Saharanpur district - Revision history

->MB: cleanup, rmv redlink portal, typo(s) fixed: from 2014-15 → from 2014 to 2015, 1211-1236 → 1211–1236

2021-12-14T04:22:30Z

cleanup, rmv redlink portal, typo(s) fixed: from 2014-15 → from 2014 to 2015, 1211-1236 → 1211–1236

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:52, 14 December 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{About\|the district\|its eponymous headquarters\|Saharanpur}}		{{About\|the district\|its eponymous headquarters\|Saharanpur}}
	~~{{pp-protected\|small=yes}}~~
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2019}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2019}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2019}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2019}}
Line 12:		Line 11:
	\| coordinates =		\| coordinates =
	\| coor_pinpoint = Saharanpur		\| coor_pinpoint = Saharanpur
	\| subdivision_type = ~~[[List of sovereign states\|~~Country]]		\| subdivision_type = Country
	\| subdivision_name = ~~{{flag\|~~India}}		\| subdivision_name = India
	\| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India\|State]]		\| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India\|State]]
	\| subdivision_name1 = ~~{{flagicon image\|Seal of Uttar Pradesh.svg}}~~ [[Uttar Pradesh]]		\| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
	\| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India\|Division]]		\| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India\|Division]]
	\| subdivision_name2 = [[Saharanpur division\|Saharanpur]]		\| subdivision_name2 = [[Saharanpur division\|Saharanpur]]
Line 53:		Line 52:
	}}		}}

	'''Saharanpur district''' is the northernmost of the [[districts of Uttar Pradesh]] [[States and territories of India\|state]], [[India]]. Bordering the states of [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] and [[Uttarakhand]], and close to the foothills of [[Siwalik Hills\|Shivalik]] range, it lies in the northern part of the [[Doab]] region. It is primarily an agricultural area.		'''Saharanpur district''' is the northernmost of the [[districts of Uttar Pradesh]] [[States and territories of India\|state]], India. Bordering the states of [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] and [[Uttarakhand]], and close to the foothills of [[Siwalik Hills\|Shivalik]] range, it lies in the northern part of the [[Doab]] region. It is primarily an agricultural area.

	The district headquarters are [[Saharanpur]] city and it belongs to [[Saharanpur Division]]. Other principal towns are [[Behat]], [[Deoband]], [[Gangoh]] and [[Rampur Maniharan]].		The district headquarters are [[Saharanpur]] city and it belongs to [[Saharanpur Division]]. Other principal towns are [[Behat]], [[Deoband]], [[Gangoh]] and [[Rampur Maniharan]].
Line 61:		Line 60:

	===Medieval period===		===Medieval period===
	During the reign of Shamsu’d-Din [[Iltutmish]] (r ~~1211-1236~~), the region became a part of the Delhi Sultanate. At that time, most of the area remained covered with forests and marshlands, through which the Paondhoi, Dhamola, and Ganda Nala rivers flowed. The climate was humid and malaria outbreaks were common. [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]], the Sultan of Delhi (1325–1351), undertook a campaign in the northern ''doab'' to crush the rebellion of the [[Siwalik Hills\|Shivalik]] kings in 1340, when according to local tradition he learned of the presence of a [[sufi]] saint on the banks of the Paondhoi River. After visiting the sage, he ordered that henceforth this region would be known as 'Shah-Haroonpur', after the Sufi Saint ''Shah Haroon Chishti''.<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V21_375.gif History] [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], v. 21, p. 369. 1909.</ref> The simple but well-preserved tomb of this saint is situated in the oldest quarter of Saharanpur city, between the Mali Gate/Bazar Dinanath and Halwai Hatta. By the end of the 14th century, the power of the Sultanate had declined and it was attacked by Emperor [[Timur]] (1336–1405) of Central Asia. Timur had marched through the Saharanpur region in 1399 to sack Delhi and people of the region fought his army unsuccessfully. A weakened Sultanate was later conquered by the Central Asian Mogul king [[Babur]] (1483–1531).		During the reign of Shamsu’d-Din [[Iltutmish]] (r 1211–1236), the region became a part of the Delhi Sultanate. At that time, most of the area remained covered with forests and marshlands, through which the Paondhoi, Dhamola, and Ganda Nala rivers flowed. The climate was humid and malaria outbreaks were common. [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]], the Sultan of Delhi (1325–1351), undertook a campaign in the northern ''doab'' to crush the rebellion of the [[Siwalik Hills\|Shivalik]] kings in 1340, when according to local tradition he learned of the presence of a [[sufi]] saint on the banks of the Paondhoi River. After visiting the sage, he ordered that henceforth this region would be known as 'Shah-Haroonpur', after the Sufi Saint ''Shah Haroon Chishti''.<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V21_375.gif History] [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], v. 21, p. 369. 1909.</ref> The simple but well-preserved tomb of this saint is situated in the oldest quarter of Saharanpur city, between the Mali Gate/Bazar Dinanath and Halwai Hatta. By the end of the 14th century, the power of the Sultanate had declined and it was attacked by Emperor [[Timur]] (1336–1405) of Central Asia. Timur had marched through the Saharanpur region in 1399 to sack Delhi and people of the region fought his army unsuccessfully. A weakened Sultanate was later conquered by the Central Asian Mogul king [[Babur]] (1483–1531).

