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{{Short description|The appellation for the Mother Goddess/ Mother of God in Konkan}}
{{italic title}}{{Multiple issues|
{{Additional citations|date=July 2021}}
{{Original research|date=July 2021}}{{NPOV|date=September 2021}}
}}
'''''Saibini''''' is the appellation that refers to the [[Mother Goddess]] (''[[Devi]]'') and [[Mother of God (Roman Catholic)|the Mother of God]] (''[[Deipara]]'') in the [[Konkan region]] of [[western India]], especially by the natives of [[Goa and Damaon]]. It is also used by both [[Indian Christian]] and [[Smriti]]ist (Hindu) [[Konkani people]] all along the [[Canara]] region in [[Carnataca]], and by the Konkani diaspora in [[Persian Gulf countries]] and [[Western countries]]. {{Cn span|The word can be translated as '[[Dame (title)|Dame]]' in the [[English language|English]] titular sense. Prior to the 1500s, the word was only used for the goddess [[Shantadurga]] or Santeri.|date=July 2021}}{{weight|date=September 2021}}

[[Image:Shantadurga.jpg|200px|thumb|left|''Saibini''—The Mother Goddess Shantadurga aka Santeri.]]

The beginnings of [[nature worship]] and [[goddess|goddess cults]] predates the [[Indo-Aryan migration]]s, when the [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmin]]s and others settled in [[Govapuri]] and other prominent cities of [[Konkan]], they began worshipping the Mother Goddess by incorporating the [[Shakti]] sect. The ''[[adivasi]]'' (aboriginal) goddess [[Santeri]] of ant hills was [[Sanskritrisation|Sanskritised]] by [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryans]] and many temples were built around huge ant hills and snake pits. Thus, Shantadurga and Santeri were worshipped by all sections of the Konkani society, including [[SCs and STs]] who were mistreated as [[untouchability|untouchables]] and [[dalits|outcastes]] because their diets included [[beef bans in India|beef]]. The ''[[Mahalasa|Mhalsa]] Devi'' of [[Mardol, Goa|Mardol]] is also commonly referred to as ''Saibini''. The arrival of the [[Portuguese East Indies|Portuguese]] in [[Goa and Damaon]] and also in [[Portuguese Bombay and Bassein]] during the early sixteenth century, and saw the beginning of ''en masse'' [[Christianisation of Goa|Christianisation]] of the locals in the [[Velhas Conquistas|Old Conquests]] areas and resulted in the destruction of the temples of Santeri.

[[Religious syncretism]] and [[polytheistic]] beliefs and practices of worshipping multiple gods and goddesses was discontinued in a Christianised atmosphere, missionaries instead encouraged converts to hold a great devotion and reverence for the Christian counterpart, the Virgin-Mother figure of [[St Mary]]. Thus, St Mary as the [[Perpetual Virgin]] (''Aankvaari'' in [[Konkani language]] and [[Bombay East Indian dialect]]s), and as the [[Mother of God (Roman Catholic)|Mother of God]], was bestowed the title ''Saibini'' by Christians in devotional literature and [[hymns]], though the Konkani translation of the [[Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary|Litany of St Mary]] does not mention it. A number of churches and convents dedicated to the Christian Virgin-Mother were also destroyed during the Mahratta Invasion of [[Portuguese Goa]] and [[Portuguese Bombay and Bassein]] in north Konkan, the [[Basilica of Mount Bandra (Bombay)]] was one of the few Christian places left standing during the period of [[Peshwa]] Brahmin and [[Mahrattas|Mahratta]] varna violence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/mumbai/lost-at-sea-burnt-on-good-friday-mumbais-church-statues-tell-curious-tales/articleshow/50253579.cms|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151221191812/https://m.timesofindia.com/city/mumbai/lost-at-sea-burnt-on-good-friday-mumbais-church-statues-tell-curious-tales/articleshow/50253579.cms|archive-date = 2015-12-21|title = Lost at sea, burnt on Good Friday, Mumbai's church statues tell curious tales | Mumbai News - Times of India}}</ref>

[[Our Lady of Miracles]] at [[Mapusa]] is called ''Milaagrichi Saibini'' by [[Goan Catholics]], and [[Our Lady of Perpetual Succour]] at [[St. Michael's Church, Mumbai|Maahim Church]] is referred to as ''Nityadaarachi Saibinn'' by [[Bombay East Indian]] Catholics in the [[Konkan division]] of [[Maharashtra, India]].

Owing to the fact that people of different [[Hindu sect]]s who visit Christian [[shrine]]s and join [[processions]] to pray for their ''[[mannat]]s'' (petitions), and [[Latin Christians]] who participate in certain Hindu ''[[Kuladevata]]'' festivals, the distinction between Santeri and Mother Mary are sometimes lost, and gives way to [[interfaith]] dialogue and [[religious pluralism|intercommunal harmony]]. Mother Mary is also referred to as ''Monti Saibini'' by the [[Mangalorean Christian]]s and [[Karwari Catholics|Karwari Christians]] of Canara on the auspicious occasion of the ''[[Monti Fest]]''.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

* [[Manohar Rai Sardesai|Dr. Manohar Rai Sardesai]] (2000) "''A History of Konkani Literature: From 1500 to 1992''." Sahitya Akademi. {{ISBN|9788172016647}}.
* [http://www.east-indians.com/marymarathi.htm Marian hymns #Fatima Saibini]. ''East-Indians.com''. Retrieved on 25 July 2019.
* [https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=515523 Honnavar: Konkani hymn CD 'Naman Ballok Jezu, Fatima Saibini’ released]. 23 June 2018. [[Mangalore]]: ''[[Daijiworld Media|Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd]]''. Retrieved on 25 July 2019.
* [[Maria Aurora Couto]] (2005) "''Goa: A Daughter's Story''." Penguin UK. {{ISBN|9789351180951}}.

[[Category:Hinduism in Goa]]
[[Category:Hindu goddesses]]
[[Category:Forms of Parvati]]
[[Category:Virgin goddesses]]

Saibini - Revision history

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