Sadasiva - Revision history

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Page updated with relevant improvements

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	{{Infobox deity		{{Short description\|Aspect of Hindu god Shiva as the Supreme Being}}
			<noinclude>{{Requested move notice\|1=Sadashiva\|2=Talk:Sadasiva#Requested move 17 March 2026}}
			</noinclude>{{Infobox deity
	\| type = Hindu		\| type = Hindu
	\| image = Sadashiva.jpg		\| image = Sadashiva.jpg
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	\| Sanskrit_transliteration =		\| Sanskrit_transliteration =
	\| Tamil_transliteration =		\| Tamil_transliteration =
	\| mantra = [[Om Namah Shivaya]]		\| mantra = [[Om Namah Shivaya\|Panchakshari mantra]]
	\| deity_of =		\| deity_of = [[Para Brahman]], the Supreme Being<br> Primordial - [[Ultimate Reality]]<br> God of Grace, Obscuration, [[Brahma\|Creation]], [[Thirumal\|Preservation]], [[Rudra\|Destruction]], [[Kāla\|Time]]
	\| affiliation = [[~~Parameshwara~~ (~~god~~)\|~~Absolute Being~~]], [[Shiva]]		\| affiliation = [[Parameshvara (epithet)\|Parameshvara]], [[Shiva]], [[Rudra]], [[Mahakala]], [[Pashupati]], [[Batara Guru]]
	\| weapon = [[Trishula]] (Trident)		\| weapon = [[Trishula]] (Trident)
	\| symbols = [[Mukhalinga]]		\| symbols = [[Mukhalinga]]
	\| consort = [[Adi Parashakti]] as [[~~Mahagayatri~~]]		\| consort = [[Adi Parashakti]] (according to [[Shaivism]])
	\| children =		\| children =
	\| abode = [[Tattva (~~Shaivism~~)\|Sadakya Tattva]], ~~Celestial~~ [[Kailash~~\|Maha Kailasam~~]]		\| abode = [[Tattva (Hinduism)\|Sadakya Tattva]], [[Mount Kailash]]
	\| festivals =		\| festivals =
	}}		}}
	{{~~Saivism~~}}		{{Hinduism}}
	'''~~Sadashiva~~''' ({{~~lang-~~sa\|सदाशिव}}, {{IAST\|Sadāśiva~~}}, {{lang-ta\|சதாசிவம்~~}} ), is the [[Supreme Being~~]] Lord [[Parameshwara (god)\|Paramashiva~~]] in the ~~Mantra marga~~ [[~~Saiva~~ Siddhanta~~\|Siddhanta sect~~]] of [[~~Shaivism~~]]. Sadasiva is the omnipotent, subtle, luminous absolute~~. The~~ highest manifestation of ~~almighty who~~ is ~~blessing with~~ ''~~Anugraha~~'' or grace, the fifth of ''Panchakritya'' - "~~Holy~~ five acts" of Shiva. Sadasiva is usually depicted having five faces and ten hands, is ~~also~~ considered one of the 25 [[~~Maheshwara murtams~~]] of ~~Lord [[~~Shiva]]. [[Āgama (Hinduism)#Texts\|~~Sivagamas~~]] conclude, [[~~Shiva Lingam~~]], especially [[~~Mukhalinga~~]]m, is another form of Sadasiva.{{sfnp\|Srinivasan\|1997\|p=272}}		'''Sadasiva''' ({{langx\|sa\|सदाशिव}}, {{IAST\|Sadāśiva}}), is the [[King of the gods\|Supreme Being]] in the [[Shaiva Siddhanta]] tradition of [[Hinduism]]. Sadasiva is the omnipotent, subtle, luminous absolute, the highest manifestation of [[Shiva]]. Sadasiva is believed to bestow ''anugraha'' and ''vilaya'', or grace and obscuration of [[Anava\|pasha]], which are the fourth and fifth of the ''Panchakritya'', or the "five holy acts" of Shiva. Sadasiva is usually depicted having five faces and ten hands, and is considered one of the [[Panchavimshatimurti\|''25 forms'']] of Shiva. [[Āgama (Hinduism)#Texts\|Shiva Agamas]] conclude that the [[lingam]], especially the [[mukhalinga]]m, is another form of Sadasiva.{{sfnp\|Srinivasan\|1997\|p=272}}

