indiarailinfo | access-date = 22 January 2018}}</ref>

[[National Highway 114 (India)|NH 114]], running from Mallarpur to Bardhaman, [[State Highway 6 (West Bengal)|SH 6]], running from Rajnagar to Alampur, and [[State Highway 11 (West Bengal)|SH 11]], running from Mohammad Bazar to Ranaghat, pass through Sainthia CD Block.<ref>Google maps</ref>

==Education==
In 2013-14, Sainthia CD block had 176 primary schools with 11,006 students, 21 middle schools with 1,865 students, 13 high schools with 6,397 students and 7 higher secondary schools with 9,139 students. Sainthia CD Block had 6 technical/ professional institutions with 542 students and 445 institutions for special and non-formal education with 10,130 students. Sainthia municipal area had 1 general degree college (outside the CD block).<ref name=handbook2014/>

As per the 2011 census, in Sainthia CD Block, amongst the 216 inhabited villages, 30 villages did not have a school, 35 villages had more than 1 primary school, 39 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 20 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school. 8 villages had senior secondary schools.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Birbhum, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 936-937, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools, Page 933, Appendix I: Summary showing total number of villages having Educational, Medical and other amenities – C.D.Block level | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 22 January 2018}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2014, the Sainthia CD block had 5 primary health centers with total 47 beds and 5 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 33 family welfare subcentres. 26,559 patients were treated indoor and 31,329 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centers and sub-centers of the CD block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

As per 2011 census, in Sainthia CD Block, 2 villages had community health centers, 5 villages had primary health centers, 37 villages had primary health subcentres, 8 villages had maternity and child welfare centers, 2 villages had veterinary hospitals, 14 villages had medicine shops and out of the 216 inhabited villages 131 villages had no medical facilities.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Birbhum, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 933-34, Appendix I: Summary showing total number of villages having Educational, Medical and other amenities – C.D.Block level | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 22 January 2018}}</ref>

[[Sainthia State General Hospital]] at [[Sainthia]] has 100 beds.<ref>https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/uploaded_files/go/347.pdf</ref> There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Amarpur (PO Gargaria) (10 beds), Bharmarkole (PO Kachuihata) (10 beds), Sangra (PO Chhotosangra) (10 beds) Srinidhipur (PO Purbasiur) (6 beds) and Iswarpur (PO Ahmedpur) (10 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 26 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/BPHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Block Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 26 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 26 January 2018}}</ref>

==External links==
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Sainthia}}

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Birbhum topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Birbhum district]]

Sainthia (community development block) - Revision history

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