	===Mughal period===		===Mughal period===
	In the 16th century, [[Babur]], a [[Timurid Dynasty\|Timurid]] descendant of [[Timur]] and [[Descent from Genghis Khan\|Genghis Khan]] from [[Fergana Valley]] (modern-day [[Uzbekistan]]), invaded across the [[Khyber Pass]] and founded the [[Mughal Empire]], covering [[India]], along with modern-day [[Afghanistan]], Pakistan and [[Bangladesh]]<ref>[https://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/mughals/ The Islamic World to 1600: Rise of the Islamic Empires (The Mughal Empire)] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927121217/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/mughals/ \|date=2011-09-27 }}</ref> The Mughals were descended from Persianised Central Asian [[Turkic people\|Turks]] (with significant [[Mongol]] admixture).		In the 16th century, [[Babur]], a [[Timurid Dynasty\|Timurid]] descendant of [[Timur]] and [[Descent from Genghis Khan\|Genghis Khan]] from [[Fergana Valley]] (modern-day [[Uzbekistan]]), invaded across the [[Khyber Pass]] and founded the [[Mughal Empire]], covering India, along with modern-day [[Afghanistan]], Pakistan and [[Bangladesh]]<ref>[https://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/mughals/ The Islamic World to 1600: Rise of the Islamic Empires (The Mughal Empire)] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927121217/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/mughals/ \|date=2011-09-27 }}</ref> The Mughals were descended from Persianised Central Asian [[Turkic people\|Turks]] (with significant [[Mongol]] admixture).

	During the [[Mughal Empire\|Mughal period]], [[Akbar]] (1542–1605), Saharanpur became an administrative unit under the Province of Delhi. Akbar bestowed the feudal ''[[jagir]]'' of Saharanpur to the Mughal treasurer, Sah Ranveer Singh, a Hindu Rohilla who laid the foundations of the present-day city on the site of an army cantonment. The nearest settlements at that time were [[Shekhpura]] and Malhipur. Saharanpur was a walled city, with four gates: the Sarai Gate, the Mali Gate, the Buria Gate, and the Lakhi Gate. The city was divided into the neighbourhoods named Nakhasa Bazar, Shah Behlol, Rani Bazar and Lakhi Gate. The ruins of Shah Ran Veer Singh's old fort can still be seen in the Chaudharian locality of Saharanpur, not far from the better known 'Bada-Imam-bada'. He also built a large [[Jain]] temple in Muhallah/Toli Chaundhariyan,<ref>Madhu Jain, O. C. Handa, and Omacanda Handa, ''Wood Handicraft: A Study of Its Origin and Development in Saharanpur'', Indus Publishing (2000), pp. 22–24. {{ISBN\|81-7387-103-5}}</ref> it is now known as the 'Digamber-Jain Panchayati Mandir'.		During the [[Mughal Empire\|Mughal period]], [[Akbar]] (1542–1605), Saharanpur became an administrative unit under the Province of Delhi. Akbar bestowed the feudal ''[[jagir]]'' of Saharanpur to the Mughal treasurer, Sah Ranveer Singh, a Hindu Rohilla who laid the foundations of the present-day city on the site of an army cantonment. The nearest settlements at that time were [[Shekhpura]] and Malhipur. Saharanpur was a walled city, with four gates: the Sarai Gate, the Mali Gate, the Buria Gate, and the Lakhi Gate. The city was divided into the neighbourhoods named Nakhasa Bazar, Shah Behlol, Rani Bazar and Lakhi Gate. The ruins of Shah Ran Veer Singh's old fort can still be seen in the Chaudharian locality of Saharanpur, not far from the better known 'Bada-Imam-bada'. He also built a large [[Jain]] temple in Muhallah/Toli Chaundhariyan,<ref>Madhu Jain, O. C. Handa, and Omacanda Handa, ''Wood Handicraft: A Study of Its Origin and Development in Saharanpur'', Indus Publishing (2000), pp. 22–24. {{ISBN\|81-7387-103-5}}</ref> it is now known as the 'Digamber-Jain Panchayati Mandir'.

