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[[File:Old Goa,Portal remains of St.Paul’s College.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.1|Gate of the St. Paul's College (only vestige)]]
'''St. Paul's College''' was a [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] school, and later college, founded circa 1542 by [[saint Francis Xavier]], at [[Old Goa]]. It was once the main Jesuit institution in the whole of Asia. It housed the first [[printing press]] in India, having published the first books in 1556.<ref>p.115, O'Malley, J W 1993, 'The First Jesuits', Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts</ref> The original building, however, was abandoned progressively after the outbreak of plague in 1578, and went into disuse as the college moved to new building known as the New College of Saint Paul.<ref>José Nicolau da Fonseca, [https://books.google.com/books?id=6b9fb_t9f4EC&lpg=PA315&dq=Saint%20Paul's%20College%2C%20Goa&pg=PA260#v=onepage&q=Saint%20Paul%20college&f=false An historical and archaeological sketch of the city of Goa: preceded by a short statistical account of the territory of Goa]</ref> It is an [[Archaeological Survey of India|ASI]] protected [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Goa|Monument of National Importance in Goa]].

The ruins were demolished in 1832. The only vestige of the original college and of the collegiate church consecrated on 25 January 1543 is the '''Gate of the College of St. Paul''', that can be seen south of St. Cajetan's church. The arch with a niche at the top and a cross crowning it, is built of [[laterite]] and flanked by [[basalt]] columns. The legacy of St. Paul's College endures until today in the [[Rachol Seminary]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.archgoadaman.org/content/st-pauls-college-rachol-seminary| title = St Paul's College & Rachol Seminary |author=Fr. Cosme Jose Costa sfx |year=2006| publisher = Archdiocese of Goa and Daman| access-date = 26 November 2010| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130915032209/http://www.archgoadaman.org/content/st-pauls-college-rachol-seminary| archive-date = August 15, 2013| df = mdy-all}}</ref>

==History==
In 1542 the first Jesuits arrived at India headed by [[Francis Xavier]], co-founder of the new [[Society of Jesus]]. They were sent by [[King John III of Portugal]] to help on religious issues in the [[Portuguese Empire]], under the [[Padroado]] agreement. In Goa, then capital of [[Portuguese India]] they established, at first temporarily, in the Seminary of the Holy Faith (Santa Fé) started by Miguel Vaz and Franciscan friar Diogo de Borba, under the patronage of governor [[Estêvão da Gama (16th century)|Estevão da Gama]] in 1541.<ref>Borges, pp.20-21</ref> Soon they renamed it "St. Paul's College" as it became the Jesuit' headquarters in Asia. The college had classes in [[grammar]], [[rhetoric]], and lectures on classical authors. It had also a school for 450 local students, teaching reading and writing, and an hospital. On 10 March 1554 the college got a grant from king John III of Portugal entitling it to the rents of the temples in Goa and nearby islands. It was also entitled to the gifts from local chiefs to the king.

The French traveler [[François Pyrard de Laval]], who visited Goa c.1608, described the College of St Paul, praising the variety of the subjects taught there free of charge. Like many other European travelers who visited the College, he recorded that at this time it had 3000 students, from all the missions of Asia. Its Library was one of the biggest in Asia, and the first Printing Press was mounted there.

==The first Printing Press==
[[File:Garcia-orta-coloquios.png|thumb|right|Title page of [[Garcia da Orta]]'s ''Colóquios''. Goa, 1563.]]
The art of [[printing]] first entered [[India]] through St. Paul's College in Goa. In a letter to [[St. Ignatius of Loyola]], dated 30 April 1556, Father Gasper Caleza speaks of a ship carrying a [[printing press]], setting sail from [[Portugal]] to [[Ethiopian Empire|Abyssinia]] (current-day Ethiopia) via Goa, with the purpose of helping [[missionary]] work. Circumstances prevented this printing press from leaving India, and consequently, printing operations began in Goa in 1556, established at the Jesuit College of St Paul in Old Goa.<ref>Manohararāya Saradesāya, [https://books.google.com/books?id=1YILeUD_oZUC&lpg=PA16&dq=henrique%20henriques%20st%20paul%20college%20goa&pg=PA15#v=onepage&q=henrique%20henriques%20st%20paul%20college%20goa&f=false A history of Konkani literature: from 1500 to 1992], Sahitya Akademi, 2000, {{ISBN|81-7201-664-6}}</ref>

That year, D. João Nunes Barreto, who had been appointed [[Abuna|Patriarch of Abyssinia]], and his coadjutor [[Belchior Carneiro Leitão|Belchior Leitão]]<ref>{{Catholic|wstitle=Melchior Carneiro}}</ref> stood residing in Goa, offering his episcopal services till the appointment of the first Archbishop of Goa, D. [[Gaspar de Leão Pereira]] in 1560. He introduced the printing press to Goa. The individual responsible for the initiation of printing in India was [[Joao De Bustamante]]. Bustamante, an expert printer sent accompanying the printing press, along with his Indian assistant set up the new press and began to operate it. Among others, four books are known to have been printed by Bustamante: The first book published that year was called ''Conclusiones Philosophicas''. A year later, the printing press published its second book, Catecismo da Doutrina Christã, five years after the death of its author, St. [[Francis Xavier]]. This was followed by the printing of [[Garcia da Orta]]’s ''[[Colóquios dos simples e drogas da India|Colóquios dos simples e drogas he cousas medicinais da Índia]]'' on 10 April 1563 by Joao de Endem. In 1568, the first illustrated cover page (the illustration being done with the relief technique of woodblock) was printed in Goa for the book Constituciones Do Arcebispado De Goa. The earliest, surviving printed book in India is the Compendio Spiritual Da Vide Christaa (Spiritual Compendium of the Christian life) of Gaspar Jorge de Leão Pereira, the Portuguese Archbishop of Goa.

== Notable alumni ==
*Blessed [[Miguel de Carvalho]] (1579-1624), [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] [[Catholic priest|priest]], and [[Martyrs of Japan|Martyr of Japan]]
*Saint [[Joseph Vaz]] (1651-1711), [[Oratory of Saint Philip Neri|Oratorian]] [[Catholic priest|priest]] and 'Apostle of Ceylon'.

==See also==
* [[Printing in Goa]]
* [[Printing in Tamil language]]
* [[Francis Xavier]]
* [[Henrique Henriques]]
* [[St. Paul's College, Macao]]
* [[List of Jesuit sites]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*Charles J. Borges, [https://books.google.com/books?id=6xfjeZTceUUC&lpg=PA20&dq=Saint%20Paul's%20College%2C%20Goa&pg=PA20#v=onepage&q&f=false The economics of the Goa Jesuits, 1542-1759: an explanation of their rise and fall], Concept Publishing Company, 1994, {{ISBN|81-7022-505-1}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Saint Paul's College, Goa}}

[[Category:Colonial Goa]]
[[Category:Defunct universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Jesuit universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Christianity in Goa]]
[[Category:Jesuit Asia missions]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in the 1540s]]
[[Category:1540s establishments in Portuguese India]]

Saint Paul's College, Goa - Revision history

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