Sachindra Nath Sanyal - Revision history

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	{{short description\|Indian revolutionary}}		{{short description\|Indian revolutionary (1890—1942)}}
	~~{{refimprove\|date=June 2014~~}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=September 2022}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=September ~~2016~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2022}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=June ~~2014~~}}
	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\|name=Sachindra Nath Sanyal		\| name = Sachindra Nath Sanyal
	\|image=~~Sachindra Nath~~ Sanyal.jpg		\| image = Freedom fighter Sachindranath Sanyal.jpg
	\|birth_date= ~~3 April~~ 1890		\| caption = Sanyal
	\|birth_place=[[Varanasi\|Benares]], [[Benares State]], [[~~British Raj\|~~British India]]		\| birth_date = {{birth date\|df=yes\|1890\|04\|03}}
	\|death_date= ~~7 February~~ 1942 ~~(aged 48)~~		\| birth_place = [[Varanasi\|Benares]], [[Benares State]], [[British India]]
	\|death_place=[[Gorakhpur]], [[United Provinces (1937–50)\|United Provinces]], [[~~British Raj\|~~British India]]		\| death_date = {{death date and age\|df=yes\|1942\|02\|07\|1890\|04\|03}}
	\|~~caption= Old vintage phototype sketch of Sanyal~~		\| death_place = [[Gorakhpur]], [[United Provinces (1937–50)\|United Provinces]], [[British India]]
	~~\|movement~~=[[~~Indian revolutionary movement~~]]		\| occupation = [[Revolutionary]]
	\|organization=Anushilan Samiti, Ghadar Party~~, Hindustan Republican Association~~, [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]],		\| organization = [[Anushilan Samiti]], [[Ghadar Party]], [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]]
	\|spouse=		\| notable_works = A Life of Captivity ''(Bandi Jeevan)''
			\| movement = [[Indian revolutionary movement]]
			\| criminal_penalty = [[Capital punishment]]
			\| criminal_status = Jailed
			\| spouse =
			\| website =
	}}		}}
			{{Anushilan Samiti}}

	~~{{Anushilan Samiti}}~~		'''Sachindra Nath Sanyal''' {{audio\|Sachindra nath.ogg\|pronunciation}} (3 April 1890 — 7 February 1942) was an [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence\|Indian revolutionary]] and co-founder of the [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association\|Hindustan Republican Army]] (HRA, which after 1928 became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association) that was created to carry out armed resistance against the [[British Empire in India]]. He was a mentor for revolutionaries like [[Chandra Shekhar Azad]], [[Jatindra Nath Das]], and [[Bhagat Singh]].
	'''Sachindra Nath Sanyal''' {{audio\|Sachindra nath.ogg\|pronunciation}} (3 April 1890 — 7 February 1942) was an [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence\|Indian revolutionary]] and a founder of the [[Hindustan Republican Association]] (HRA, which after 1928 became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association) that was created to carry out armed resistance against the [[British Empire in India]]. He was a mentor for revolutionaries like [[~~Chandrashekhar~~ Azad]] and [[Bhagat Singh]].

	==Early life==		==Early life==
	Sachindra Nath Sanyal's parents were [[Bengali Brahmins]].<ref name="govind">{{cite book \|title=Between Love and Freedom: The Revolutionary in the Hindi Novel \|first=Nikhil \|last=Govind \|edition=Revised \|publisher=Routledge \|year=2014 \|isbn=978-1-31755-976-4 \|page=54 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Hg9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> His father was Hari Nath Sanyal and his mother was Kherod Vasini Devi. He was born in [[Varanasi\|Benaras]], then in [[United Provinces of British India\|United Provinces]], on 3 April 1890 and married Pratibha Sanyal, with whom he had one son.{{citation needed\|date=September ~~2016~~}}		Sachindra Nath Sanyal's parents were [[Bengali Brahmins]].<ref name="govind">{{cite book \|title=Between Love and Freedom: The Revolutionary in the Hindi Novel \|first=Nikhil \|last=Govind \|edition=Revised \|publisher=Routledge \|year=2014 \|isbn=978-1-31755-976-4 \|page=54 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Hg9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> His father was Hari Nath Sanyal and his mother was Kherod Vasini Devi. He was born in [[Varanasi\|Benaras]], then in [[United Provinces of British India\|United Provinces]], on 3 April 1890 and married Pratibha Sanyal, with whom he had one son.{{citation needed\|date=September 2022}}