	===The Sayyids and Rohillas===		===The Sayyids and Rohillas===
	Mughal emperors Akbar and later [[Shah Jehan]] (1592–1666) bestowed the administrative ''[[pargana]]'' of Sarwat on Muslim [[Sayyid]] families. In 1633 one of them founded a city and named it and the surrounding region [[Muzaffarnagar]], in honour of his father, Sayyid Muzaffar Ali Khan. The Sayyids ruled the area until the 1739 invasion by [[Nadir Shah]]. After his departure, anarchy prevailed across the entire ''doab'' with the region ruled or ravaged in succession by Rajputs, ~~Tyagis~~, Brahmins, and Jats. Taking advantage of this anarchy, the [[Rohillas]] took control of the entire trans-Gangetic region.		Mughal emperors Akbar and later [[Shah Jehan]] (1592–1666) bestowed the administrative ''[[pargana]]'' of Sarwat on Muslim [[Sayyid]] families. In 1633 one of them founded a city and named it and the surrounding region [[Muzaffarnagar]], in honour of his father, Sayyid Muzaffar Ali Khan. The Sayyids ruled the area until the 1739 invasion by [[Nadir Shah]]. After his departure, anarchy prevailed across the entire ''doab'' with the region ruled or ravaged in succession by Rajputs,Chamars,Brahmins,Tyagis, and Jats. Taking advantage of this anarchy, the [[Rohillas]] took control of the entire trans-Gangetic region.

	[[Ahmad Shah Durrani]], the [[Afghanistan\|Afghan]] ruler who invaded Northwestern and Northern India in the 1750s, conferred the territory of Saharanpur as Jagir on Rohilla chief Najaf Khan, who assumed the title of Nawab Najeeb-ud-Daula and took up residence in Saharanpur in 1754,. He made Gaunsgarh his capital and tried to strengthen his position against [[Maratha Empire]] attacks by entering an alliance with the [[Hindu]] [[Gurjar]] chieftain Manohar Singh. In 1759, Najeeb-ud-Daula issued a Deed of Agreement handing over 550 villages to Manohar Singh, who became the Raja of Landaura.		[[Ahmad Shah Durrani]], the [[Afghanistan\|Afghan]] ruler who invaded Northwestern and Northern India in the 1750s, conferred the territory of Saharanpur as Jagir on Rohilla chief Najaf Khan, who assumed the title of Nawab Najeeb-ud-Daula and took up residence in Saharanpur in 1754,. He made Gaunsgarh his capital and tried to strengthen his position against [[Maratha Empire]] attacks by entering an alliance with the [[Hindu]] [[Gurjar]] chieftain Manohar Singh. In 1759, Najeeb-ud-Daula issued a Deed of Agreement handing over 550 villages to Manohar Singh, who became the Raja of Landaura.
Line 87:		Line 86:
	===Royal Family===		===Royal Family===

