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	* [[Kerala Yukthivadi Sangham]]		* [[Kerala Yukthivadi Sangham]]
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	~~{{Portal\|India\|Literature}}~~

	== See Also (Social reformers of Kerala) ==		== See Also (Social reformers of Kerala) ==

>Neconnaitpoint: Minor spelling fix.

2021-10-03T15:59:11Z

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{{short description|Indian social reformer and activist}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Sahodaran K Ayyappan
|image = SahodaranAyyappanImage.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = ''സഹോദരൻ അയ്യപ്പൻ''
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1889|8|21}}
| birth_place = [[Cherai]], [[Ernakulam]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1968|3|6|1889|8|22}}
| death_place = Kerala
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
|other_names = Ayyappan master
| occupation = Social reformer, thinker, journalist, politician
| alma mater =
| spouse = Parvathy
| domesticpartner =
| children = One daughter and a son
| parents = {{ublist|Kochavu Vaidyan|Unnooli}}
| influences =
| influenced =
| notable_works =
| website =
| awards =
}}
'''Kumbalathuparambu Ayyappan''' (August 21, 1889 – March 6, 1968), better identified as '''Sahodaran Ayyappan''' , was a social reformer, thinker, rationalist, [[journalist]], and politician from [[Kerala]], [[India]]. A vocal follower of [[Sree Narayana Guru]], he was associated with a number of events related to the [[Kerala reformation movement]] and was the organizer of ''Misra Bhojanam'' in [[Cherai]] in 1917. He founded ''Sahodara Sangam'', and the journal ''Sahodaran'' and was the founder editor of the magazine ''Yukthivadhi''.

== Biography ==
[[File:Sahodaran ayyappan home.JPG|thumb|250px|left|Sahodaran Ayyapan's home at Cherai]]
K. Ayyappan was born on August 21, 1889, in [[Cherai]], [[Vypin Island]], in [[Ernakulam district]] of the present day south Indian state of [[Kerala]] in an aristrocatic [[Ezhava]] family of [[ayurvedic]] physicians to Kumabalathuparambil Kochavu Vaidyar and Unnooli,<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/Sahodaran/Html/Sahodarangraphy.htm |title=Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |date=2019-04-27 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> as the youngest of their nine children.<ref name="Biography - Sahodaran Ayyappan Smarakam">{{Cite web |url=http://sahodaranayyappansmarakam.org/ |title=Biography - Sahodaran Ayyappan Smarakam |date=2019-04-27 |website=sahodaranayyappansmarakam.org |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref><ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan : A visionary social reformer of Kerala">{{Cite web |url=https://www.academia.edu/4767259 |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan : A visionary social reformer of Kerala |last=Vu |first=Jaya Krishnan |date=2019-04-27 |website=Academia |language=en |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> His father died when he was a child and was brought up under the guidance of his elder brother, Achuthan Vaidyar.<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan – Sree Narayana Gurudevan">{{Cite web |url=http://gurudevan.net/sahodaran-ayyappan-2/ |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan – Sree Narayana Gurudevan |last=Gurudevan.Net |date=2019-04-27 |language=en-US |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> His early education was in the traditional way and he learnt [[Sanskrit]] from local teachers such as Mattapilla Kannu Asan and Kochupilla Asan after which he started the formal education at a local school started by Nediyara Achan Bava. Subsequently, he studied at schools in [[Pallippuram, Ernakulam|Pallippuram]] and [[North Paravur]] before passing the pre-degree course from [[Malabar Christian College]] to join Maharaja's College, Thiruvananthapuram, the present-day [[University College Thiruvananthapuram|University College]] for his under graduate studies.<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan - Socal Reformer of Kerala">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/sahodaran-ayyappan/703 |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan - Socal Reformer of Kerala |date=2019-04-27 |website=www.keralaculture.org |language=en |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> In between, there was a short break in studies due to health issues.<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan – Sree Narayana Gurudevan" /> During this period, he had the opportunity to interact with [[Narayana Guru]] and it was Guru who arranged for Ayyappan's stay in Thiruvananthapuram with the noted poet, [[Kumaran Asan]]. After completing his graduate studies in 1916, he returned to his native place to start his career started as a teacher at Rama Varma Union High School, Cherai but he could not carry his social and political life along with the teaching career and he quit the job. Later, he studied law but that was a futile attempt as he failed in the FL examination.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" />

Ayyappan was married to Parvathy and the couple had a daughter, Aisha and a son, Sugathan.<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan and Rationalism">{{Cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/4181/10/10_chapter%204.pdf |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan and Rationalism |date=2019-04-27 |website=Shodhganga |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> He died on March 6, 1968, at the age of 78,following a cardiac arrest.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" />