	==Revolutionary career==		==Revolutionary career==
	Sanyal founded a branch of the [[Anushilan Samiti]] in [[Patna]] in 1913.<ref name="alam">{{cite book \|title=Government and Politics in Colonial Bihar, 1921-1937 \|first=Jawaid \|last=Alam \|publisher=Mittal Publications \|year=2004 \|isbn=978-8-17099-979-9 \|page=43 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BSceVSL-3C8C&pg=PA43}}</ref> In 1912 Delhi Conspiracy Trial Sanyal with [[Rash Behari Bose\|Rashbehari Bose]] attacked the then [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst\|Viceroy Hardinge]] while he was making entry into new capital of Delhi after [[Bengal Partition\|~~anullment~~ of Bengal Partition]]. Hardinge was injured.		Sanyal founded a branch of the [[Anushilan Samiti]] in [[Patna]] in 1913.<ref name="alam">{{cite book \|title=Government and Politics in Colonial Bihar, 1921-1937 \|first=Jawaid \|last=Alam \|publisher=Mittal Publications \|year=2004 \|isbn=978-8-17099-979-9 \|page=43 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BSceVSL-3C8C&pg=PA43}}</ref> In 1912 Delhi Conspiracy Trial Sanyal with [[Rash Behari Bose\|Rashbehari Bose]] attacked the then [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst\|Viceroy Hardinge]] while he was making entry into new capital of Delhi after [[Bengal Partition\|annulment of Bengal Partition]]. Hardinge was injured And lady Hardinge died at the attack.

	He was extensively involved in the plans for the [[Ghadar conspiracy]], and went underground after it was exposed in February 1915.{{citation needed\|date=September ~~2016~~}} He was a close associate of [[Rash Behari Bose]].<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897-1938 \|first=Amit Kumar \|last=Gupta \|journal=Social Scientist \|volume=25 \|issue=9/10 \|date=Sep–Oct 1997 \|pages=3–27 \|doi=10.2307/3517678 \|jstor=3517678 }}</ref> After Bose escaped to Japan, Sanyal was considered the most senior leader of India's revolutionary movement.		He was extensively involved in the plans for the [[Ghadar conspiracy]], and went underground after it was exposed in February 1915.{{citation needed\|date=September 2022}} He was a close associate of [[Rash Behari Bose]].<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897-1938 \|first=Amit Kumar \|last=Gupta \|journal=Social Scientist \|volume=25 \|issue=9/10 \|date=Sep–Oct 1997 \|pages=3–27 \|doi=10.2307/3517678 \|jstor=3517678 }}</ref> After Bose escaped to Japan, Sanyal was considered the most senior leader of India's revolutionary movement.