	In 1845 Nawab Rao Wazir-ud-din khan became the member and voter of mughal darbar at [[Red fort]] [[Delhi]] due to his corridal relation with Mugal Emperor [[Bahadur Shah Zafar]]. He was the richest person of district [[Saharanpur]] with 52 thousand bega land and lord of 57 village's like shaikhpura, landohra, tapri, piragpur, yousfpur, badshapur, harhati, nazirpura, santgarh, lakhnor, subri, pathri etc., of district Saharanpur. British governor's had good relation with Rao Wazir-ud-din and title Badsha-e-waqt (the king of his Period ) was bestowed to him. He died in 1895 at Sheikpura Qudeem (Saharanpur). He had two son's Nawab Rao Mashooq Ali khan and Nawab Rao Ghafoor Muhammad ali khan. Rao Ghafoor Muhammad ali khan had only seven children out of seven his elder son Nawab Rao Maqsood Ali khan was a great person. He was highly educated. He got his education from [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and [[University of Oxford]]. He was an intellectual and a spiritual person. Due to his kindness and amiable nature he's was popular among people's. He proved his resourcefulness and abilities by saving poor from famine and loss of crops. He became the disciple of Sufi Sheik Bahauddin a descendant of [[Tipu Sultan]]. He spread [[Sufism]] across the [[Saharanpur]] region. He was a great scholar and Many books in English and Persian were written by him but all his work lost after his death. He was a great Nawab of [[Saharanpur]]. He was the lord of a large property in [[Saharanpur]] region and in [[Dehradun]]. He worked for the welfare and upliftment of people and donated to poor farmers and land for Madarsa's and Darga's. Due to his philanthropic work Nawab Maqsood Ali khan was awarded by the [[Viceroy of India]] [[Lord Irwin]] at [[Dehradun]]. Brother's of him migrated to [[Pakistan]] and [[England]]. He died in 1973 at sheikpura qudeem and left behind his sons Nawab Rao Ghulam muhi-ud-din khan, Nawab Rao Zamir haider khan, Nawab Rao yaqoob khan. Nawab Rao Gulam Hafiz {{citation needed\|date=March 2020}}		In 1845 Nawab Rao Wazir-ud-din khan became the member and voter of mughal darbar at [[Red fort]] [[Delhi]] due to his corridal relation with Mugal Emperor [[Bahadur Shah Zafar]]. He was the richest person of district [[Saharanpur]] with 52 thousand bega land and lord of 57 village's like shaikhpura, landohra, tapri, piragpur, yousfpur, badshapur, harhati, Rasoolpur kheri Chamar, nazirpura, santgarh, lakhnor, subri, pathri etc., of district Saharanpur. British governor's had good relation with Rao Wazir-ud-din and title Badsha-e-waqt (the king of his Period ) was bestowed to him. He died in 1895 at Sheikpura Qudeem (Saharanpur). He had two son's Nawab Rao Mashooq Ali khan and Nawab Rao Ghafoor Muhammad ali khan. Rao Ghafoor Muhammad ali khan had only seven children out of seven his elder son Nawab Rao Maqsood Ali khan was a great person. He was highly educated. He got his education from [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and [[University of Oxford]]. He was an intellectual and a spiritual person. Due to his kindness and amiable nature he's was popular among people's. He proved his resourcefulness and abilities by saving poor from famine and loss of crops. He became the disciple of Sufi Sheik Bahauddin a descendant of [[Tipu Sultan]]. He spread [[Sufism]] across the [[Saharanpur]] region. He was a great scholar and Many books in English and Persian were written by him but all his work lost after his death. He was a great Nawab of [[Saharanpur]]. He was the lord of a large property in [[Saharanpur]] region and in [[Dehradun]]. He worked for the welfare and upliftment of people and donated to poor farmers and land for Madarsa's and Darga's. Due to his philanthropic work Nawab Maqsood Ali khan was awarded by the [[Viceroy of India]] [[Lord Irwin]] at [[Dehradun]]. Brother's of him migrated to Pakistan and England. He died in 1973 at sheikpura qudeem and left behind his sons Nawab Rao Ghulam muhi-ud-din khan, Nawab Rao Zamir haider khan, Nawab Rao yaqoob khan. Nawab Rao Gulam Hafiz {{citation needed\|date=March 2020}}

