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{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| WHS = Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas
| image = Somanathapura Keshava temple.jpg
| Location = [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| Criteria = Cultural: i, ii, iv
| ID = 1670
| Year = 2023
| locmapin =
| map_caption =
| relief =
| coordinates =
}}
The '''Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas''' is a group of three [[Hoysala architecture|Hoysala-style]] temples in [[South India]] recognized as [[World Heritage Site]], which were built between the 12th and 13th centuries under the [[Hoysala Empire]].<ref name="The-Hindu1">{{cite web |title=Three Hoysala temples of Karnataka inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage sites |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/three-hoysala-temples-of-karnataka-inscribed-as-unesco-world-heritage-sites/article67321126.ece |website=www.thehindu.com |publisher=The Hindu |access-date=19 September 2023 |location=Mysuru |language=en-IN |date=18 September 2023}}</ref> The architectural style of the three temples was developed by the early Hoysala rulers – who established their new kingdoms and regimes in [[South India]] – as a distinctive and innovative sacred architecture, which distinguishes the temples from contemporary kingdoms and dynasties.

Outstanding architecture, hyper-realistic [[Sculpture|sculptures]] and [[Stone carving|stone carvings]], the three temples under the title of the ''Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas'' were inscribed on the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site|World Heritage List]] in 2023.<ref name="indianexpress1">{{cite web |last1=A |first1=Divya |title=Karnataka’s sacred ensembles of Hoysalas inscribed on UNESCO world heritage list |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/karnatakas-sacred-ensembles-of-hoysalas-inscribed-on-unesco-world-heritage-list-8945731/ |website=www.indianexpress.com |publisher=The Indian Express |access-date=19 September 2023 |location=New Delhi |language=en |date=18 September 2023}}</ref><ref name="hindustantimes1">{{cite web |last1=Singh |first1=Rahul Sunilkumar |title=Hoysala Temples in Karnataka now India's 42nd UNESCO's World Heritage site; PM Modi says ‘more pride’ |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/hoysala-temples-in-karnataka-now-unesco-world-heritage-sites-101695047144534.html |website=www.hindustantimes.com |publisher=Hindustan Times |access-date=19 September 2023 |language=en |date=18 September 2023}}</ref>

==Location==
{{Location map+ | Karnataka
| width = 200
| float = left
| relief = 1
| caption = Location of Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas.
| AlternativeMap = India Karnataka location map.svg
| places =
{{Location map~ | Karnataka
| label = Chennakeshava Temple
| position = top
| mark =
| marksize = 10
| lat_deg = 13.1629688
| lon_deg = 75.8577569 }}
{{Location map~ | Karnataka
| label = Keshava Temple
| position =
| mark =
| marksize = 10
| lat_deg = 12.275692
| lon_deg = 76.881653 }}
{{Location map~ | Karnataka
| label = Hoysaleswara Temple
| position =
| mark =
| marksize = 10
| lat_deg = 13.162930
| lon_deg = 75.860593 }}
}}
The Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas is located in three places in two districts of [[Karnataka]], there are two temples in [[Hassan district]] and one temple in [[Mysore district]].<ref name="Nomination-Dossier"/>

The [[Chennakeshava Temple, Belur|Chennakeshava Temple]] is located in [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]], about 35 kilometers (22 mi) northwest of [[Hassan, Karnataka|Hassan]] town, the headquarter of [[Hassan district|Hassan]] district. The temple is about 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) away from [[Halebidu]] Temple. The nearest airport to the temple is [[Kempegowda International Airport|Bangalore Airport]], from which it is a 220 km (137 mi) long drive of about 3.5 hours on [[National Highway 75 (India)|National Highway 75]] heading west.<ref name=Subramanian>{{cite book|author=V. K. Subramanian|title=Art Shrines of Ancient India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LcMhnC9sYS8C|year=2003|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-431-8|pages=75–77}}</ref> The [[Hoysaleswara Temple]] is located in [[Halebidu]] town in [[Hassan district|Hassan]] district of [[Karnataka]] state. It is about 30 km (19 ma) north-west of Hassan and about 16 km (9.9 ma) from Belur temple. The temple is reached by a 210 km (130 mi) long drive of about 4 hours on the [[National Highway 75 (India)|National Highway 75]] heading west from [[Kempegowda International Airport|Bangalore Airport]].<ref name=Subramanian/> The nearest city to both the temples of Hassan district is [[Hassan, Karnataka|Hassan]], which is connected to the major [[List of cities in Karnataka by population|cities of Karnataka]] by railway network.

