->Manavati at 20:12, 16 November 2021

2021-11-16T20:12:44Z

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{{Short description|Wife of Mughal Emperor Jahangir}}
{{Infobox royalty
| consort = yes
| name = Sahib Jamal
| image = Anarkali tomb, November 2008.jpg
| caption = The tomb of Sahib Jamal in Lahore
| title =
| reign =
| spouse = [[Jahangir]] (pre-accession)
| issue = [[Parviz (Mughal prince)|Sultan Parviz Mirza]]<br /> Two daughters
| house = [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] ''(by marriage)''
| father = Khwaja Hasan
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Herat]], [[Afghanistan]]
| death_date = {{circa}} 25 June 1599<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Thackston |editor-first=Wheeler M. |translator=Thackston |title=The Jahangirnama : memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India|url=https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha|date=1999|publisher=Oxford Univ. Press|location=New York [u.a.]|isbn=9780195127188|page=[https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha/page/8 8]}}</ref>
| death_place = [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]]
| place of burial = [[Tomb of Anarkali|Tomb of Sahib Jamal]], Lahore
| religion = [[Islam]]
| full name = '''Persian'''<br>'''_______''<br>''''صاحب جمال'''
}}

'''Sahib Jamal''' ({{lang-fa|صاحب جمال}}; died {{circa}} 25 June 1599) was the wife of Prince Salim Mirza, the future Mughal emperor [[Jahangir]] and the mother of his second son, Prince [[Parviz (Mughal prince)|Parviz]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Balabanlilar|first=Lisa|title=Imperial Identity in the Mughal Empire : Memory and Dynastic Politics in Early Modern South and Central Asia|publisher=I.B. Tauris|location=London|isbn=9781848857261|page=10|year=2012}}</ref>

==Family==
Sahib Jamal was of [[Turkish people|Turkish]] origin<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shujauddin|first1=Mohammad|last2=Shujauddin|first2=Razia|title=The Life and Times of Noor Jahan|date=1967|publisher=The Caravan Book House|location=Lahore|language=en|page=71}}</ref> and was the daughter of a respected [[Muslim]] religious personality, Khwaja Hasan of [[Herat]], making her the cousin of [[Zain Khan Koka]], who was a leading official in the [[Mugal Empire]] under [[Akbar]], including serving for a time as governor of [[Kabul]].<ref name=Findly>{{cite book|last1=Findly|first1=Ellison Banks|title=Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India|date=1993|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195360608|pages=124 125}}</ref> Her father, Khwaja Hasan, was known widely for his scholarship and studies in the techniques of warfare. Akbar held him in high esteem, and often discussed with him the spiritual problems that often agitated his mind.<ref name="Lal" /> Zain Khan's daughter, [[Khas Mahal]] was also married to Jahangir.<ref>{{cite book|first=Ziyaud-Din A.|last=Desai|title=Purā-prakāśa: Recent Researches in Epigraphy, Numismatics, Manuscriptology, Persian Literature, Art, Architecture, Archaeology, History and Conservation: Dr. Z.A. Desai Commemoration Volume, Volume 1
|publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan|year=2003|pages=281|isbn=978-8-180-90007-5}}</ref>

Sahib Jamal was a beautiful,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lal|first1=K.S.|title=The Mughal harem|date=1988|publisher=Aditya Prakashan|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788185179032|page=27}}</ref> highly cultured and well educated woman, who was fully conversant with the rules and etiquettes of the palace.<ref name=Lal>{{cite book|last1=Lal|first1=Muni|title=Jahangir|date=1983|publisher=Vikas|location=New Delhi|isbn=9780706922714|pages=27 28}}</ref>

==Marriage==
Salim married her on 1586.<ref name="Findly" /> Upon her marriage, she was given the title "Sahib Jamal", which literally means ("Paragon of Beauty") or ("Mistress of Beauty") which was chosen by Akbar himself, by which name she came to be styled thereafter.<ref>{{cite book|last=Prasad|first=Beni|title=History of Jahangir|year=1940|publisher=Indian Press, Limited|page=26|edition=3}}</ref>

Sahib Jamal bore her husband his second son, [[Muhammad Parviz|Sultan Parviz Mirza]] on November 1589.<ref name="Findly" />