	Sanyal was sentenced to life for his involvement in the conspiracy<ref name="alam"/> and was imprisoned at [[Cellular Jail]] in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], where he wrote his book titled ''Bandi Jeevan'' (''A Life of Captivity'', 1922).<ref name="govind"/><ref>{{cite book \|title=The Jail Notebook and Other Writings \|first1=Bhagat \|last1=Singh \|author-link1=Bhagat Singh \|first2=Bhupendra \|last2=Hooja \|author-link2=Bhupendra Hooja \|editor-first=Camana \|editor-last=Lāla \|edition=Reprinted \|publisher=LeftWord Books \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-8-18749-672-4 \|page=14 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC&pg=PA14}}</ref> He was briefly released from jail but when he continued to engage in anti-British activities, he was sent back and his ancestral family home in Benaras was confiscated.{{citation needed\|date=September ~~2016~~}}		Sanyal was sentenced to life - term imprisonment for his involvement in the conspiracy<ref name="alam"/> and was imprisoned at [[Cellular Jail]] in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], where he wrote his book titled ''Bandi Jeevan'' (''A Life of Captivity'', 1922).<ref name="govind"/><ref>{{cite book \|title=The Jail Notebook and Other Writings \|first1=Bhagat \|last1=Singh \|author-link1=Bhagat Singh \|first2=Bhupendra \|last2=Hooja \|author-link2=Bhupendra Hooja \|editor-first=Camana \|editor-last=Lāla \|edition=Reprinted \|publisher=LeftWord Books \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-8-18749-672-4 \|page=14 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC&pg=PA14}}</ref> He was briefly released from jail but when he continued to engage in anti-British activities, he was sent back and his ancestral family home in Benaras was confiscated.{{citation needed\|date=September 2022}}

	Following the end of the [[Non-cooperation movement]] in 1922,<ref name="govind"/> Sanyal, [[Ram Prasad Bismil]] and some other revolutionaries who wanted an independent India and were prepared to use force to achieve their goal, founded the Hindustan Republican Association in October 1924.<ref>{{cite book \|title=A Comprehensive History of India \|volume=3 \|first=P. N. \|last=Chopra \|publisher=Sterling Publishers \|year=2003 \|isbn=978-8-12072-506-5 \|page=245 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAON5AW4yUEC&pg=PA245}}</ref> He was the author of the HRA manifesto, titled ''The Revolutionary'', that was distributed in large cities of North India on 1 January 1925.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Violence, Narrative and Myth in Joyce and Yeats: Subjective Identity and Anarcho-Syndicalist Traditions \|first=Tudor \|last=Balinisteanu \|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan \|year=2012 \|isbn=978-0-23029-095-2 \|page=60 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FnkNyjxmk8wC&pg=PA60}}</ref>		Following the end of the [[Non-cooperation movement]] in 1922,<ref name="govind"/> Sanyal, [[Ram Prasad Bismil]] and some other revolutionaries who wanted an independent India and were prepared to use force to achieve their goal, founded the Hindustan Republican Association in October 1924.<ref>{{cite book \|title=A Comprehensive History of India \|volume=3 \|first=P. N. \|last=Chopra \|publisher=Sterling Publishers \|year=2003 \|isbn=978-8-12072-506-5 \|page=245 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAON5AW4yUEC&pg=PA245}}</ref> He was the author of the HRA manifesto, titled ''The Revolutionary'', that was distributed in large cities of North India on 1 January 1925.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Violence, Narrative and Myth in Joyce and Yeats: Subjective Identity and Anarcho-Syndicalist Traditions \|first=Tudor \|last=Balinisteanu \|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan \|year=2012 \|isbn=978-0-23029-095-2 \|page=60 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FnkNyjxmk8wC&pg=PA60}}</ref>

	Sanyal was jailed for his involvement in the [[Kakori conspiracy]] but was among those conspirators released from [[Naini Central Prison]] in August 1937.<ref>{{cite book \|title=From Movement To Government: The Congress in the United Provinces, 1937-42 \|first=Visalakshi \|last=Menon \|publisher=SAGE Publications India \|year=2003 \|isbn=978-8-13210-368-4 \|pages=82, 135 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U82GAwAAQBAJ}}</ref> Thus, Sanyal has the unique distinction of having been sent to the Cellular Jail in [[Port Blair]] twice.{{citation needed\|date=September ~~2016~~}} He contracted [[tuberculosis]] in jail and was sent to [[Gorakhpur]] Jail for his final months. He died on 7 February 1942.		Sanyal was jailed for his involvement in the [[Kakori conspiracy]] but was among those conspirators released from [[Naini Central Prison]] in August 1937.<ref>{{cite book \|title=From Movement To Government: The Congress in the United Provinces, 1937-42 \|first=Visalakshi \|last=Menon \|publisher=SAGE Publications India \|year=2003 \|isbn=978-8-13210-368-4 \|pages=82, 135 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U82GAwAAQBAJ}}</ref> Thus, Sanyal has the unique distinction of having been sent to the Cellular Jail in [[Port Blair]] twice.{{citation needed\|date=September 2022}} He contracted [[tuberculosis]] in jail and was sent to [[Gorakhpur]] Jail for his final months. He died on 7 February 1942.