	== Representation ==		== Representation ==
	The concept and form of Sadasiva initially emerged from South India, although many ancient sculptures of Sadasiva were obtained from various parts of India and South East Asia.{{sfnp\|Sharma\|1976\|pp=1–3}} It is believed that the cult of Sadasiva was widespread in the region of [[Bengal]] during the period of [[Sena dynasty]] who traced their origin in [[South India]].{{sfnp\|Mazumdar\|2008\|p={{pn\|date=July 2021}}}} Sadasiva is usually represented in the form of a [[Mukhalinga]] with the number of faces varying from one to five. The first ever sculpture of Sadasiva as a lingam with five faces was found in Bhita, near [[~~Allahabad~~]], and dates to the 2nd century CE.{{sfnp\|Sharma\|1976\|pp=1–3}} His five faces, ''Ishana, Tatpurusha, Vamadeva, Aghora'' and ''Satyojata'' are known as ''[[Panchabrahma]]s'' (five creators), the emanations towards the four directions and upwards from the ''nishkala'' (formless) [[Parashiva]]. Kamiga Agama, the first Agama of 28 [[Āgama (Hinduism)#Texts\|Sivagamas]] depicts Sadasiva as having five faces and ten arms. His five right hands hold [[Trishula]], [[Axe]], [[Katvanga]], [[Vajra]] and [[Abhayamudra\|Abhaya]] while his five left hands hold [[Snake]], [[Citron\|Matulunga fruit]], [[Nymphaea nouchali\|Nilotpala]], [[Damaru]], [[Rudraksha]] rosary and [[Varadamudra\|Varadam]].{{sfnp\|Sivacharya\|2012}} The consort of Sadasiva is goddess [[Parvati\|Mahagayatri]], a form of [[Parvati]] often known as ''Manonmani'' in Agamic texts.{{sfnp\|Stutley\|2006\|p={{pn\|date=July 2021}}}}{{sfnp\|Hāṇḍā\|1992\|p={{pn\|date=July 2021}}}} She is sometimes depicted having two arms and residing in the lap of Sadasiva.		The concept and form of Sadasiva initially emerged from South India, although many ancient sculptures of Sadasiva were obtained from various parts of India and South East Asia.{{sfnp\|Sharma\|1976\|pp=1–3}} It is believed that the cult of Sadasiva was widespread in the region of [[Bengal]] during the period of [[Sena dynasty]] who traced their origin in [[South India]].{{sfnp\|Mazumdar\|2008\|p={{page needed\|date=July 2021}}}} Sadasiva is usually represented in the form of a [[Mukhalinga]] with the number of faces varying from one to five. The first ever sculpture of Sadasiva as a lingam with five faces was found in Bhita, near [[Prayagraj]], and dates to the 2nd century CE.{{sfnp\|Sharma\|1976\|pp=1–3}} His five faces, ''Ishana, Tatpurusha, Vamadeva, Aghora'' and ''Satyojata'' are known as ''[[Panchabrahma]]s'' (five creators), the emanations towards the four directions and upwards from the ''nishkala'' (formless) [[Parashiva]]. Kamiga Agama, the first Agama of 28 [[Āgama (Hinduism)#Texts\|Sivagamas]] depicts Sadasiva as having five faces and ten arms. His five right hands hold [[Trishula]], [[Axe]], [[Katvanga]], [[Vajra]] and [[Abhayamudra\|Abhaya]] while his five left hands hold [[Snake]], [[Citron\|Matulunga fruit]], [[Nymphaea nouchali\|Nilotpala]], [[Damaru]], [[Rudraksha]] rosary and [[Varadamudra\|Varadam]].{{sfnp\|Sivacharya\|2012}} The consort of Sadasiva is goddess [[Parvati\|Mahagayatri]], a form of Parvati often known as ''Manonmani'' in Agamic texts.{{sfnp\|Stutley\|2006\|p={{page needed\|date=July 2021}}}}{{sfnp\|Hāṇḍā\|1992\|p={{page needed\|date=July 2021}}}} She is sometimes depicted having two arms and residing in the lap of Sadasiva.