The [[Chennakeshava Temple, Somanathapura|Keshav Temple]] is located at [[Somanathapura|Somnathpura]], 38 kilometers (24 mi) east of [[Mysore]] city, the headquarters of [[Mysore district|Mysore]] district.<ref>[http://ignca.nic.in/kts_about.htm Keshava Temple, Somnathpura, Karnataka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023021528/http://ignca.nic.in/kts_about.htm |date=23 October 2017 }}, Government of Karnataka, India</ref>

==History==
The Hoysala dynasty ruled large parts of present-day [[Karnataka]] between the 11th and 14th centuries. By the end of the 12th century, they had expanded the agrarian [[Economy of the Hoysala Empire|economic system]] of their kingdom and had also begun to establish taxation, revenue and [[Hoysala administration|administrative systems]], thus beginning the process of state formation. At the same time, the Hoysala kings made a concerted effort to establish a new and distinct identity for their kingdom through patronage of art, [[Hoysala architecture|architecture]] and [[Hoysala literature|literature]]. As a result, a new form of temple architecture developed, combining superior carving and superior decoration with innovative temple planning. This architectural style synthesized and combined architectural features prevalent in different parts of the country with original elements in innovative ways.<ref name="Nomination-Dossier">{{cite book |title=Nomination Dossier – Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas |publisher=Department of Archaeology, Museums and Heritage |pages=41–136}}</ref>

One of the Hoysala kings was [[Vishnuvardhana]], who came to power in 1110 AD. He commissioned the [[Chennakeshava Temple, Belur|Chennakeshava Temple]] dedicated to [[Vishnu]] in 1117 AD, it considered the "five foundations" of his legacy.<ref name="reason1">Foekema (1996), p. 47</ref><ref name="reason3">Kamath (2001), p. 124</ref> The main Chennakeshava Temple at [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]] was completed in 1117 AD, although the complex continued to expand for over 100 years. Ketamalla, an employee of King Vishnuvardhana, built the [[Hoysaleswara Temple]] in 1150 AD. It also mentions that the king granted land for the construction, operation and maintenance of the [[Shiva]] temple in 1121 AD. It is the largest temple built by the Hoysala kings dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva. The [[Chennakeshava Temple, Somanathapura|Keshav Temple]] at [[Somanathapura]] was completed in 1258 AD by King Somnath. He also built a fort wall around the land, but these are now in ruins. The Hoysala kings employed many famous [[architect]]s and craftsmen, who developed a new architectural tradition, which art historian Adam Hardy calls the ''Karnata Dravida'' tradition.

The temples became targets of plundered and destruction by the [[Delhi Sultanate]] army of [[Alauddin Khalji]] in the early 14th century<ref name="Dalal2002p195">{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=The Puffin History of India for Children, 3000 BC - AD 1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U2gRUVIF2joC |year=2002|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-333544-3|page=195}}</ref> and another Delhi Sultanate army of Sultan [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] in 1326 AD.<ref name="Rice2001p353">{{cite book|author=B. L. Rice|title=Gazetteer of Mysore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0wSoEIub1YC&pg=PA353|year=2001|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-0977-8|pages=353–354}}</ref>

According to a 15th-century inscription, the [[Chennakeshava Temple, Somanathapura|Keshav Temple]] was also badly damaged. It was repaired in the 16th century with financial support and grants from the emperors of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. Repairs are evidenced by the varying color and quality of stonework in the ''veranda'' and north tower and in parts of the platform of the main temple. The repaired temples was damaged in the 19th century, then rebuilt by the colonial-era [[Government of Mysore]] in the early 20th century.{{sfn|M.H. Krishna|1965|pp=18-19}}

==Temples==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Temples, religious affiliations and consecration years
|-
! Sequence
! Modern temple name
! Religion
! Deity
! Completed by<br>(CE)
! class="unsortable"| Image
|-
| 1
| [[Chennakeshava Temple, Belur|Chennakeshava Temple]]
| Hinduism
| Vishnu
| 1117
| [[File:Chennakeshava Temple at Belur.jpg|100px]]
|-
| 2
| [[Hoysaleswara Temple]]
| Hinduism
| [[Shiva]]
| 1160
| [[File:Halebeedu-main.jpg|100px]]
|-
| 3
| [[Chennakeshava Temple, Somanathapura|Keshava Temple]]
| Hinduism
| [[Vishnu]]
| 1258
| [[File:Chennakesava Temple-Somanathapura.jpg|100px]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

==External links==
* [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1670 Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas] - UNESCO

{{World Heritage Sites in India}}

[[Category:Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas| ]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in India]]

Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Creating a new article