	==Beliefs==		==Beliefs==
	Sanyal and [[Mahatma Gandhi]] engaged in a famous debate published in ''[[Young India]]'' between 1920 and 1924. Sanyal argued against Gandhi's gradualist approach.{{citation needed\|date=September ~~2016~~}}		Sanyal and [[Mahatma Gandhi]] engaged in a famous debate published in ''[[Young India]]'' between 1920 and 1924. Sanyal argued against Gandhi's gradualist approach.{{citation needed\|date=September 2022}}

	Sanyal was known for his firm Hindu beliefs, although most of his followers were [[Marxism\|Marxists]] and thus opposed to religions. Bhagat Singh discusses Sanyal's beliefs in his tract ''[[Why I am an Atheist]]''. [[Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee]] was a close associate of Sanyal.{{citation needed\|date=January ~~2013~~}} He was also supplied with guns by [[Maulana Shaukat Ali]], who was at that time a supporter of Congress and its non-violent methods but not with the same fervor for non-violence that was expressed by his organization's leader, Gandhi. Another prominent Congressman, Krishna Kant Malaviya, also supplied him with weapons.<ref>{{cite journal \|title=The Congress and the Revolutionaries in the 1920s \|first1=S. K. \|last1=Mittal \|first2=Irfan \|last2=Habib \|journal=Social Scientist \|volume=10 \|issue=6 \|date=June 1982 \|pages=20–37 \|jstor=3517065\|doi=10.2307/3517065 }} {{subscription required}}</ref>		Sanyal was known for his firm Hindu beliefs, although most of his followers were [[Marxism\|Marxists]] and thus opposed to religions. Bhagat Singh discusses Sanyal's beliefs in his tract ''[[Why I am an Atheist]]''. [[Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee]] was a close associate of Sanyal.{{citation needed\|date=January 2022}} He was also supplied with guns by [[Maulana Shaukat Ali]], who was at that time a supporter of Congress and its non-violent methods but not with the same fervor for non-violence that was expressed by his organization's leader, Gandhi. Another prominent Congressman, Krishna Kant Malaviya, also supplied him with weapons.<ref>{{cite journal \|title=The Congress and the Revolutionaries in the 1920s \|first1=S. K. \|last1=Mittal \|first2=Irfan \|last2=Habib \|journal=Social Scientist \|volume=10 \|issue=6 \|date=June 1982 \|pages=20–37 \|jstor=3517065\|doi=10.2307/3517065 }} {{subscription required}}</ref>

	==Death==		==Death==
	Sanyal participated in ~~Anti~~-British programs, which resulted in a second prison term and government seizure of his Varanasi property. He died while serving his second term in prison on 7 February 1942.		Sanyal participated in anti-British programs, which resulted in a second [[prison]] term and government [[seizure]] of his [[Varanasi\|Benares]] [[property]]. He died of [[tuberculosis]] while serving his second term in prison on 7 February 1942.