	{{gallery		{{gallery
	\|mode = nolines		\|mode = nolines
	~~\|File:Sadashiva.JPG\|A painting of Sadasiva murti, South India~~
	\|File:Trimurti_Wat_Phu_0519.jpg\|Sadasiva standing midst [[Brahma]] and [[Vishnu]]. 10th c. CE sculpture at [[Vat Phou]], [[Laos]]		\|File:Trimurti_Wat_Phu_0519.jpg\|Sadasiva standing midst [[Brahma]] and [[Vishnu]]. 10th c. CE sculpture at [[Vat Phou]], [[Laos]]
	\|File:Sadashiva (พระสทาศิวะ Phra Satha Siva).png\|Sadashiva murti, Bangkok National Museum		\|File:Sadashiva (พระสทาศิวะ Phra Satha Siva).png\|Sadashiva murti, Bangkok National Museum
			\|File:Sadashiva.JPG\|A painting of Sadasiva murti, South India
	}}		}}

	== Panchabrahma ==		== Panchabrahma ==
	{{main\|Pañcānana}}		{{main\|Pañcānana}}
	According to Shaivite texts,{{which\|date=August 2021}} the supreme being [[Parameshwara (god)\|Parashivam]] manifests as pentads ~~apart from~~ the ~~well-known~~ trinity of other Hindu sects - Brahma, ~~Visnu~~ and Shiva. His five deeds ~~which are~~ known "Panchakrityas" (holy ~~five~~ acts) are assigned to ''Panchamurti'', his five aspects, viz., [[Brahma]], [[Vishnu]], [[Rudra]], [[~~Maheshwara~~]] and Sadashiva. Creation, ~~preservation~~, ~~destruction~~, ~~delusion~~ and ~~liberation~~ are done by these five manifestations respectively. The five faces of Parashiva ~~emanating~~ these five aspects ~~at whom we could not find any distinctions from himself,~~ are praised as "Panchabrahmas", the five creators or the five realities. The Panchamurtis of Shaivism are absorbed within Shaktism and named as "Panchapreta" (~~Five~~ bodies).{{cn\|date=August 2021}}		According to Shaivite texts,{{which\|date=August 2021}} the supreme being [[Parameshwara (god)\|Parashivam]] manifests as pentads, rather than the [[Trimurti\|trinity]] of other Hindu sects - Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. His five deeds, known "Panchakrityas" (five holy acts), are assigned to ''Panchamurti'', his five aspects, viz., [[Brahma]], [[Vishnu]], [[Rudra]], [[Mahesvara]] and Sadasiva (Mahesvara and Sadashiva are forms of Shiva, Rudra is also refers as Shiva ). Creation, Preservation, Destruction, Obscuration and Grace are done by these five manifestations respectively. The five faces of Parashiva which emanate these five aspects are praised as "Panchabrahmas", the five creators or the five realities). The Panchamurtis of Shaivism are absorbed within Shaktism and named as "Panchapreta" (five bodies).{{citation needed\|date=August 2021}}

