->Dev0745 at 03:25, 9 November 2021

2021-11-09T03:25:50Z

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{{Short description|Eastern Indo-Aryan language}}
{{Redirect2|Nagpuri language|Nagpuria language|the dialect of Nagpur, Maharashtra|Varhadi dialect|the dialect of Uttarakhand|Nagpuriya dialect (Garhwal)}}
{{Redirect-distinguish|Gawari|Gavari|Gawri|Gauri (disambiguation){{!}}Gauri}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Sadri
| altname = Nagpuri
| nativename = सादरी (नागपुरी), ସାଦ୍ରୀ, সাদ্রী
| states = [[India]]
| region = West Central [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|Chota Nagpur]] ([[Jharkhand]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Odisha]] and [[Bihar]])
| ethnicity = [[Nagpuri people|Nagpuri]]
| speakers = {{sigfig|5.1|2}} million
| date = 2011 census
| speakers2 = (Census results conflate some speakers with [[Hindi]]) [[Second language|L2 speakers]]: {{sigfig|7|2}} million (2007)
| ref = <ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language_MTs.html|title=Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2011|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=2018-07-07}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/sck|title=Sadri|website=Ethnologue}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{cite web |url=http://www.indiamapped.com/languages-in-india/jharkhand-sadri-language/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-11-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127085046/http://www.indiamapped.com/languages-in-india/jharkhand-sadri-language/ |archive-date=2016-11-27 }}</ref>
| map = Sadri speaking region.png
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4 = [[Eastern Indo-Aryan languages|Eastern]]
| fam5 = [[Bihari languages|Bihari]]
| fam6 = [[Sadanic languages|Sadanic]]
| ancestor =
| script = [[Devanagari]]<br/> [[Kaithi]] (historical)<br/>[[Odia script|Odia]]<br/>[[Bengali–Assamese script|Bengali-Assamese]]<br/>[[Latin script|Latin]]
| nation = {{IND}}
* [[Jharkhand]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.avenuemail.in/ranchi/jharkhand-gives-second-language-status-to-magahi-angika-bhojpuri-and-maithili/118291/|title=Jharkhand gives second language status to Magahi, Angika, Bhojpuri and Maithili|website=avenuemail|date=21 March 2018}}</ref> (additional)
| iso3 = sck
| glotto = sada1242
| glottorefname = Sadani
| mapcaption = Sadri-speaking region in India
}}
[[File:WIKITONGUES- Nicolas speaking Sadri, Kharia, and Sambalpuri.webm|thumb|A Sadri speaker speaking three languages, recorded in [[China]].]]
'''Sadri''' (also known as '''Nagpuri''') is an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan language]] spoken in the [[India]]n states of [[Jharkhand]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Odisha]] and [[Bihar]]. It is native language of the [[Nagpuri people|Sadan]]. In addition to native speakers, it is also used as [[lingua franca]] by many tribal groups such as [[Kharia people|Kharia]], [[Munda people|Munda]] and [[Kurukh people|Kurukh]], and a number of speakers of these tribal groups have adopted it as their first language. It is also used as a lingua franca among [[Tea-garden community of Assam|Tea-garden community]] of [[Assam]], [[West Bengal]] and [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.southasiabibliography.de/uploads/Sadri.htm|title=Sadani / Sadri|website=www.southasiabibliography.de}}</ref><ref name="auto4"/> According to the 2011 Census, there were approximately 5,130,000 native speakers of the Nagpuri language, including 19,100 identifying as Gawari, 4,350,000 as "Sadan/Sadri" and 763,000 as "Nagpuria". Around 7 million people speak it as [[second language]].<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/sck|title=Sadri|website=Ethnologue}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The origin of Sadani/Sadri and other related terms is somewhat obscure. Probably the term "Sadan" derive from [[Nishada Kingdom|nisaada]], referring to an ethnic group of North India.
<ref name="auto"/> The name Nagpur is probably taken from [[Nagvanshi dynasty|Nagvanshi]], who ruled in this part of the country.<ref name=houlton>Sir John Houlton, ''Bihar, the Heart of India'', pp. 127–128, Orient Longmans, 1949.</ref>