	==References==		==References==

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← Older revision		Revision as of 04:47, 26 December 2021
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	\|name=Sachindra Nath Sanyal		\|name=Sachindra Nath Sanyal
	\|image=Sachindra Nath Sanyal.jpg		\|image=Sachindra Nath Sanyal.jpg
	\|birth_date= 3 April ~~1893~~		\|birth_date= 3 April 1890
	\|birth_place=[[Varanasi\|~~Benaras~~]], [[~~United Provinces of British India\|United Provinces~~]], [[British Raj\|British India]]		\|birth_place=[[Varanasi\|Benares]], [[Benares State]], [[British Raj\|British India]]
	\|death_date= 7 February 1942 (aged 48)		\|death_date= 7 February 1942 (aged 48)
	\|death_place=[[Gorakhpur~~\|Gorakhpur Jail~~]], [[United Provinces (1937–50)\|United Provinces]], [[British Raj\|British India]]		\|death_place=[[Gorakhpur]], [[United Provinces (1937–50)\|United Provinces]], [[British Raj\|British India]]
	\|caption= Old vintage phototype sketch of Sanyal		\|caption= Old vintage phototype sketch of Sanyal
	\|movement=[[Indian revolutionary movement]]		\|movement=[[Indian revolutionary movement]]
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	{{Anushilan Samiti}}		{{Anushilan Samiti}}
	'''Sachindra Nath Sanyal''' {{audio\|Sachindra nath.ogg\|pronunciation}} (3 April ~~1893~~ — 7 February 1942) was an [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence\|Indian revolutionary]] and a founder of the [[Hindustan Republican Association]] (HRA, which after 1928 became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association) that was created to carry out armed resistance against the [[British Empire in India]]. He was a mentor for revolutionaries like [[Chandrashekhar Azad]] and [[Bhagat Singh]].		'''Sachindra Nath Sanyal''' {{audio\|Sachindra nath.ogg\|pronunciation}} (3 April 1890 — 7 February 1942) was an [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence\|Indian revolutionary]] and a founder of the [[Hindustan Republican Association]] (HRA, which after 1928 became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association) that was created to carry out armed resistance against the [[British Empire in India]]. He was a mentor for revolutionaries like [[Chandrashekhar Azad]] and [[Bhagat Singh]].

	==Early life==		==Early life==
	Sachindra Nath Sanyal's parents were [[Bengali Brahmins]].<ref name="govind">{{cite book \|title=Between Love and Freedom: The Revolutionary in the Hindi Novel \|first=Nikhil \|last=Govind \|edition=Revised \|publisher=Routledge \|year=2014 \|isbn=978-1-31755-976-4 \|page=54 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Hg9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> His father was Hari Nath Sanyal and his mother was Kherod Vasini Devi. He was born in [[Varanasi\|Benaras]], then in [[United Provinces of British India\|United Provinces]], on 3 April ~~1893~~ and married Pratibha Sanyal, with whom he had one son.{{citation needed\|date=September 2016}}		Sachindra Nath Sanyal's parents were [[Bengali Brahmins]].<ref name="govind">{{cite book \|title=Between Love and Freedom: The Revolutionary in the Hindi Novel \|first=Nikhil \|last=Govind \|edition=Revised \|publisher=Routledge \|year=2014 \|isbn=978-1-31755-976-4 \|page=54 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Hg9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> His father was Hari Nath Sanyal and his mother was Kherod Vasini Devi. He was born in [[Varanasi\|Benaras]], then in [[United Provinces of British India\|United Provinces]], on 3 April 1890 and married Pratibha Sanyal, with whom he had one son.{{citation needed\|date=September 2016}}

	==Revolutionary career==		==Revolutionary career==
	Sanyal founded a branch of the [[Anushilan Samiti]] in [[Patna]] in 1913.<ref name="alam">{{cite book \|title=Government and Politics in Colonial Bihar, 1921-1937 \|first=Jawaid \|last=Alam \|publisher=Mittal Publications \|year=2004 \|isbn=978-8-17099-979-9 \|page=43 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BSceVSL-3C8C&~~lpg~~=PA43}}</ref> ~~He was extensively involved in the plans for the~~ [[~~Ghadar conspiracy~~]], ~~and went underground after it was exposed in February 1915.{{citation needed~~\|~~date=September 2016}} He~~ was ~~a close associate~~ of [[~~Rash Behari Bose~~]].<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897-1938 \|first=Amit Kumar \|last=Gupta \|journal=Social Scientist \|volume=25 \|issue=9/10 \|date=Sep–Oct 1997 \|pages=3–27 \|doi=10.2307/3517678 \|jstor=3517678 }}</ref> After Bose escaped to Japan, Sanyal was ~~considered the most senior leader of India's revolutionary movement~~.		Sanyal founded a branch of the [[Anushilan Samiti]] in [[Patna]] in 1913.<ref name="alam">{{cite book \|title=Government and Politics in Colonial Bihar, 1921-1937 \|first=Jawaid \|last=Alam \|publisher=Mittal Publications \|year=2004 \|isbn=978-8-17099-979-9 \|page=43 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BSceVSL-3C8C&pg=PA43}}</ref> In 1912 Delhi Conspiracy Trial Sanyal with [[Rash Behari Bose\|Rashbehari Bose]] attacked the then [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst\|Viceroy Hardinge]] while he was making entry into new capital of Delhi after [[Bengal Partition\|anullment of Bengal Partition]]. Hardinge was injured.