	==Geography==		==Geography==
Line 103:		Line 102:
	{{Pie chart		{{Pie chart
	\|thumb = right		\|thumb = right
	\|caption = Religion in Saharanpur district (2011)<ref name="Saharanpur district Population">{{cite web\|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur-population.html\|title=Saharanpur district Population\|work=Census India\|~~accessdate~~=11 July 2021}}</ref><ref name=census2011>{{cite web		\|caption = Religion in Saharanpur district (2011)<ref name="Saharanpur district Population">{{cite web\|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur-population.html\|title=Saharanpur district Population\|work=Census India\|access-date=11 July 2021}}</ref><ref name=census2011>{{cite web
	\|publisher=Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India \| url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/district/503-saharanpur.html \| title=Saharanpur Religion Census 2011 \|access-date=2015-10-19}}</ref>		\|publisher=Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India \| url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/district/503-saharanpur.html \| title=Saharanpur Religion Census 2011 \|access-date=2015-10-19}}</ref>
	\|label1 = [[Hinduism]]		\|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
Line 133:		Line 132:

	===Medical College===		===Medical College===
	*[[Sheikh-Ul-Hind Mahmood Mahmood Hasan Medical College]], a government [[medical college]] which provides healthcare for all citizens of the state and to train students. The present medical college is planned to have a 500-bed hospital with road access to the Saharanpur-Ambala National Highway. The proposed annual intake of MBBS Students is expected to be 100 from 2014~~-15~~.<ref>{{cite web\| url = http://www.milligazette.com/news/10056-shaikhul-hind-medical-college-inaugurated \| title = Shaikhul Hind Medical College inaugurated \| publisher = www.milligazette.com \|access-date = 16 May 2014 }}</ref>		*[[Sheikh-Ul-Hind Mahmood Mahmood Hasan Medical College]], a government [[medical college]] which provides healthcare for all citizens of the state and to train students. The present medical college is planned to have a 500-bed hospital with road access to the Saharanpur-Ambala National Highway. The proposed annual intake of MBBS Students is expected to be 100 from 2014 to 2015.<ref>{{cite web\| url = http://www.milligazette.com/news/10056-shaikhul-hind-medical-college-inaugurated \| title = Shaikhul Hind Medical College inaugurated \| publisher = www.milligazette.com \|access-date = 16 May 2014 }}</ref>

	==References==		==References==

imported>FlyJet777 at 16:38, 11 July 2021

2021-07-11T16:38:45Z

New page

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Saharanpur}}
{{pp-protected|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Saharanpur district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Uttar Pradesh|District of Uttar Pradesh]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Saharanpur.svg
| map_caption = Location of Saharanpur district in Uttar Pradesh
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Saharanpur
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Seal of Uttar Pradesh.svg}} [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Saharanpur division|Saharanpur]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Saharanpur]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 3860
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 3,466,382
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 62.61%<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.educationforallinindia.com/page157.html |title =District-specific Literates and Literacy Rates, 2001 |access-date = 2010-10-10|publisher =Registrar General, India, Ministry of Home Affairs}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| demographics2_info2 = 890 [[female|♀]]/ 1000 [[male|♂]] 
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Saharanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Saharanpur]]
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = Gangoh and nakud
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate = UP-11
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{url|saharanpur.nic.in}}
}}

'''Saharanpur district''' is the northernmost of the [[districts of Uttar Pradesh]] [[States and territories of India|state]], [[India]]. Bordering the states of [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] and [[Uttarakhand]], and close to the foothills of [[Siwalik Hills|Shivalik]] range, it lies in the northern part of the [[Doab]] region. It is primarily an agricultural area.

The district headquarters are [[Saharanpur]] city and it belongs to [[Saharanpur Division]]. Other principal towns are [[Behat]], [[Deoband]], [[Gangoh]] and [[Rampur Maniharan]].

