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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	~~{{Portal\|India\|Transport\|Roads\|Railways}}~~

	* [[Bharatmala]]		* [[Bharatmala]]

->MSG17 at 21:42, 7 November 2021

2021-11-07T21:42:55Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2016}}

{{Use Indian English|date=April 2016}}
{{Infobox project
| name = Sagarmala Project
| native_name =
| logo = Sagarmal_logo.jpg
| image =
| caption =
| motto =
| type =
| country = India
| primeminister = Narendra Modi
| key_people = Kailash Agarwal, Bhushan Kumar [Joint Secretary of Ministry Of Shipping, India] [[Indian Revenue Service|IRS]](E)
| ministry = Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (India)
| established = {{Start date and age|2015|07|31|df=y}}
| funding =
| budget = {{INRConvert|8000000|m|year=2017|to=USD EUR}}
| current_status = Active
| website = {{URL|sagarmala.gov.in}}
}}
{{Politics of India}}

The '''Sagarmala Programme''' ({{trans|garland of the sea}}) is an initiative by the government of India to enhance the performance of the country's logistics sector. The programme envisages unlocking the potential of waterways and the coastline to minimize infrastructural investments required to meet these targets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sagarmala.gov.in/about-sagarmala/vision |title=Vision Ministry of Shipping, GOI, Government of India |publisher=SagarMala |date=2018-06-08 |access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sagarmala.gov.in/about-sagarmala/vision-objectives|title=SagarMala - Concept & Objectives Ministry of Shipping, GOI, Government of India|website=sagarmala.gov.in|access-date=1 November 2018}}</ref>

It entails investing Rs. 8.5 trillion (2018) to set up new mega ports, modernizing India's existing ports, developing of 14 Coastal Economic Zones (CEZs) and Coastal Economic Units, enhancing port connectivity via road, rail, multi-modal logistics parks, pipelines & waterways and promoting coastal community development, with the aim of boosting merchandise exports by US$110 billion and generating around 10,000,000 direct and indirect jobs.

The Sagarmala Programme is the flagship programme of the Ministry of Shipping to promote port-led development in the country by exploiting India's 7,517 km long coastline, 14,500 km of potentially navigable waterways and its strategic location on key international maritime trade routes. Sagarmala aims to modernize [[Ports in India|India's Ports]], so that port-led development can be augmented and coastlines can be developed to contribute to India's growth. It also aims at "transforming the existing Ports into modern world-class Ports and integrate the development of the Ports, the Industrial clusters and hinterland and efficient evacuation systems through road, rail, inland and coastal waterways resulting in Ports becoming the drivers of economic activity in coastal areas."<ref name="ConceptNote">{{cite web|title=Concept Note on Sagar Mala Project:Working Paper|url=http://www.ipa.nic.in/Conceptnote.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Shipping, Government of India|access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref>

==Background==
The Sagarmala Programme was originally mooted by the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)]] government under [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] in 2003 as the maritime equivalent to the [[Golden Quadrilateral]], another project under his government in the roads and highways sector. The Programme aimed to exploit India's vast coastlines and industrial waterways to drive industrial development.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/columns/all-you-wanted-to-know-about-sagarmala/article8640858.ece |title=All you wanted to know about Sagarmala |publisher=The Hindu BusinessLine |access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref> It was approved by the cabinet in March 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cabinet gives 'in principle' nod to concept of Sagarmala project|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-03-27/news/60475179_1_waterways-varanasi-haldia-port-led-development |publisher=Economic Times, Times of India|date=27 March 2015}}</ref>

The National Sagarmala Apex Committee (NSAC) is composed of the Minister of Shipping with Cabinet Ministers from stakeholder ministries and ministers in charge of ports in India's maritime states. The NSAC approved the overall ''National Perspective Plan (NPP)'' and regularly reviews the progress of implementation of these plans.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sagarmala: Concept and implementation towards Blue Revolution|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=117691|publisher=Press Information Bureau|date=25 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://shipmin.nic.in/showfile.php?lid=2217|title=Ministry of Shipping, Government of India|first=Ministry of Shipping, Government of|last=India|website=shipmin.nic.in}}</ref>