	Sanyal was sentenced to life for his involvement in the conspiracy<ref name="alam"/> and was imprisoned at [[Cellular Jail]] in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], where he wrote his book titled ''Bandi Jeevan'' (''A Life of Captivity'', 1922).<ref name="govind"/><ref>{{cite book \|title=The Jail Notebook and Other Writings \|first1=Bhagat \|last1=Singh \|author-link1=Bhagat Singh \|first2=Bhupendra \|last2=Hooja \|author-link2=Bhupendra Hooja \|editor-first=Camana \|editor-last=Lāla \|edition=Reprinted \|publisher=LeftWord Books \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-8-18749-672-4 \|page=14 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC&~~lpg~~=PA14}}</ref> He was briefly released from jail but when he continued to engage in anti-British activities, he was sent back and his ancestral family home in Benaras was confiscated.{{citation needed\|date=September 2016}}		He was extensively involved in the plans for the [[Ghadar conspiracy]], and went underground after it was exposed in February 1915.{{citation needed\|date=September 2016}} He was a close associate of [[Rash Behari Bose]].<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897-1938 \|first=Amit Kumar \|last=Gupta \|journal=Social Scientist \|volume=25 \|issue=9/10 \|date=Sep–Oct 1997 \|pages=3–27 \|doi=10.2307/3517678 \|jstor=3517678 }}</ref> After Bose escaped to Japan, Sanyal was considered the most senior leader of India's revolutionary movement.

			Sanyal was sentenced to life for his involvement in the conspiracy<ref name="alam"/> and was imprisoned at [[Cellular Jail]] in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], where he wrote his book titled ''Bandi Jeevan'' (''A Life of Captivity'', 1922).<ref name="govind"/><ref>{{cite book \|title=The Jail Notebook and Other Writings \|first1=Bhagat \|last1=Singh \|author-link1=Bhagat Singh \|first2=Bhupendra \|last2=Hooja \|author-link2=Bhupendra Hooja \|editor-first=Camana \|editor-last=Lāla \|edition=Reprinted \|publisher=LeftWord Books \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-8-18749-672-4 \|page=14 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC&pg=PA14}}</ref> He was briefly released from jail but when he continued to engage in anti-British activities, he was sent back and his ancestral family home in Benaras was confiscated.{{citation needed\|date=September 2016}}