	=== Five faces ===		=== Five faces ===
	The five faces of Sadasiva are sometimes identified with Mahadeva, [[Parvati]], [[Nandi (bull)\|Nandi]], [[Bhairava]] and Sadasiva himself.{{sfnp\|Rao\|1988\|p={{pn\|date=July 2021}}}} The ten arms of Sadasiva represent the ten directions.{{sfnp\|Hāṇḍā\|1992\|p={{pn\|date=July 2021}}}} Another variation of Sadasiva later evolved into another form of Shiva known as Mahasadasiva, in which Shiva is depicted with twenty-five heads with {{citation needed span\|seventy-~~seven~~ eyes\|date=August 2021}} and fifty arms. Given accounts relating to Sadasiva are collected from Kamika Agamam{{sfnp\|Sivacharya\|2012}} and Vishnudharmottara Purana.{{sfnp\|Sharma\|1976\|pp=1–3}}		The five faces of Sadasiva are sometimes identified with Mahadeva, [[Parvati]], [[Nandi (bull)\|Nandi]], [[Bhairava]] and Sadasiva himself.{{sfnp\|Rao\|1988\|p={{page needed\|date=July 2021}}}} The ten arms of Sadasiva represent the ten directions.{{sfnp\|Hāṇḍā\|1992\|p={{page needed\|date=July 2021}}}} Another variation of Sadasiva later evolved into another form of Shiva known as Mahasadasiva, in which Shiva is depicted with twenty-five heads with {{citation needed span\|seventy-five eyes\|date=August 2021}} and fifty arms. Given accounts relating to Sadasiva are collected from Kamika Agamam{{sfnp\|Sivacharya\|2012}} and Vishnudharmottara Purana.{{sfnp\|Sharma\|1976\|pp=1–3}}

	== References ==		== References ==
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	*{{cite book\|first=C. V. Ramachandra \|last=Rao \|title=Siva-Mahesa (Sadasiva) Murti of Bhairavakona: an iconographical study \|year=1988 \|publisher=Manasa Publications \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zwRFAQAAIAAJ}}		*{{cite book\|first=C. V. Ramachandra \|last=Rao \|title=Siva-Mahesa (Sadasiva) Murti of Bhairavakona: an iconographical study \|year=1988 \|publisher=Manasa Publications \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zwRFAQAAIAAJ}}
	*{{cite book \|title=Iconography of Sadasiva \|publisher=Abhinav Publications \|date=1976 \|first=B.N. \|last=Sharma \|isbn=978-8170170372}}		*{{cite book \|title=Iconography of Sadasiva \|publisher=Abhinav Publications \|date=1976 \|first=B.N. \|last=Sharma \|isbn=978-8170170372}}
	* {{cite web \|first=S.P. Sabharathanam \|last=Sivacharya \|title=Kamika Agama Uttara Pada \|url=https://www.himalayanacademy.com/view/kamika-agama-uttara-pada-part-2 \|website=Hmalayan Academy \|year=2012 \|access-date=28 September 2017}}		* {{cite web \|first=S.P. Sabharathanam \|last=Sivacharya \|title=Kamika Agama Uttara Pada \|url=https://www.himalayanacademy.com/view/kamika-agama-uttara-pada-part-2 \|website=Hmalayan Academy \|year=2012 \|access-date=28 September 2017 \|archive-date=16 June 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616172501/https://www.himalayanacademy.com/view/kamika-agama-uttara-pada-part-2 \|url-status=dead }}
	*{{cite book \|last=Srinivasan \|first=Dorin \|title=Many Heads, Arms, and Eyes: Origin, Meaning, and Form of Multiplicity in Indian Art \|year=1997\| publisher=Brill \|isbn=978-9004107588}}		*{{cite book \|last=Srinivasan \|first=Dorin \|title=Many Heads, Arms, and Eyes: Origin, Meaning, and Form of Multiplicity in Indian Art \|year=1997\| publisher=Brill \|isbn=978-9004107588}}
	*{{cite book \|first=Margaret \|last=Stutley \|title=Hindu Deities: A Mythological Dictionary with Illustrations \|year=2006 \|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers \|isbn=978-8121511643}}		*{{cite book \|first=Margaret \|last=Stutley \|title=Hindu Deities: A Mythological Dictionary with Illustrations \|year=2006 \|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers \|isbn=978-8121511643}}
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	==External links==		==External links==
	*{{Commons category inline\|Sadashiva}}		*{{Commons category-inline\|Sadashiva}}