To assist in the implementation of Sagarmala projects, the Sagarmala Development Company Limited (SDCL) was incorporated on 31 August 2016, after receiving Cabinet approval on 20 July 2016, for providing funding support to project SPVs and projects in-line with Sagarmala objectives. Additionally, SDCL is also in the process of preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPRs) and feasibility studies for specific projects that could provide avenues for future equity investment by the company. The Sagarmala Development Company was incorporated after approval from the Indian Cabinet on 20 July 2016 with an initial authorized share capital of Rs. 1000 Crore and subscribed share capital of Rs. 90 Crore, to give a push to port-led development.<ref name="SDCAuthorised">{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/nod-to-sagarmala-development-company-with-rs-1000-crore-authorised-share-capital/articleshow/53308267.cms |title=Nod to Sagarmala Development Company with Rs 1,000 crore authorised share capital - The Economic Times |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2016-07-20 |access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref> The present subscribed share capital of SDCL is Rs. 215 Crore.

The Indian Port Rail & Ropeway Corporation Limited (IPRCL) was incorporated on 10 July 2015 to undertake the port-rail connectivity projects under Sagarmala Programme.

Sethusamudram Corporation Ltd is also a participant public sector enterprise in this project.

The Sagarmala National Perspective Plan was released by the Prime Minister on 14-April-2016<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=138881|title=Sagarmala National Perspective Plan Released|website=pib.nic.in}}</ref> at the maiden Maritime India Summit 2016, with details on Project Plan and Implementation.<ref>http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2016/apr/p201641402.pdf</ref>

==The scheme==
===Components===
Under Sagarmala Programme, 577 projects, at an estimated investment of approximately {{INRConvert|8.570500| lc|lk=|year=2018}}, have been identified across port modernization & new port development, port connectivity enhancement, port-linked coastal economic zone industrialization and coastal community development for phase wise implementation over the period 2015 to 2035. As per the approved implementation plan of Sagarmala scheme, these projects are to be taken up by the relevant Central Ministries/Agencies and State Governments preferably through private/PPP mode. The details are as below.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Project Theme !! No. of Projects !!Project Cost (Rs 10)
|-
| '''Port Modernisation'''|| 245 ||{{INRConvert|1416410|m|lk=|year=2018|to=USD EUR}}
|-
|'''Connectivity Enhancement'''||210||{{INRConvert|2444640|m|lk=|year=2017|to=USD EUR}}
|-
| '''Port-Linked Industrialisation'''||57||{{INRConvert|4639700|m|lk=|year=2017|to=USD EUR}}
|-
| '''Coastal Community Development'''|| 65||{{INRConvert|69760|m|lk=|year=2017|to=USD EUR}}
|-
| '''Total'''|| 577 ||{{INRConvert|8570500|m|lk=|year=2017|to=USD EUR}}
|}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=159037|title=Sagarmala Programme|website=pib.nic.in}}</ref>

As of 31-Mar-2018, a total of 492 projects ({{INRConvert|4.255630|lc|lk=|year=2018}}) were under various stages of implementation, development and completion.

'''<big>Port-Modernization under Sagarmala</big>'''

Since about more than 90% of India's trade by volume is conducted via the country's maritime route, there is a continuous need to develop India's ports and trade-related infrastructure to accelerate growth in the manufacturing industry and to assist the 'Make in India' initiative. India has 12 major ports and approximately 200 non-major ports administered by Central and State Governments respectively.

As per the studies conducted under the Sagarmala Programme, it is expected that by 2025, cargo traffic at Indian ports will be approximately 2500 million [[tonne]]s per year while the current cargo handling capacity of Indian ports is only 1500 million tonnes per year. A roadmap has been prepared for increasing the Indian port capacity to over 3500 million tonnes per year by 2025 to cater to the growing traffic. This includes port operational efficiency improvement, capacity expansion of existing ports and new port development.

Under Project Unnati, the global benchmarks were adopted to improve the efficiency and productivity KPIs for 12 major ports. Around 116 initiatives were identified across 12 major ports to unlock more than 100 MTPA capacity just through efficiency improvement. Out of which, 86 initiatives have been implemented to unlock around 80 MTPA capacity.