== Historical ==
{{See also|History of Uttar Pradesh|Saharanpur division}}{{historical populations|11=1901|12=7,28,601|13=1911|14=6,87,620|15=1921|16=6,53,460|17=1931|18=7,27,731|19=1941|20=8,22,231|21=1951|22=9,42,849|23=1961|24=11,32,537|25=1971|26=14,14,231|27=1981|28=18,21,543|29=1991|30=23,09,029|31=2001|32=28,96,863|33=2011|34=34,66,382|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}

===Medieval period===
During the reign of Shamsu’d-Din [[Iltutmish]] (r 1211-1236), the region became a part of the Delhi Sultanate. At that time, most of the area remained covered with forests and marshlands, through which the Paondhoi, Dhamola, and Ganda Nala rivers flowed. The climate was humid and malaria outbreaks were common. [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]], the Sultan of Delhi (1325–1351), undertook a campaign in the northern ''doab'' to crush the rebellion of the [[Siwalik Hills|Shivalik]] kings in 1340, when according to local tradition he learned of the presence of a [[sufi]] saint on the banks of the Paondhoi River. After visiting the sage, he ordered that henceforth this region would be known as 'Shah-Haroonpur', after the Sufi Saint ''Shah Haroon Chishti''.<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V21_375.gif History] [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], v. 21, p. 369. 1909.</ref> The simple but well-preserved tomb of this saint is situated in the oldest quarter of Saharanpur city, between the Mali Gate/Bazar Dinanath and Halwai Hatta. By the end of the 14th century, the power of the Sultanate had declined and it was attacked by Emperor [[Timur]] (1336–1405) of Central Asia. Timur had marched through the Saharanpur region in 1399 to sack Delhi and people of the region fought his army unsuccessfully. A weakened Sultanate was later conquered by the Central Asian Mogul king [[Babur]] (1483–1531).

===Mughal period===
In the 16th century, [[Babur]], a [[Timurid Dynasty|Timurid]] descendant of [[Timur]] and [[Descent from Genghis Khan|Genghis Khan]] from [[Fergana Valley]] (modern-day [[Uzbekistan]]), invaded across the [[Khyber Pass]] and founded the [[Mughal Empire]], covering [[India]], along with modern-day [[Afghanistan]], Pakistan and [[Bangladesh]]<ref>[https://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/mughals/ The Islamic World to 1600: Rise of the Islamic Empires (The Mughal Empire)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927121217/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/mughals/ |date=2011-09-27 }}</ref> The Mughals were descended from Persianised Central Asian [[Turkic people|Turks]] (with significant [[Mongol]] admixture).

During the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal period]], [[Akbar]] (1542–1605), Saharanpur became an administrative unit under the Province of Delhi. Akbar bestowed the feudal ''[[jagir]]'' of Saharanpur to the Mughal treasurer, Sah Ranveer Singh, a Hindu Rohilla who laid the foundations of the present-day city on the site of an army cantonment. The nearest settlements at that time were [[Shekhpura]] and Malhipur. Saharanpur was a walled city, with four gates: the Sarai Gate, the Mali Gate, the Buria Gate, and the Lakhi Gate. The city was divided into the neighbourhoods named Nakhasa Bazar, Shah Behlol, Rani Bazar and Lakhi Gate. The ruins of Shah Ran Veer Singh's old fort can still be seen in the Chaudharian locality of Saharanpur, not far from the better known 'Bada-Imam-bada'. He also built a large [[Jain]] temple in Muhallah/Toli Chaundhariyan,<ref>Madhu Jain, O. C. Handa, and Omacanda Handa, ''Wood Handicraft: A Study of Its Origin and Development in Saharanpur'', Indus Publishing (2000), pp. 22–24. {{ISBN|81-7387-103-5}}</ref> it is now known as the 'Digamber-Jain Panchayati Mandir'.

===The Sayyids and Rohillas===
Mughal emperors Akbar and later [[Shah Jehan]] (1592–1666) bestowed the administrative ''[[pargana]]'' of Sarwat on Muslim [[Sayyid]] families. In 1633 one of them founded a city and named it and the surrounding region [[Muzaffarnagar]], in honour of his father, Sayyid Muzaffar Ali Khan. The Sayyids ruled the area until the 1739 invasion by [[Nadir Shah]]. After his departure, anarchy prevailed across the entire ''doab'' with the region ruled or ravaged in succession by Rajputs, Tyagis, Brahmins, and Jats. Taking advantage of this anarchy, the [[Rohillas]] took control of the entire trans-Gangetic region.