==Classification==
Nagpuri belongs to [[Bihari languages|Bihari]] group of [[Indo-Aryan languages]].<ref name="auto" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&pg=PA4387|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot|isbn=9788126012213|last1=Lal|first1=Mohan|year=1992}}</ref> There are different opinion among linguist about origin of Nagpuri language. [[Sir George Abraham Grierson]] had classified Nagpuri as dialect of [[Bhojpuri language]] in his Survey "[[Linguistic Survey of India]]". According to professor Keshri Kumar Singh, Nagpuri is descendant of [[Magadhi Prakrit]] in his book "Nagpuri bhasa ebam Sahitya". According to Dr. Sravan Kumar Goswami, Nagpuri had evolved from [[Ardhamagadhi Prakrit]].<ref name="Samanya Gyan">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFmxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA195|title=Jharkhand Samanya Gyan|isbn=9789351867982|last1=Ranjan|first1=Manish|date=19 August 2002}}</ref> It is sometimes considered a [[Hindi Belt|Hindi dialect]].<ref name="auto"/>

==Geographical Distribution==
Nagpuri language is mainly spoken in western [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]] region in following, details geographical distribution of language is tabulated below;
{| class="wikitable"
|+Geographical distribution of Sadri language
!State
![[Jharkhand]]
![[Chhattisgarh]]
![[Odisha]]
![[Bihar]]
|-
| rowspan="10" |District
|[[Chatra district|Chatra]]
|[[Jashpur district|Jashpur]]
| rowspan="10" |[[Sundergarh district]]
|[[Aurangabad district, Bihar|Aurangabad]]
|-
|[[Palamu district|Palamu]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Surguja district|Sarguja]]
| rowspan="9" |[[Gaya district]]
|-
|[[Latehar district|Latehar]]
|-
|[[Hazaribagh district|Hazaribagh]]
| rowspan="7" |[[Balrampur district, Chhattisgarh|Balrampur]]
|-
|[[Lohardaga district|Lohardaga]]
|-
|[[Gumla district|Gumla]]
|-
|[[Ranchi district|Ranchi]]
|-
|[[Simdega district|Simdega]]
|-
|[[West Singhbhum district|West Singhbhum]]
|-
|[[Khunti district|Khunti]]
|}

It is also spoken by some [[Tea-garden community of Assam|Tea garden community]] in Tea garden area of [[Bangladesh]], [[West Bengal]] and [[Assam]] who were taken as labourer to work in Tea garden during British Rule.<ref name="auto3"/><ref name="auto2"/>

==Status==
Historically Nagpuri was [[lingua-franca]] in the region. It was court language during reign of [[Nagvanshi dynasty]].<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/giant-new-chapter-for-nagpuri-poetry/cid/362632|title=Giant new chapter for Nagpuri poetry|website=telegraphindia|date=5 November 2012}}</ref> Nagpuri is accorded as second official language in Indian state of [[Jharkhand]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.avenuemail.in/ranchi/jharkhand-gives-second-language-status-to-magahi-angika-bhojpuri-and-maithili/118291/|title=Jharkhand gives second language status to Magahi, Angika, Bhojpuri and Maithili|website=avenuemail|date=11 March 2018}}</ref> There is demand to include Nagpuri in [[Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India|Eighth schedule]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Requests-to-include-38-languages-in-Constitution-pending-Govt/article16850895.ece/amp/|title=Requests to include 38 languages in Constitution pending: Govt|website=thehindu|date=1 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/38-languages-stake-claim-to-be-in-eighth-schedule/|title=38 languages stake claim to be in Eighth schedule|website=dailyexcelsior|date=16 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/ranchi/demand-for-joining-the-nagpur-language-8th-schedule/amplite/1165636.html|title='नागपुरी पझरा' संवाद कार्यक्रम में उठी नागपुरी भाषा को 8वीं अनुसूची में शामिल करने की मांग|website=prabhatkhabar}}</ref> Some academics oppose inclusion of hindi dialects in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution as full-fledged Indian languages. According to them recognition of Hindi dialects as separate languages would deprive Hindi of millions of its speakers and eventually no Hindi will be left.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Dont-add-Hindi-dialects-in-Eighth-Schedule-say-academics/article17064058.ece/amp/|title=Don't add Hindi dialects in Eighth Schedule, say academics|website=thehindu|date=20 January 2017}}</ref>