===<small>Mega Ports</small>===


Six megaports are planned in Sagarmala project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=159037|title=Sagarmala Programme|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2017-04-25}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|'''Location'''
|'''State'''
|'''Status'''
|-
|Sagar Island
|West Bengal
|DPR under preparation
|-
|Paradip Outer Harbour
|Odisha
|DPR under preparation.
|-
|Sirkazhi
|Tamil Nadu
|Techno Economic Feasibility Report(TEFR) prepared.
|-
|Kanniyakumari
|Tamil Nadu
|Major Transhipment Port at [[Kanniyakumari]]. SPV formed for the purpose - March, 2019.
|-
|Belikeri
|Karnataka
|Techno Economic Feasibility Report (TEFR) prepared.
|-
|Vadhavan
|Maharashtra
|DPR under preparation.
|}

===Port-linked Industrialization under Sagarmala ===
====Coastal Economic Zones (CEZ) and Coastal Economic Units (CEU)====
{{see also | Transport_in_India#Logistics | label 1 = Logistics in India}}

'''Coastal Economic Zones''' (CEZ) is an important component of the Sagarmala Programme aimed at port-led industrial development of 14 business-friendly [[Special economic zone|Coastal Economic Zone]]s (CEZ) with the investment of {{INRConvert|4639700|m|lk=|year=2017|to=USD EUR}}, centered around [[ports in India]] spread across [[Coastal India|national coastline]] of 7,500 km, by using [[Make in India]] indigenous manufacturing scheme. Sectors targeted for manufacturing units are maritime and inland waterways, water transport, coastal and cruise shipping, and solar and wind energy generation, auto, telecom and IT, etc. Each CEZ will cover economic region consisting of several coastal districts with strong linkage to the ports in that region. Each CEZs will also create synergy with [[industrial corridor]]s passing through the region, such as [[Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor Project]], [[Mumbai-Bangalore economic corridor]], [[Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India|Dedicated Freight Corridor]], [[Chennai Bangalore Industrial Corridor]], [[Visakhapatnam–Chennai Industrial Corridor]] and [[Amritsar Delhi Kolkata Industrial Corridor]], etc.<ref name=cez1>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/61663755.cms "Decks cleared for first mega CEZ; 45 companies may invest Rs 15k-crore in phase-I."], [[The Economic Times|Economic Times]], 1 November 2017.</ref><ref name=cez2>[http://sagarmala.gov.in "Sagarmala: Port-led industrialization."], [[Government of India]].</ref><ref name=cez3>[http://www.deccanchronicle.com/opinion/columnists/170216/the-a-to-z-of-coastal-economic-zones.html "The A to Z of coastal economic zones."], [[Deccan Chronicle]], 17 February 2016.</ref><ref name=cez4>[http://www.firstpost.com/india/sagarmala-project-proposes-14-coastal-economic-zones-across-india-3130866.html "Sagarmala Project proposes 14 coastal economic zones across India."], [[First Post]], 29 November 2016.</ref>

Each CEZ will have several '''Coastal Economic Units''' (CEU), and in turn each CEU will have several '''Port-Linked Industrial Clusters''' (PLIC). "Coastal Employment Units" (CEUs) serve as nodes within CEZ, each CEU industrial is an industrial estates with multiple industries. Each "Port-Linked Industrial Clusters" (PLIC) within CEU will have several manufacturing units.<ref name=cez1/><ref name=cez2/><ref name=cez3/>

Benefits include [[Economy of India|national GDP growth]] with [[Ease of doing business index|ease of doing business]] by boosting export by US$100 billion, 150,000 job creation by 2025, reduction in export cargo logistics cost and time, and increased global competitiveness of Indian exports.<ref name=cez1/><ref name=cez2/><ref name=cez4/>

====List of CEZs proposed under the Sagarmala Programme ====
Total 14 CEZs are planned to be developed in phases across [[coastal India]].<ref name=cez2/>
#Kachch CEZ
#Saurashtra CEZ
#Suryapur CEZ
#North Konkan CEZ
#South Konkan CEZ
#Dakshin Kanara CEZ
#Malabar CEZ
#Mannar CEZ
#Poompuhar CEZ
#VCIC South CEZ
#VCIC Central CEZ
#VCIC North CEZ
#Kalinga CEZ
#Gaud CEZ