	Following the end of the [[Non-cooperation movement]] in 1922,<ref name="govind"/> Sanyal, [[Ram Prasad Bismil]] and some other revolutionaries who wanted an independent India and were prepared to use force to achieve their goal, founded the Hindustan Republican Association in October 1924.<ref>{{cite book \|title=A Comprehensive History of India \|volume=3 \|first=P. N. \|last=Chopra \|publisher=Sterling Publishers \|year=2003 \|isbn=978-8-12072-506-5 \|page=245 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAON5AW4yUEC&pg=PA245}}</ref> He was the author of the HRA manifesto, titled ''The Revolutionary'', that was distributed in large cities of North India on 1 January 1925.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Violence, Narrative and Myth in Joyce and Yeats: Subjective Identity and Anarcho-Syndicalist Traditions \|first=Tudor \|last=Balinisteanu \|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan \|year=2012 \|isbn=978-0-23029-095-2 \|page=60 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FnkNyjxmk8wC&pg=PA60}}</ref>		Following the end of the [[Non-cooperation movement]] in 1922,<ref name="govind"/> Sanyal, [[Ram Prasad Bismil]] and some other revolutionaries who wanted an independent India and were prepared to use force to achieve their goal, founded the Hindustan Republican Association in October 1924.<ref>{{cite book \|title=A Comprehensive History of India \|volume=3 \|first=P. N. \|last=Chopra \|publisher=Sterling Publishers \|year=2003 \|isbn=978-8-12072-506-5 \|page=245 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAON5AW4yUEC&pg=PA245}}</ref> He was the author of the HRA manifesto, titled ''The Revolutionary'', that was distributed in large cities of North India on 1 January 1925.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Violence, Narrative and Myth in Joyce and Yeats: Subjective Identity and Anarcho-Syndicalist Traditions \|first=Tudor \|last=Balinisteanu \|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan \|year=2012 \|isbn=978-0-23029-095-2 \|page=60 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FnkNyjxmk8wC&pg=PA60}}</ref>

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{{short description|Indian revolutionary}}
{{refimprove|date=June 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox person
|name=Sachindra Nath Sanyal
|image=Sachindra Nath Sanyal.jpg
|birth_date= 3 April 1893
|birth_place=[[Varanasi|Benaras]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]]
|death_date= 7 February 1942 (aged 48)
|death_place=[[Gorakhpur|Gorakhpur Jail]], [[United Provinces (1937–50)|United Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]]
|caption= Old vintage phototype sketch of Sanyal
|movement=[[Indian revolutionary movement]]
|organization=Anushilan Samiti, Ghadar Party, Hindustan Republican Association, [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]],
|spouse=
}}

{{Anushilan Samiti}}
'''Sachindra Nath Sanyal''' {{audio|Sachindra nath.ogg|pronunciation}} (3 April 1893 — 7 February 1942) was an [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence|Indian revolutionary]] and a founder of the [[Hindustan Republican Association]] (HRA, which after 1928 became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association) that was created to carry out armed resistance against the [[British Empire in India]]. He was a mentor for revolutionaries like [[Chandrashekhar Azad]] and [[Bhagat Singh]].

==Early life==
Sachindra Nath Sanyal's parents were [[Bengali Brahmins]].<ref name="govind">{{cite book |title=Between Love and Freedom: The Revolutionary in the Hindi Novel |first=Nikhil |last=Govind |edition=Revised |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-31755-976-4 |page=54 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Hg9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> His father was Hari Nath Sanyal and his mother was Kherod Vasini Devi. He was born in [[Varanasi|Benaras]], then in [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], on 3 April 1893 and married Pratibha Sanyal, with whom he had one son.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}}

==Revolutionary career==
Sanyal founded a branch of the [[Anushilan Samiti]] in [[Patna]] in 1913.<ref name="alam">{{cite book |title=Government and Politics in Colonial Bihar, 1921-1937 |first=Jawaid |last=Alam |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2004 |isbn=978-8-17099-979-9 |page=43 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BSceVSL-3C8C&lpg=PA43}}</ref> He was extensively involved in the plans for the [[Ghadar conspiracy]], and went underground after it was exposed in February 1915.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} He was a close associate of [[Rash Behari Bose]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897-1938 |first=Amit Kumar |last=Gupta |journal=Social Scientist |volume=25 |issue=9/10 |date=Sep–Oct 1997 |pages=3–27 |doi=10.2307/3517678 |jstor=3517678 }}</ref> After Bose escaped to Japan, Sanyal was considered the most senior leader of India's revolutionary movement.