==Literature==
Literature in Nagpuri language started around 17th century. Nagvanshi king [[Raghunath Shah]] and King of [[Ramgarh Raj|Ramgarh]], [[Dalel Singh (king)|Dalel Singh]] were poet.<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2014/state-editions/bid-to-save-language-treasure-by-dr-keshri.html|title=Bid to save language treasure by Dr Keshri|website=dailypioneer|date=30 March 2014|access-date=16 September 2019}}</ref> Some Nagpuri peot were Hanuman Singh, Jaigovind Mishra, Barju Ram, Ghasiram Mahli, Das Mahli, Mahant Ghasi and Kanchan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/nagpuri-cinema/nagpuri-artist-singer-mahavir-nayak-nagpuri-raga-ragini-preserving/1325460.html|title=नागपुरी राग-रागिनियों को संरक्षित कर रहे महावीर नायक|website=prabhatkhabar|date=4 September 2019|access-date=17 September 2019}}</ref> "Nagvanshavali" written by Beniram Mehta is a historical work in Nagpuri language. Great poet [[Ghasiram Mahli]] had written several works including "Nagvanashavali", "Durgasaptasati", "Barahamasa", "Vivha Parichhan" etc. There were also great writer like Pradumn Das and Rudra Singh.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1TCcDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA244|title=Jharkhand Samanya Gyan|isbn=9789351866848|last1=Ranjan|first1=Manish|date=January 2016}}</ref> Some Nagpuri language writers and poet in modern period are Praful Kumar Rai, Sahani Upendra Pal Nahan, Shiv Avtar Choudhary, [[Lal Ranvijay Nath Shahdeo]], [[Bisheshwar Prasad Keshari]] and Girdhari Ram Ganjhu.<ref name="Samanya Gyan"/>

Nagpuri, taught at [[Ranchi University]] and other universities of Jharkhand.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/ranchi/RU-gold-medallist-to-promote-Nagpuri-lang/articleshow/50666891.cms|title=RU gold medallist to promote Nagpuri lang|website=timesofindia|date=21 January 2016}}</ref> Monthly Nagpuri magazines ''Gotiya'' and ''Johar Sahiya'' have been published in [[Ranchi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/nagpuri-call-for-culture/cid/562024|title=Nagpuri call for culture|website=telegraphindia|date=25 July 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.in/newspapers_details/ref_id-38355/language-nagpuri/periodicity-monthly/district-ranchi/state-jharkhand|title=JOHAR SAHIYA|website=newspapers}}</ref> Several magazines have been also published in Assam, West Bengal’s Tarai and Dooars district.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thethumbprintmag.com/new-insight-into-tea-community-of-assam/|title=New insight into tea community of Assam|website=thethumbprintmag|date=25 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{cite web |url=http://www.indiamapped.com/languages-in-india/jharkhand-sadri-language/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-11-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127085046/http://www.indiamapped.com/languages-in-india/jharkhand-sadri-language/ |archive-date=2016-11-27 }}</ref>