[[Ahmad Shah Durrani]], the [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] ruler who invaded Northwestern and Northern India in the 1750s, conferred the territory of Saharanpur as Jagir on Rohilla chief Najaf Khan, who assumed the title of Nawab Najeeb-ud-Daula and took up residence in Saharanpur in 1754,. He made Gaunsgarh his capital and tried to strengthen his position against [[Maratha Empire]] attacks by entering an alliance with the [[Hindu]] [[Gurjar]] chieftain Manohar Singh. In 1759, Najeeb-ud-Daula issued a Deed of Agreement handing over 550 villages to Manohar Singh, who became the Raja of Landaura.

===Maratha period===
In 1757, the Maratha army captured the Saharanpur region, which resulted in Najeeb-ud-Daula losing control of Saharanpur to the Maratha rulers [[Raghunathrao|Raghunath Rao]] and [[Malharao Holkar]]. The conflict between Rohillas and Marathas came to an end on 18{{nbsp}}December 1788 with the arrest of [[Ghulam Kadir|Ghulam Qadir]], the grandson of Najeeb-ud-Daula, who was defeated by the Maratha general [[Mahadji Scindia|Mahadaji Scindia]]. The most significant contribution of Nawab Ghulam Qadir to Saharanpur city is the Nawab Ganj area and the Ahmedabadi fortress therein, which still stands. The death of Ghulam Qadir put an end to the Rohilla administration in Saharanpur and it became the northernmost district of the Maratha Empire. Ghani Bahadur Banda was appointed its first Maratha governor. The Maratha Regime saw the construction of the Bhuteshwar Temple and Bagheshwar Temple in Saharanpur city. In 1803, following the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]], when the [[British East India Company]] defeated the Maratha Empire, Saharanpur came under British suzerainty.<ref>{{cite book
|last = Mayaram
|first = Shail
|title = Against history, against state: counterperspectives from the margins Cultures of history
|publisher = Columbia University Press, 2003
|isbn = 978-0-231-12731-8}}</ref>

===British colonial period (1803–1947 AD)===

When India rebelled in 1857 against the foreign Company's occupation, now referred to as the First War of Indian Independence, the Saharanpur and the present-day Muzaffarnagar Districts were part of that uprising. The centre of freedom fighters' operations was Shamli, a small town in the Muzaffarnagar region which was liberated for some time. After the uprising failed, British retribution was severe. Death and destruction was particularly directed against the Muslims of the region, whom the British considered as the main instigators of the rebellion; Muslim society was devastated beyond recognition. When social reconstruction started, the cultural and political history of Muslims began to revolve around Deoband and Aligarh. [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi]] and [[Rashid Ahmad Gangohi]], both proponents of the reformer [[Shah Waliullah]]'s ideology for social and political rejuvenation, established a school in Deoband in 1867. It found popularity and global recognition as the [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]. Its founders' mission was twofold: to raise and spread a team of scholars able to awaken the religious and social consciousness of Muslims through peaceful methods and to make efforts, through them, to educate Muslims in their faith and culture; and to bring about a feeling of nationalism and national unity by promoting the concept of Hindu-Muslim unity and a united India. Muslim scholars in the city of Saharanpur were active supporters of this ideology and went on to establish the [[Mazahir Uloom]] theological seminary six months later.