Sanyal was sentenced to life for his involvement in the conspiracy<ref name="alam"/> and was imprisoned at [[Cellular Jail]] in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], where he wrote his book titled ''Bandi Jeevan'' (''A Life of Captivity'', 1922).<ref name="govind"/><ref>{{cite book |title=The Jail Notebook and Other Writings |first1=Bhagat |last1=Singh |author-link1=Bhagat Singh |first2=Bhupendra |last2=Hooja |author-link2=Bhupendra Hooja |editor-first=Camana |editor-last=Lāla |edition=Reprinted |publisher=LeftWord Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-8-18749-672-4 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC&lpg=PA14}}</ref> He was briefly released from jail but when he continued to engage in anti-British activities, he was sent back and his ancestral family home in Benaras was confiscated.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}}

Following the end of the [[Non-cooperation movement]] in 1922,<ref name="govind"/> Sanyal, [[Ram Prasad Bismil]] and some other revolutionaries who wanted an independent India and were prepared to use force to achieve their goal, founded the Hindustan Republican Association in October 1924.<ref>{{cite book |title=A Comprehensive History of India |volume=3 |first=P. N. |last=Chopra |publisher=Sterling Publishers |year=2003 |isbn=978-8-12072-506-5 |page=245 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAON5AW4yUEC&pg=PA245}}</ref> He was the author of the HRA manifesto, titled ''The Revolutionary'', that was distributed in large cities of North India on 1 January 1925.<ref>{{cite book |title=Violence, Narrative and Myth in Joyce and Yeats: Subjective Identity and Anarcho-Syndicalist Traditions |first=Tudor |last=Balinisteanu |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-23029-095-2 |page=60 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FnkNyjxmk8wC&pg=PA60}}</ref>

Sanyal was jailed for his involvement in the [[Kakori conspiracy]] but was among those conspirators released from [[Naini Central Prison]] in August 1937.<ref>{{cite book |title=From Movement To Government: The Congress in the United Provinces, 1937-42 |first=Visalakshi |last=Menon |publisher=SAGE Publications India |year=2003 |isbn=978-8-13210-368-4 |pages=82, 135 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U82GAwAAQBAJ}}</ref> Thus, Sanyal has the unique distinction of having been sent to the Cellular Jail in [[Port Blair]] twice.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} He contracted [[tuberculosis]] in jail and was sent to [[Gorakhpur]] Jail for his final months. He died on 7 February 1942.

==Beliefs==
Sanyal and [[Mahatma Gandhi]] engaged in a famous debate published in ''[[Young India]]'' between 1920 and 1924. Sanyal argued against Gandhi's gradualist approach.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}}

Sanyal was known for his firm Hindu beliefs, although most of his followers were [[Marxism|Marxists]] and thus opposed to religions. Bhagat Singh discusses Sanyal's beliefs in his tract ''[[Why I am an Atheist]]''. [[Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee]] was a close associate of Sanyal.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}} He was also supplied with guns by [[Maulana Shaukat Ali]], who was at that time a supporter of Congress and its non-violent methods but not with the same fervor for non-violence that was expressed by his organization's leader, Gandhi. Another prominent Congressman, Krishna Kant Malaviya, also supplied him with weapons.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Congress and the Revolutionaries in the 1920s |first1=S. K. |last1=Mittal |first2=Irfan |last2=Habib |journal=Social Scientist |volume=10 |issue=6 |date=June 1982 |pages=20–37 |jstor=3517065|doi=10.2307/3517065 }} {{subscription required}}</ref>

==Death==
Sanyal participated in Anti-British programs, which resulted in a second prison term and government seizure of his Varanasi property. He died while serving his second term in prison on 7 February 1942.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://varanasi.nic.in/history/shahid.html#Freedom%20fighters%20of%20Varanasi Shaheed from Varanasi]

{{Ghadar Conspiracy}}
{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sanyal, Sachindra Nath}}
[[Category:1893 births]]
[[Category:1942 deaths]]
[[Category:Anushilan Samiti]]
[[Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy]]
[[Category:Revolutionaries from Varanasi]]
[[Category:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]]
[[Category:Indian people imprisoned on charges of terrorism]]