==Sample phrases==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English !! Nagpuri!! Nagpuri ([[Devanagari]])
|-
| What is your name?||Tor naam ka heke?|| तोर नाम का हेके ?
|-
| How are you ?||Toen kaisan aahis? ||तोयं कसैन आहीस्?
|-
| I am fine.|| Moen thik aahon || मोएं ठीक आहों।
|-
| What?|| Ka? || का?
|-
| Who?|| Ke? || के?
|-
| Why?|| Kale? ||काले?
|-
| How?|| Kaisan? || कसैन?
|-
| Which?|| Kon? || कोन?
|-
| Come here.|| Hian aao || हीयां आओ
|-
| I am going to home.|| Moen ghar jat hon ||मोएं घर जात हों।
|-
| I have eaten.|| Moen kha hon || मोएं खा हों।
|-
| I will go.|| Moen Jamu || मोएं जामु।
|-
| We go.|| Hame jaeil || हामे जाइल।
|-
| You go.|| Toen jais || तोयं जाइस्।
|-
| You are writing.|| Toen likhathis || तोयं लिखतहिस्।
|-
| You will come.|| Toen aabe || तोयं आबे।
|-
| We are writing.|| Hame likhathi || हामे लीखतही।
|-
| We have written.|| Hame likh hi || हामे लीख ही।
|-
| He/She come.|| Oo aawela || उ आवेला।
|-
| He/She is going.|| Oo jat he || उ जात हे।
|-
| He/She was coming.|| Oo aawat rahe ||उ आवत रहे।
|-
| He/She will play.|| Oo kheli || उ खेली।
|-
| They have eaten bread.||Ooman roti kha haen || उमन रोटी खा हयं।
|-
| They went.||Ooman gelaen || उमन गेलयं।
|-
| They will go home.|| Ooman ghar jabaen ||उमन घर जाबयं।
|}
===Relations===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Father|| Abba, Baba || आबा, बाबा
|-
| Mother||Maa, Aayo || मा, आयो
|-
| Brother|| Bhai || भाइ
|-
| Sister|| Bahin || बहीन
|-
| Paternal uncle|| Kaka||काका
|-
| Paternal aunt|| Kaki|| काकी
|-
| Maternal uncle|| Mama|| मामा
|-
| Maternal aunt|| Mami|| मामी
|-
| friend|| Sang(male), Sangi(female) ||संग(पुरूष), संगी(स्त्री)
|-
| brother of sister-in-law and brother-in-law|| Sangat(for female), Yaar(for male) ||संगात, यार
|-
| sister of sister-in-law and brother-in-law|| Sangatin ||संगातीन
|}

==Alternate names==
Alternate names of dialects include: Sadani, Sadana, Sadati, Sadari, Sadhan, Sadna, Sadrik, Santri, Siddri, Sradri, Sadhari, Sadan, Nagpuria, Nagpuri, Chota Nagpuri, Dikku Kaji, Gawari, Ganwari, Goari, Gauuari, Jharkhandhi.<ref>
{{Cite web
|title = Sadri (Language code 'sck')
|work = Global Recordings Network
|access-date = 2012-08-25
|url = http://globalrecordings.net/en/langcode/sck
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120513013106/http://globalrecordings.net/en/langcode/sck
|archive-date = 2012-05-13
}}</ref><ref>
{{Cite web
|title = Oraon Sadri (Language code 'sdr')
|work = Global Recordings Network
|access-date = 2012-08-25
|url = http://globalrecordings.net/en/langcode/sdr
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120515021551/http://globalrecordings.net/en/langcode/sdr
|archive-date = 2012-05-15
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title = Ethnologue report for language code: sck
|work = Ethnologue
|access-date = 2012-08-25
|url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sck
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120831083014/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sck
|archive-date = 2012-08-31
}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Nagpuri cinema]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Bihari languages}}
{{Languages of Bangladesh}}
{{Languages of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sadri Language}}
[[Category:Hindi languages]]
[[Category:Eastern Indo-Aryan languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Languages of Odisha]]
[[Category:Languages of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Languages of Bangladesh]]

Sadri language - Revision history

->Dev0745 at 03:25, 9 November 2021