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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}{{Infobox royalty
|name = Saifuddin Hamzah Shah
|title = as-Sulṭān as-Salāṭīn Sayf ad-Dunyā wa ad-Dīn
|image =
|caption =
|succession = [[Sultan of Bengal]]
|reign = 1410-1412
|coronation =
|full name =
|predecessor = [[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah]]
|successor = [[Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah]]
|regent =
|issue = [[Muhammad bin Hamzah]]
|house = [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty|Ilyas Shahi]]
|birth_name = Shāhzāda Ḥamzah ibn A`ẓam
|birth_date = 14th-century
|birth_place = [[Bengal Sultanate]]
|death_date = 1412
|death_place = [[Bengal Sultanate]]
|date of burial =
|place of burial =
|religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
}}{{Bengal Sultanate}}
'''Saifuddin Hamza Shah''' ({{lang-fa|سیف الدین حمزه شاه}}, {{lang-bn|সাইফুদ্দীন হামজ়া শাহ}}) was the fourth [[Sultan]] of the first [[Ilyas dynasty]] of [[Bengal]] reigning from 1410 to 1412.<ref name=bpedia>{{cite Banglapedia|author=Taher, MA|article=Saifuddin Hamza Shah}}</ref>

==Early life and background==
Hamza was born in the 14th-century into a ruling class [[Bengali Muslim]] [[Sunni]] family known as the [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty]], in the [[Bengal Sultanate]]. His father, Sultan [[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah]], was the grandson of [[Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah]] – the founder of the ruling dynasty as well as the nation. Hailing from what is now eastern [[Iran]] and southern [[Afghanistan]], Hamza's family was of [[Sistan]]i ancestral origin.

==Reign==

[[File:Tribute Giraffe with Attendant.jpg|thumb|150px|A Bengali envoy presenting a [[giraffe]] as a [[Tribute|tributary gift]] in the name of Saifuddin Hamza Shah to the [[Yongle Emperor]] of China.]]
The reasoning behind the death of Hamza's father, Sultan [[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah]], is contested between a natural death or an assassination plotted by [[Raja Ganesha]], the Hindu [[zamindar]] of [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh|Bhaturia]] who gained prominence in the Sultanate court.<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah|author=Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin}}</ref>

Following the death, Hamza assumed the throne with the grand title of "''Sultan-us-Salatin''", meaning ''Sultan of Sultans'', in 1420 CE with the support of the court nobles. He began minting coins in his name from cities such as [[Satgaon]], [[Sonargaon Upazila|Muazzamabad]] and [[Malda district|Firuzabad]]. Hamza also maintained a good relationship with the [[Yongle Emperor]] of [[Ming China]], and had an heir named [[Muhammad bin Hamzah]].<ref name=bpedia/>

==Death==
Hamza's reign was interrupted by a nationwide civil war instigated by Raja Ganesha. According to the Egyptian scholars [[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani]] and [[Al-Sakhawi]] who were alive at the time of receiving the news, Sultan Hamza Shah was murdered by his slave [[Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah|Mamluk Shihab]] in 1412.<ref name=bpedia /><ref>{{cite book|title=Inbā’ al-ghumr bi-anbā al-‘umr|author=[[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani]]|url=https://archive.org/details/InbaAlghumur/Inbaa_Ghomr_02/page/n496/mode/2up|trans-title=News of the immersion of the sons of age in history|volume=2|page=496|location=[[Cairo]], [[United Arab Republic]]|year=1969|publisher=al-Majlis al-A‘lā li-l-Shu’ūn al-Islāmiyah|language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=[[Al-Sakhawi]]|year=1966|volume=8|page=280|title=aḍ-Ḍau’ al-lāmi‘ li-ahl al-qarn al-tāsi‘|url=https://al-maktaba.org/book/6675/2580|location=[[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]]|publisher=Maktabat al-Hayat|language=ar|trans-title=The bright light for the people of the ninth century}}</ref>

The 20th-century Indian historian [[R. C. Majumdar]] however, believes that Shihab was Hamza's son and did not kill Hamza but rather succeeded him after his assassination.<ref name="m">{{cite book|author=[[R. C. Majumdar]]|year=2006|location=[[Mumbai]], [[Republic of India]]|pages=204-206|title=The Delhi Sultanate|publisher=[[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]]}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of rulers of Bengal]]
*[[History of Bengal]]
*[[History of Bangladesh]]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah]]|
title=[[Sultanate of Bengal|Sultan of Bengal]]|
years=1410–12|
after=[[Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah]]}}
{{s-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Ilyas}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Saifuddin Hamza}}
[[Category:1412 deaths]]
[[Category:Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:15th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:14th-century births]]
[[Category:15th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Ilyas Shahi dynasty]]
{{SAsia-hist-stub}}

Saifuddin Hamza Shah - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article