	[[Category:Forms of Shiva]]		[[Category:Forms of Shiva]]

imported>Scyrme at 18:12, 22 August 2021

2021-08-22T18:12:13Z

New page

{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| image = Sadashiva.jpg
| caption = Sadasiva from West Bengal. 11th c. CE
| Devanagari =
| Sanskrit_transliteration =
| Tamil_transliteration =
| mantra = [[Om Namah Shivaya]]
| deity_of =
| affiliation = [[Parameshwara (god)|Absolute Being]], [[Shiva]]
| weapon = [[Trishula]] (Trident)
| symbols = [[Mukhalinga]]
| consort = [[Adi Parashakti]] as [[Mahagayatri]]
| children =
| abode = [[Tattva (Shaivism)|Sadakya Tattva]], Celestial [[Kailash|Maha Kailasam]]
| festivals =
}}
{{Saivism}}
'''Sadashiva''' ({{lang-sa|सदाशिव}}, {{IAST|Sadāśiva}}, {{lang-ta|சதாசிவம்}} ), is the [[Supreme Being]] Lord [[Parameshwara (god)|Paramashiva]] in the Mantra marga [[Saiva Siddhanta|Siddhanta sect]] of [[Shaivism]]. Sadasiva is the omnipotent, subtle, luminous absolute. The highest manifestation of almighty who is blessing with ''Anugraha'' or grace, the fifth of ''Panchakritya'' - "Holy five acts" of Shiva. Sadasiva is usually depicted having five faces and ten hands, is also considered one of the 25 [[Maheshwara murtams]] of Lord [[Shiva]]. [[Āgama (Hinduism)#Texts|Sivagamas]] conclude, [[Shiva Lingam]], especially [[Mukhalinga]]m, is another form of Sadasiva.{{sfnp|Srinivasan|1997|p=272}}

== Representation ==
The concept and form of Sadasiva initially emerged from South India, although many ancient sculptures of Sadasiva were obtained from various parts of India and South East Asia.{{sfnp|Sharma|1976|pp=1–3}} It is believed that the cult of Sadasiva was widespread in the region of [[Bengal]] during the period of [[Sena dynasty]] who traced their origin in [[South India]].{{sfnp|Mazumdar|2008|p={{pn|date=July 2021}}}} Sadasiva is usually represented in the form of a [[Mukhalinga]] with the number of faces varying from one to five. The first ever sculpture of Sadasiva as a lingam with five faces was found in Bhita, near [[Allahabad]], and dates to the 2nd century CE.{{sfnp|Sharma|1976|pp=1–3}} His five faces, ''Ishana, Tatpurusha, Vamadeva, Aghora'' and ''Satyojata'' are known as ''[[Panchabrahma]]s'' (five creators), the emanations towards the four directions and upwards from the ''nishkala'' (formless) [[Parashiva]]. Kamiga Agama, the first Agama of 28 [[Āgama (Hinduism)#Texts|Sivagamas]] depicts Sadasiva as having five faces and ten arms. His five right hands hold [[Trishula]], [[Axe]], [[Katvanga]], [[Vajra]] and [[Abhayamudra|Abhaya]] while his five left hands hold [[Snake]], [[Citron|Matulunga fruit]], [[Nymphaea nouchali|Nilotpala]], [[Damaru]], [[Rudraksha]] rosary and [[Varadamudra|Varadam]].{{sfnp|Sivacharya|2012}} The consort of Sadasiva is goddess [[Parvati|Mahagayatri]], a form of [[Parvati]] often known as ''Manonmani'' in Agamic texts.{{sfnp|Stutley|2006|p={{pn|date=July 2021}}}}{{sfnp|Hāṇḍā|1992|p={{pn|date=July 2021}}}} She is sometimes depicted having two arms and residing in the lap of Sadasiva.

