UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

2022-06-03T15:37:45Z

robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:07, 3 June 2022
Line 22:		Line 22:
	\|religion = [[Islam]]		\|religion = [[Islam]]
	}}		}}
	'''Malik Andil Habshi''' ({{lang-bn\|মালিক আন্দিল হাবশী}}), better known by his [[regnal title]] '''Saifuddin Firuz Shah''' ({{lang-bn\|সাইফউদ্দীন ফিরুজ শাহ}}, {{lang-fa\|{{Nastaliq\|سیف الدین فیروز شاه}}}}) was the second ~~Abyssinian~~ ruler of the [[Bengal Sultanate]]'s Habshi dynasty. He was a former army commander of the Sultanate's [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty]].<ref name="KingListsFarEast">[http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaBengal.htm KingListsFarEast]</ref>		'''Malik Andil Habshi''' ({{lang-bn\|মালিক আন্দিল হাবশী}}), better known by his [[regnal title]] '''Saifuddin Firuz Shah''' ({{lang-bn\|সাইফউদ্দীন ফিরুজ শাহ}}, {{lang-fa\|{{Nastaliq\|سیف الدین فیروز شاه}}}}) was the second "Habshi" ruler of the [[Bengal Sultanate]]'s Habshi dynasty. He was a former army commander of the Sultanate's [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty]].<ref name="KingListsFarEast">[http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaBengal.htm KingListsFarEast]</ref>

	==Biography==		==Biography==
Line 56:		Line 56:

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Firuz, Saifuddin}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Firuz, Saifuddin}}
	[[Category:~~Rulers~~ of Bengal]]		[[Category:Sultans of Bengal]]
	~~[[Category:History of West Bengal]]~~
	~~[[Category:History of Bangladesh~~]]
	[[Category:1489 deaths]]		[[Category:1489 deaths]]
	[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]		[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
	[[Category:15th-century Indian monarchs]]		[[Category:15th-century Indian monarchs]]
	[[Category:Habshis of Bengal]]		[[Category:Habshis of Bengal]]

->SalamAlayka at 15:13, 6 December 2021

2021-12-06T15:13:52Z

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox royalty
|name = Saifuddin Firuz Shah
|title =
|image = File:Firoze Minar at Gaur in Malda district 10.jpg
|caption = The [[Firuz Minar]] in [[Gauḍa (city)|Gauda]]
|succession = [[Sultan of Bengal]]
|reign = 1487-1489
|coronation =
|full name = Sultan al-Ahad waz-Zaman al-Azam al-Muazzam al-Adil Saif ad-Dunya wad-Din Abul Muzaffar Firuz Shah al-Sultan<ref name=dani>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.126929/page/n47|title=Asiatic Society Of Pakistan Vol-ii|author=Ahmad Hasan Dani|author-link=Ahmad Hasan Dani|chapter=Analysis of the Inscriptions|pages=38–41}}</ref>
|predecessor = [[Shahzada Barbak|Barbak Shah II]]
|successor = [[Mahmud Shah II]]
|regent =
|house = [[Habshi dynasty|Habshi]]
|birth_name = Malik Andil
|birth_date =
|birth_place =
|death_date = 1489
|death_place = [[Bengal Sultanate]]
|date of burial =
|place of burial =
|religion = [[Islam]]
}}
'''Malik Andil Habshi''' ({{lang-bn|মালিক আন্দিল হাবশী}}), better known by his [[regnal title]] '''Saifuddin Firuz Shah''' ({{lang-bn|সাইফউদ্দীন ফিরুজ শাহ}}, {{lang-fa|{{Nastaliq|سیف الدین فیروز شاه}}}}) was the second Abyssinian ruler of the [[Bengal Sultanate]]'s Habshi dynasty. He was a former army commander of the Sultanate's [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty]].<ref name="KingListsFarEast">[http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaBengal.htm KingListsFarEast]</ref>

==Biography==
Andil was the army commander of the [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty]] and took power after killing the rebel Sultan, [[Shahzada Barbak|Barbak Shah II]], in 1487. After claiming the throne, he styled himself as ''Saifuddin Firuz Shah''. It is said that Andil was an eunuch.<ref name=das>{{cite book|title=European Trade and Colonial Conquest, Volume 1|last=Dasgupta|first=Biplab|chapter=Political History|page=129|publisher=Anthem Press|year=2005}}</ref>