==Reform movements==
{{Reformation in Kerala}}
After his [[graduation]], he returned to [[Cherai]] from [[Thiruvananthapuram]] in 1917 and founded ''Sahodara Sangham'' (The Brotherhood Association), a platform to launch his fight against the [[Caste system in India|Caste system]].<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan – Sree Narayana Gurudevan" /> Under the aegis of this organization, he organized a ''Misra Bhojanan'', a feast where people of all castes sat and dined under one roof, at the house of Ayyappan's nephew, Raman Pillai, on May 30, 1917, a revolutionary venture during those days and the conservative [[Ezhava]] community opposed it.<ref name="Misrabhojanam centenary fete">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/Misrabhojanam-centenary-fete/article15007361.ece |title=Misrabhojanam centenary fete |date=2016-09-30 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> Around 200 people including members representing the [[Pulayas|Pulaya]] caste, who were considered [[Untouchability|untouchable]] attended the feast and the effort earned him the moniker, ''Pulaya Ayyappan'', meant to be derogatory but Ayyappan accepted it as a decoration. The founding of the ''Sahodara Sangham'' also earned him another epithet, ''Sahodaran Ayyappan'', with which he came to be known thereafter.<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan - Sree Narayana Guru.in">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sreenarayanaguru.in/content/11-sahodaran-ayyappan |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan - Sree Narayana Guru.in |date=2019-04-27 |website=www.sreenarayanaguru.in |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref>

Narayana Guru supported the efforts of Sahodara Sangham through a message sent on May 15, 1921,<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" /> and in order to propagate his ideals, Ayyappan started a journal, ''Sahodaran'', from [[Mattancherry]];<ref name="Sahodara Movement">{{Cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/4181/8/08_chapter%202.pdf |title=Sahodara Movement |date=2019-04-27 |website=Shodhganga |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> the journal continued to be in print until 1956.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" /> IN 1929, when M. Ramavarma Thampan, [[Mithavaadi Krishnan]], [[C. V. Kunhiraman]], and [[Mookencheril Cherian Joseph|M. C. Joseph]] started the [[Yukthivadi]] (The Rationalist), he became the founder editor of the magazine. He modified the famous slogan of Narayana Guru, ''Oru Jaathi Oru Matham Oru Daivam Manushyanu'' (One Caste, One Religion, One God for Mankind) as ''Jati Venda, Matam Venda, Deivam Venda Manushyanu'' (No Caste, No Religion, No God for Mankind).<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan - Socal Reformer of Kerala" />

==Political career==
In 1928, Ayyappan successfully contested the election to the [[Cochin Legislative Council]] and he retained the seat for the next 21 years.<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan – Sree Narayana Gurudevan" /> He became a minister in the Cochin Legislative assembly in 1947 and when the state of Travancore and Kochi was united to form [[Travancore-Cochin]] state, he continued to serve as a minister, only to resign from the post when the government started dismissing lower level employees as an austerity measure.<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan - Socal Reformer of Kerala" /> However, in the next elections in October 1949, the [[Kochi rajya prajamandalam|Prajamandalam Party]] secured majority to form a ministry under the leadership of [[E. Ikkanda Warrier]], he joined the ministry along with [[Panampilli Govinda Menon]] and C. A. Ouseph.<ref name="History of Kerala Legislature">{{Cite web |url=http://www.kerala.gov.in/ele_rep/ele_51.htm |title=History of Kerala Legislature |date=2006-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214085355/http://www.kerala.gov.in/ele_rep/ele_51.htm |access-date=2019-04-27|archive-date=14 December 2006 }}</ref> He also served as a minister under [[Paravoor T. K. Narayana Pillai]] but resigned the post when the ministerial responsibilities interfered with his social life.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" />

== Literary career ==
Ayyappan published six books of poetry and an essay compilation, ''Sadhesheeyam''''.<ref name="List of works">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/Sahodaran/Html/SahodaranPage.htm |title=List of works |date=2019-04-27 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> Besides, he also wrote several articles and editorials which appeared in the publications he was associated with.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" />