=== Connectivity ===
Of the 51, {{INRConvert|44600|c|lk=|year=2018|to=USD EUR}} port connectivity rail projects, 11 projects are already complete and rest are under execution.<ref name=yo1>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/projects-worth-rs-44-6k-crore-underway-for-rail-connectivity-to-ports/articleshow/67113107.cms Projects worth Rs 44.6k crore underway for rail connectivity to ports], Economic Times.</ref>

====List of Port-Linked Industrial Clusters (PLIC) ====
Total 37 port-linked industrial clusters across several sectors:<ref name=cez2/>
* '''Discrete Manufacturing Cluster''', total 23:
*'''Petrochemical Cluster''', total 4:
* '''Power Cluster''', total 4:
* '''Steel Cluster''', total 2:
* '''Maritime Cluster''', total 2:
* '''Cement Cluster''', total 2:

==== Other initiatives for promoting port-linked industrialization under Sagarmala====
In November 2017, with the development of first Special Economic Zone centered around the busiest cargo ports in India that handles 40% of India's export-import volume, [[Jawaharlal Nehru Port]] east of [[Mumbai]], was initiated. Several large companies from telecom, auto and IT sectors are expected to bid for the 200 hectares of export-oriented manufacturing units in the SEZ to reduce export logistics cost, thus also generating direct jobs by infusing new technology, investment and world's best management practices.

Further, development of Smart Industrial Port City (SIPC) at Paradip and at Kandla ports and Coastal Employment Units (CEUs) at V.O. Chaidambarnar Port Trust and Kamarajar Port Limited is under progress.

'''<big>Port-connectivity enhancement under Sagarmala</big>'''

Under Sagarmala Programme, the endeavor is to provide enhanced connectivity between the ports and the domestic production/consumption centres. More than 210 connectivity projects have been identified. Some of the types of connectivity projects considered are listed below:

* Coastal Berths at various major and non-major ports
* National waterways prioritized for development in the first phase
* Heavy haul rail corridor from Talcher to Paradip
* Connectivity to Dedicated freight corridors
* Last mile rail and road connectivity projects
* Major rail connectivity projects
* Freight friendly Expressway projects connecting the major ports
* Development of Multi-Modal Logistics Parks
* POL Pipelines

=== Coastal Community Development under Sagarmala ===

'''Fisheries'''

Sagarmala Programme in coordination with related Central Ministries and State Governments would fund capacity building, infrastructure, and social development projects related to value addition in fisheries, aquaculture and [[cold chain]] development. As part of the coastal community development component of the Sagarmala Programme, Ministry is part-funding fishing harbour projects in convergence with Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying (DADF).

'''Coastal Tourism'''

For promoting tourism in maritime states under Sagarmala, projects have been identified in convergence with Ministry of Tourism and tourism development departments of maritime state governments. Key coastal tourism projects include:

* Development of Coastal Circuits under Swadesh Darshan Scheme of Ministry of Tourism
* Development of infrastructure for promoting Cruise tourism
* Development of lighthouses
* National Maritime Heritage Museum Complex at Lothal
* Underwater viewing gallery and restaurant at Beyt Dwarka

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Transport|Roads|Railways}}

* [[Bharatmala]]
** [[Diamond Quadrilateral]], Subsumed in Bharatmala
** [[Golden Quadrilateral]], completed national road development connectivity older scheme
** [[Expressways of India]]
** [[Setu Bharatam]], river road bridge development in India
* [[Transport in India]]
** [[Multi-Modal Logistics Parks in India]]
** [[Future of rail transport in India|Rail transport in India]]
** [[UDAN]], national aviation development scheme
* [[Water transport in India]]
** [[Indian Rivers Inter-link]]
** [[List of National Waterways in India]]
** [[RORO ferries in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Government Schemes in India}}

[[Category:Modi administration initiatives]]
[[Category:Proposed transport infrastructure in India]]
[[Category:Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (India)]]

Sagar Mala project - Revision history

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->MSG17 at 21:42, 7 November 2021