He is often considered as the real founder of the Habshi rule in Bengal as the previous Shahzada Barbak only ruled for a few months.<ref>{{cite book|title=Pan-Africanism in Modern Times: Challenges, Concerns, and Constraints|page=159|chapter=Blacks in Asia|last2=Abegunrin|first2=Olayiwola|last1=Abidde|first1=Sabella Ogbobode|publisher=Lexington Books|date=15 Jun 2016}}</ref> This is reinforced in an inscription found in Garh Jaripa in [[Sreebardi Upazila|Sreebardi, Sherpur]], where he was ordering the construction of someone's tomb and referred to himself as Sultan al-Ahad (the first Sultan). The four corners of the person's tomb each bore the names of the [[Rashidun]] caliphs and the inscription sent blessings upon the [[Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]], his daughter [[Fatimah]] and her two sons [[Hasan ibn Ali|Hasan]] and [[Husayn ibn Ali|Husayn]]. This inscription can now be found in the [[Indian Museum, Kolkata]].<ref name=dani/> Firuz Shah minted coins during his reign and mentions the historical town of Mahmudabad.<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Mint Towns|author=Muhammad Akhtaruzzaman}}</ref>

He is described as a patron of architecture and calligraphy in Bengal. He ordered Majlis Sa'd to build a mosque in [[Malda district|Maldah]]. On 18 January 1489, he ordered Mukhlis Khan to the construction of a ten-domed mosque in Goamatli, [[Maldah]]. In the same year, he also ordered Ulugh Ali Zafar Khan to construct a mosque in [[Kalna, India|Kalna]].<ref name=dani/><ref>{{cite book|title=The African Diaspora in India: Assimilation, Change and Cultural Survivals|last=Bhatt|first=Purnima Mehta|chapter=Sidis in Bengal|page=43}}</ref> It is also considered that the Bokainagar and Tajpur forts were established by Majlis Khan Humayun during his expedition to [[Kamrup region|Kamarupa]], under the orders of Firuz Shah.<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Bokainagar Fort|author=Shahnaj Husne Jahan}}</ref> He also built the Katra mosque in Maldah and the inscription contains authentic [[Tughra]] calligraphy.<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Muslim Calligraphy|author=PIS Mustafizur Rahman}}</ref>

His most famous architecture is the [[Firuz Minar]]. Named after himself, it is a large five-storeyed tower situated in [[Gauḍa (city)|Gauda]].<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Firuz Minar|author=ABM Husain}}</ref> The construction started in 1485 before his reign, but was completed in 1489 to commemorates his victories in the battlefield.<ref name="Malda">{{cite web |title=Places to visit |url=http://malda.gov.in/place_about.htm |accessdate=24 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="ASI">{{cite web |title=Firoz Minar |url=http://www.asikolkata.in/maldah.aspx |publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India|ASI Kolkata]] |accessdate=24 March 2019}}</ref> According to tradition, he threw the chief architect from the topmost storey as he was not satisfied with the tower's height and wanted it to be taller.<ref>{{cite web |title=ইতিহাসের দেশে ২ / দাখিল দরওয়াজা, ফিরোজ মিনার, বাইশগজী দেওয়াল |url=https://www.khaboronline.com/travel/short-tour/in-the-land-of-history-dakhil-darwaja-firoj-minar-and-baishgajee-deoyal/ |publisher=Khabar Online |accessdate=24 March 2019 |language=bn |date=24 May 2018}}</ref>

==Death==
His rule lasted two years until his death in 1489 where he was succeeded by his adopted son, [[Mahmud Shah II]].<ref name="KingListsFarEast"/> Most historians consider that he died of natural causes while some such as [[Ghulam Husain Salim]] and [[Jadunath Sarkar]] say that he was also killed by one of the Abyssinian palace-guards.<ref name=das/>

{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Shahzada Barbak]] |
title=[[Sultanate of Bengal|Habshi dynasty of Bengal]] |
years=1487–1489 |
after=[[Mahmud Shah II]]
}}
{{s-end}}

==See also==
*[[List of rulers of Bengal]]
*[[History of Bengal]]
*[[History of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Firuz, Saifuddin}}
[[Category:Rulers of Bengal]]
[[Category:History of West Bengal]]
[[Category:History of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:1489 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:15th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Habshis of Bengal]]

Saifuddin Firuz Shah - Revision history

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

->SalamAlayka at 15:13, 6 December 2021