== Memorials and honours ==
On February 14, 1996, [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]], the then president of India, unveiled a statue of Ayyappan in Kochi.<ref name="The Making of a Brotherhood: An anti-caste communal feast in Kerala and its relevance in current culture wars">{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/the-making-of-a-brotherhood-4697780/ |title=The Making of a Brotherhood: An anti-caste communal feast in Kerala and its relevance in current culture wars |date=2017-06-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> The Government of Kerala has set up Sahodaran Ayyappan Memorial at the house where Ayyappan was born<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan Museum">{{Cite web |url=https://www.muzirisheritage.org/sahodaran-ayyappan-museum.php |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan Museum |date=2019-04-27 |website=www.muzirisheritage.org |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> which houses Sahodaran Ayyappan Smaraka Library and the Sahodaran Ayyappan museum.<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan Memorial at Cherayi">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/sahodaran-ayyappan-memorial-cherai/515 |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan Memorial at Cherayi |date=2019-04-27 |website=www.keralaculture.org |language=en |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> Three educational institutions in Kerala bear the name of Ayyappan, viz. Sahodaran Ayyappan Smaraka (SNDP) Yogam College, [[Konni, Kerala|Konni]], [[Pathanamthitta district]],<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan Smaraka (SNDP) Yogam College">{{Cite web |url=https://worldacad.com/india/sahodaran-ayyappan-smaraka-sndp-yogam-college-kerala/1163?overview=view |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan Smaraka (SNDP) Yogam College |date=2019-04-27 |website=worldacad.com |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> Sahodaran Memorial High School, Cherai,<ref name="SM High School, Cherai, Ernakulam">{{Cite web |url=http://wikimapia.org/501651/SM-High-School-Cherai-Ernakulam |title=SM High School, Cherai, Ernakulam |date=2019-04-27 |website=wikimapia.org |language=en |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> and the Sahodaran Ayyappan Memorial College of Education, Poothotta.<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan Memorial College Of Education, Poothotta">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sampoothotta.org/ |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan Memorial College Of Education, Poothotta |date=2019-04-27 |website=www.sampoothotta.org |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> One of the main arterial roads in Kochi has been named after him as [[S.A Road|Sahodaran Ayyappan Road]].<ref name="Widening of Sahodaran Ayyappan Road delayed">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/widening-of-sahodaran-ayyappan-road-delayed/article3132703.ece |title=Widening of Sahodaran Ayyappan Road delayed |date=2006-05-13 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> An annual award, the ''Sahodaran Media Award'', has been instituted to recognize excellence in journalism.<ref name="‘Imbibe Sahodaran Ayyappan’s ideals’">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/imbibe-sahodaran-ayyappans-ideals/article4497289.ece |title='Imbibe Sahodaran Ayyappan's ideals' |author=Staff Reporter |date=2013-03-11 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref><ref name="Manorama journalist Harikrishnan bags Sahodaran media award">{{Cite web |url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/manorama-journalist-harikrishnan-bags-sahodaran-media-award.html |title=Manorama journalist Harikrishnan bags Sahodaran media award |website=OnManorama |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref>

== Popular media ==
* A documentary film about Sahodaran Ayyappan, part of a series of films on prominent Malayalis, was narrated by [[M. K. Sanu]], who also wrote a biography of him.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
സഹോദരൻ-അയ്യപ്പൻ-സ്മാരകം-കൊച്ചി.jpg|Statue of Ayyappan in Kochi
MishraBhojanaSilpaMathil.jpg|Mural depicting Mishra Bhojanam
Mrs.Aysha Ayyappan.jpg|Aisha Gopalakrishnan, Ayyappan's daughter
YUKTHIVADI.JPG|Issue of Yukthivadi magazine dated April 4, 1936
Birthplace Of Sahodaran Ayyappan.jpeg|Birthplace
Sahodaran Ayyappan Statue Stone.JPG|Statue stone
Sahodaran Ayyappan Smaraka Library.jpeg|Sahodaran Ayyappan Smaraka Library
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=40em}}
* [[List of Malayalam-language authors by category]]
* [[List of Malayalam-language authors]]
* [[Kerala Yukthivadi Sangham]]
{{div col end}}
{{Portal|India|Literature}}

== See Also (Social reformers of Kerala) ==

* [[Narayana Guru|Sree Narayana Guru]]
* [[Padmanabhan Palpu|Dr. Palpu]]
* [[Kumaran Asan|Kumaranasan]]
* [[Ayyathan Gopalan|Rao Sahib Dr. Ayyathan Gopalan]]
* [[Brahmananda Swami Sivayogi]]
* [[Vagbhatananda|Vaghbhatananda]]
* [[Mithavaadi Krishnan]]
* [[Moorkoth Kumaran]]
* [[Ayyankali]]
* [[Ayya Vaikundar]]
* [[Pandit Karuppan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite book |url=https://find.uoc.ac.in/Record/207672 |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan |last=Sanu |first=M. K. |date=1980 |publisher=DC Books |language=Malayalam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://103.251.43.202:8080/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=1183 |title=Sahodaran K. Ayyappan| last=Sanu |first=M. K. |date=2011 |publisher=Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society| language=Malayalam}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=77567&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520sahodara%2520ayyappan |title=Sahodarante Padya Krithikal |last=Ayyappan
|first=K. |date=1981 |publisher=D. C. Books |location=Kottayam}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Sahodaran Ayyappan}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://geocities.com/guruforum/ayyappan.htm |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan - Reformist from Kerala |date=2009-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026190709/http://geocities.com/guruforum/ayyappan.htm |access-date=2019-04-27|archive-date=26 October 2009 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181254/http://www.kerala.gov.in/keracallaug04/p32.pdf Kerala.gov.in: Orma Film Festival 2004 - documentary on Ayyappan narrated by M. K. Sanu]

{{Authority control}}
{{Narayana Guru}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ayyappan, Sahodaran}}
[[Category:Narayana Guru]]
[[Category:Malayali politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kochi]]
[[Category:Indian materialists]]
[[Category:Indian atheists]]
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1968 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian social reformers]]
[[Category:Journalists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Writers from Kochi]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Activists from Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian scholars]]
[[Category:Scholars from Kochi]]
[[Category:Malabar Christian College alumni]]
[[Category:University College Thiruvananthapuram alumni]]

Sahodaran Ayyappan - Revision history

JovitaMcClinton: page updated

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

>Neconnaitpoint: Minor spelling fix.