===Royal Family===

In 1845 Nawab Rao Wazir-ud-din khan became the member and voter of mughal darbar at [[Red fort]] [[Delhi]] due to his corridal relation with Mugal Emperor [[Bahadur Shah Zafar]]. He was the richest person of district [[Saharanpur]] with 52 thousand bega land and lord of 57 village's like shaikhpura, landohra, tapri, piragpur, yousfpur, badshapur, harhati, nazirpura, santgarh, lakhnor, subri, pathri etc., of district Saharanpur. British governor's had good relation with Rao Wazir-ud-din and title Badsha-e-waqt (the king of his Period ) was bestowed to him. He died in 1895 at Sheikpura Qudeem (Saharanpur). He had two son's Nawab Rao Mashooq Ali khan and Nawab Rao Ghafoor Muhammad ali khan. Rao Ghafoor Muhammad ali khan had only seven children out of seven his elder son Nawab Rao Maqsood Ali khan was a great person. He was highly educated. He got his education from [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and [[University of Oxford]]. He was an intellectual and a spiritual person. Due to his kindness and amiable nature he's was popular among people's. He proved his resourcefulness and abilities by saving poor from famine and loss of crops. He became the disciple of Sufi Sheik Bahauddin a descendant of [[Tipu Sultan]]. He spread [[Sufism]] across the [[Saharanpur]] region. He was a great scholar and Many books in English and Persian were written by him but all his work lost after his death. He was a great Nawab of [[Saharanpur]]. He was the lord of a large property in [[Saharanpur]] region and in [[Dehradun]]. He worked for the welfare and upliftment of people and donated to poor farmers and land for Madarsa's and Darga's. Due to his philanthropic work Nawab Maqsood Ali khan was awarded by the [[Viceroy of India]] [[Lord Irwin]] at [[Dehradun]]. Brother's of him migrated to [[Pakistan]] and [[England]]. He died in 1973 at sheikpura qudeem and left behind his sons Nawab Rao Ghulam muhi-ud-din khan, Nawab Rao Zamir haider khan, Nawab Rao yaqoob khan. Nawab Rao Gulam Hafiz {{citation needed|date=March 2020}}

==Geography==
Saharanpur is located at {{coord|29.97|N|77.55|E|}}, about {{convert|130|km}} south-southeast from [[Chandigarh]] and {{convert|170|km}} north-northeast from [[Delhi]]. It has an average elevation of {{convert|284|m}}

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] the Saharanpur district had a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 3,466,382,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Panama]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote =Panama 3,460,462 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Connecticut]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=2011-09-30| quote =Connecticut 3,574,097
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 92nd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 939 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.59%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Saharanpur has a [[sex ratio]] of 887 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 72.03%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

===Language===
At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 80.90% of the population of the district spoke [[Hindi]] and 18.57% [[Urdu]] as their first language. A significant number of people also speak Punjabi in the area.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

===Religion===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Saharanpur district (2011)<ref name="Saharanpur district Population">{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur-population.html|title=Saharanpur district Population|work=Census India|accessdate=11 July 2021}}</ref><ref name=census2011>{{cite web
|publisher=Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/district/503-saharanpur.html | title=Saharanpur Religion Census 2011 |access-date=2015-10-19}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|value1 = 56.74
|color1 = Orange
|label2 = [[Islam]]
|value2 = 41.95
|color2 = Green
|label3 = [[Sikhism]]
|value3 = 0.54
|color3 = Yellow
|label4 = [[Christianity]]
|value4 = 0.19
|color4 = Blue
|label5 = [[Buddhism]]
|value5 = 0.06
|color5 = Gold
|label6 = [[Jainism]]
|value6 = 0.29
|color6 = Maroon
|label7 = Not Stated
|value7 = 0.23
|color7 = Black
}}

Hinduism is followed by over 56% of people. Islam is the second-largest religion in the district with over 41.95% adherents. Christianity and Sikhism are followed by 0.19% and 0.54% people respectively.<ref name="Saharanpur district Population"/>

== Education ==

===Medical College===
*[[Sheikh-Ul-Hind Mahmood Mahmood Hasan Medical College]], a government [[medical college]] which provides healthcare for all citizens of the state and to train students. The present medical college is planned to have a 500-bed hospital with road access to the Saharanpur-Ambala National Highway. The proposed annual intake of MBBS Students is expected to be 100 from 2014-15.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.milligazette.com/news/10056-shaikhul-hind-medical-college-inaugurated | title = Shaikhul Hind Medical College inaugurated | publisher = www.milligazette.com |access-date = 16 May 2014 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Saharanpur district
|North = [[Sirmaur district]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Haridwar district]]
|Southeast = [[Muzaffarnagar district]]
|South = [[Shamli district]]
|Southwest = [[Karnal district]]
|West = [[Yamuna Nagar district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Navboxes
|list =
{{Saharanpur district}}
{{Districts of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Saharanpur division topics}}
{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|29|54|N|77|41|E|region:IN_type:adm2nd_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Saharanpur district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Minority Concentrated Districts in India]]
[[Category:1804 establishments in the British Empire]]