In 1596 Salim became violently enamoured of Khas Mahal, the daughter of Zain Khan, and meditated marrying her. Akbar was displeased at the impropriety. The cause of Akbar's objection was Sahib Jamal who had already been married to Salim. Akbar objected to marriages between near relations. However, when Akbar saw that Salim's heart was immoderately affected, he, of necessity, gave his consent.<ref name name="henry">{{cite book|title=Akbarnama of Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak - Volume III|first=Henry|last=Beveridge|year=1907|publisher=Asiatic Society, Calcutta|pages=1058–9 n. 3}}</ref>

==Death and burial place==
Sahib Jamal died {{circa}} 25 June 1599 in [[Lahore]], present-day [[Pakistan]], and was also buried there. Construction of her tomb dates to either 1599 [[Common era|C.E.]] or 1615 C.E.<ref name=Anarkali>{{cite news|title=Legend: Anarkali: myth, mystery and history|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/694833/legend-anarkali-myth-mystery-and-history|access-date=23 August 2016|agency=Dawn|date=11 February 2012}}</ref>

There is a popular misconception that the [[Tomb of Anarkali|Tomb of Sahib Jamal]] in Lahore is the tomb of the legendary dancing girl [[Anarkali]]. As per the legend, the tomb was said to be built by the Mughal emperor Jahangir for his love Anarkali, who was caught by Emperor Akbar for exchanging glances with Jahangir, at the time known as Prince Salim. Anarkali was reportedly a concubine of Akbar, and this action reportedly enraged Akbar so much, that he had Anarkali interred alive in a wall. When Prince Salim ascended the throne and took the name "Jahangir," he is reported to have ordered the construction of a tomb over the site of the wall in which Anarkali was reportedly buried.<ref name=Anarkali/>

18th century historian Abdullah Chagatai reported that the tomb was not the resting place for Anarkali, but instead for Jahangir's beloved wife Sahib Jamal.<ref name=Anarkali/> Many modern historians accept the credulity of this account.<ref name="Anarkali's Tomb">{{cite web|title=Anarkali's Tomb|url=https://sites.ualberta.ca/~rnoor/tomb_anarkali.html|website=Lahore Sites|access-date=23 August 2016}}</ref> The building is currently used as the Punjab Archives, so access to the public is limited.

[[File:Anarkali tomb sarcophagus, November 2008.jpg|thumb|The richly carved cenotaph is made of white [[marble]].]]
Sahib Jamal's white marble cenotaph features carvings with the [[Names of God in Islam|99 names of Allah]], and was described by 19th century historians as "one of the finest pieces of carving in the world."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Eastwick|first1=Edward Backhouse|title=Handbook of the Punjab, Western Rajputana, Kashmir, and Upper Sindh|date=1883|publisher=John Murray, Albemarle Street|location=London}}</ref>

In addition to the 99 names of Allah, the cenotaph is inscribed with a Persian couplet written by the Emperor Jahangir which reads: "Ah! could I behold the face of my beloved once more, I would give thanks unto my God until the day of resurrection."<ref name="Anarkali's Tomb"/>

== Issue ==
With Jahangir, Sahib Jamal had three children :
*[[Parviz Mirza]] (10 November 1589, Kabul, Afghanistan – 28 October 1626, Burhanpur, Mughal Empire, buried in Bagh Sultan Parviz, Agra)
*A daughter (born 21 January 1591).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fazl|first=Abul|title=Akbarnama Vol. III|pages=883|quote=On this day also Sultan Parviz had a sister born.}}</ref>
* A daughter (born 12 November 1594). <ref>{{Cite book|last=Fazl|first=Abul|title=Akbarnama Vol. III|quote=On the 21st, after the passing of 8 hours and 28 minutes, a sister to Sulān Parvīz was born. It is the rule that H.M. promptly gives names to the children and grandchildren. Though the inner servants expressed a wish that he would do this, he did not accept the proposition. Suddenly that newly-born one descended into non-existence, and H.M.'s knowledge of hidden things was anew displayed!}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sahib Jamal}}
[[Category:1599 deaths]]
[[Category:Mughal nobility]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian queen consorts]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Indian people of Turkish descent]]
[[Category:Wives of Jahangir]]

Sahib Jamal - Revision history

->Manavati at 20:12, 16 November 2021