{{gallery
|mode = nolines
|File:Sadashiva.JPG|A painting of Sadasiva murti, South India
|File:Trimurti_Wat_Phu_0519.jpg|Sadasiva standing midst [[Brahma]] and [[Vishnu]]. 10th c. CE sculpture at [[Vat Phou]], [[Laos]]
|File:Sadashiva (พระสทาศิวะ Phra Satha Siva).png|Sadashiva murti, Bangkok National Museum
}}

== Panchabrahma ==
{{main|Pañcānana}}
According to Shaivite texts,{{which|date=August 2021}} the supreme being [[Parameshwara (god)|Parashivam]] manifests as pentads apart from the well-known trinity of other Hindu sects - Brahma, Visnu and Shiva. His five deeds which are known "Panchakrityas" (holy five acts) are assigned to ''Panchamurti'', his five aspects, viz., [[Brahma]], [[Vishnu]], [[Rudra]], [[Maheshwara]] and Sadashiva. Creation, preservation, destruction, delusion and liberation are done by these five manifestations respectively. The five faces of Parashiva emanating these five aspects at whom we could not find any distinctions from himself, are praised as "Panchabrahmas", the five creators or the five realities. The Panchamurtis of Shaivism are absorbed within Shaktism and named as "Panchapreta" (Five bodies).{{cn|date=August 2021}}

=== Five faces ===
The five faces of Sadasiva are sometimes identified with Mahadeva, [[Parvati]], [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]], [[Bhairava]] and Sadasiva himself.{{sfnp|Rao|1988|p={{pn|date=July 2021}}}} The ten arms of Sadasiva represent the ten directions.{{sfnp|Hāṇḍā|1992|p={{pn|date=July 2021}}}} Another variation of Sadasiva later evolved into another form of Shiva known as Mahasadasiva, in which Shiva is depicted with twenty-five heads with {{citation needed span|seventy-seven eyes|date=August 2021}} and fifty arms. Given accounts relating to Sadasiva are collected from Kamika Agamam{{sfnp|Sivacharya|2012}} and Vishnudharmottara Purana.{{sfnp|Sharma|1976|pp=1–3}}

== References ==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|25em}}

=== Works cited ===
{{refbegin|2}}
*{{cite book |year=1992 |first=Omacanda |last=Hāṇḍā |title=Śiva in art: a study of Śaiva iconography and miniatures |publisher=Indus Pub. House}}
*{{cite book |year=2008 |first=Bijay Chandra |last=Mazumdar |isbn=978-1443767507 |title=The History of the Bengali Language |publisher=Read Books}}
*{{cite book|first=C. V. Ramachandra |last=Rao |title=Siva-Mahesa (Sadasiva) Murti of Bhairavakona: an iconographical study |year=1988 |publisher=Manasa Publications |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zwRFAQAAIAAJ}}
*{{cite book |title=Iconography of Sadasiva |publisher=Abhinav Publications |date=1976 |first=B.N. |last=Sharma |isbn=978-8170170372}}
* {{cite web |first=S.P. Sabharathanam |last=Sivacharya |title=Kamika Agama Uttara Pada |url=https://www.himalayanacademy.com/view/kamika-agama-uttara-pada-part-2 |website=Hmalayan Academy |year=2012 |access-date=28 September 2017}}
*{{cite book |last=Srinivasan |first=Dorin |title=Many Heads, Arms, and Eyes: Origin, Meaning, and Form of Multiplicity in Indian Art |year=1997| publisher=Brill |isbn=978-9004107588}}
*{{cite book |first=Margaret |last=Stutley |title=Hindu Deities: A Mythological Dictionary with Illustrations |year=2006 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers |isbn=978-8121511643}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category inline|Sadashiva}}

[[Category:Forms of Shiva]]