SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant - Revision history

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2023-08-14T15:46:04Z

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	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal\|COVID-19\|Medicine\|Viruses}}~~
	* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2]]: [[SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant\|Alpha]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant\|Beta]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant\|Gamma]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant\|Delta]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant\|Epsilon]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant\|Zeta]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant\|Eta]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant\|Theta]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant\|Iota]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant\|Lambda]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant\|Mu]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant\|Omicron]]		* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2]]: [[SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant\|Alpha]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant\|Beta]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant\|Gamma]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant\|Delta]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant\|Epsilon]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant\|Zeta]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant\|Eta]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant\|Theta]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant\|Iota]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant\|Lambda]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant\|Mu]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant\|Omicron]]

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CleanupBot: /* Mutations */clean up

2022-01-04T06:01:46Z

Mutations: clean up

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:31, 4 January 2022
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	* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2#L452R\|L452R]]. The substitution at position 452, a leucine-to-arginine substitution. This exchange confers stronger affinity of the spike protein for the ACE2 receptor along with decreased recognition capability of the immune system.<ref name=SGDB>{{cite journal \|last1=Starr \|first1=Tyler N. \|last2=Greaney \|first2=Allison J. \|last3=Dingens \|first3=Adam S. \|last4=Bloom \|first4=Jesse D. \|title=Complete map of SARS-CoV-2 RBD mutations that escape the monoclonal antibody LY-CoV555 and its cocktail with LY-CoV016 \|journal=Cell Reports Medicine \|date=April 2021 \|volume=2 \|issue=4 \|pages=100255 \|doi=10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100255 \|pmid=33842902 \|pmc=8020059 \|doi-access=free \|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=ZDCSPV>{{cite journal \|last1=Zhang \|first1=Wenjuan \|last2=Davis \|first2=Brian D. \|last3=Chen \|first3=Stephanie S. \|last4=Sincuir Martinez \|first4=Jorge M. \|last5=Plummer \|first5=Jasmine T. \|last6=Vail \|first6=Eric \|title=Emergence of a Novel SARS-CoV-2 Variant in Southern California \|journal=JAMA \|date=6 April 2021 \|volume=325 \|issue=13 \|pages=1324–1326 \|doi=10.1001/jama.2021.1612\|pmid=33571356 \|pmc=7879386 \|doi-access=free }}</ref>		* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2#L452R\|L452R]]. The substitution at position 452, a leucine-to-arginine substitution. This exchange confers stronger affinity of the spike protein for the ACE2 receptor along with decreased recognition capability of the immune system.<ref name=SGDB>{{cite journal \|last1=Starr \|first1=Tyler N. \|last2=Greaney \|first2=Allison J. \|last3=Dingens \|first3=Adam S. \|last4=Bloom \|first4=Jesse D. \|title=Complete map of SARS-CoV-2 RBD mutations that escape the monoclonal antibody LY-CoV555 and its cocktail with LY-CoV016 \|journal=Cell Reports Medicine \|date=April 2021 \|volume=2 \|issue=4 \|pages=100255 \|doi=10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100255 \|pmid=33842902 \|pmc=8020059 \|doi-access=free \|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=ZDCSPV>{{cite journal \|last1=Zhang \|first1=Wenjuan \|last2=Davis \|first2=Brian D. \|last3=Chen \|first3=Stephanie S. \|last4=Sincuir Martinez \|first4=Jorge M. \|last5=Plummer \|first5=Jasmine T. \|last6=Vail \|first6=Eric \|title=Emergence of a Novel SARS-CoV-2 Variant in Southern California \|journal=JAMA \|date=6 April 2021 \|volume=325 \|issue=13 \|pages=1324–1326 \|doi=10.1001/jama.2021.1612\|pmid=33571356 \|pmc=7879386 \|doi-access=free }}</ref>
	* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2#E484Q\|E484Q]]. The substitution at position 484, a glutamic acid-to-glutamine substitution. This alteration confers the variant stronger binding potential to [[hACE2\|Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2]], as well as better ability to evade hosts' immune systems.<ref name=Haseltine/><ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Harvey \|first1=WT \|last2=Carabelli \|first2=AM \|last3=Jackson \|first3=B \|last4=Gupta \|first4=RK \|last5=Thomson \|first5=EC \|last6=Harrison \|first6=EM \|last7=Ludden \|first7=C \|last8=Reeve \|first8=R \|last9=Rambaut \|first9=A \|last10=Peacock \|first10=SJ \|last11=Robertson \|first11=DL \|display-authors=6 \|title=SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike mutations and immune escape \|url= \|journal=Nat Rev Microbiol \|year=2021 \|volume= 19\|issue= 7\|pages= 409–424\|doi=10.1038/s41579-021-00573-0 \|pmid=34075212 \|pmc=8167834 \|quote=''For example, recently detected viruses of lineage B.1.617.1 were anticipated to show altered antigenicity due to the presence of the substitutions L452R and E484Q, which have been described as affecting antibody recognition.''}}</ref>		* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2#E484Q\|E484Q]]. The substitution at position 484, a glutamic acid-to-glutamine substitution. This alteration confers the variant stronger binding potential to [[hACE2\|Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2]], as well as better ability to evade hosts' immune systems.<ref name=Haseltine/><ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Harvey \|first1=WT \|last2=Carabelli \|first2=AM \|last3=Jackson \|first3=B \|last4=Gupta \|first4=RK \|last5=Thomson \|first5=EC \|last6=Harrison \|first6=EM \|last7=Ludden \|first7=C \|last8=Reeve \|first8=R \|last9=Rambaut \|first9=A \|last10=Peacock \|first10=SJ \|last11=Robertson \|first11=DL \|display-authors=6 \|title=SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike mutations and immune escape \|url= \|journal=Nat Rev Microbiol \|year=2021 \|volume= 19\|issue= 7\|pages= 409–424\|doi=10.1038/s41579-021-00573-0 \|pmid=34075212 \|pmc=8167834 \|quote=''For example, recently detected viruses of lineage B.1.617.1 were anticipated to show altered antigenicity due to the presence of the substitutions L452R and E484Q, which have been described as affecting antibody recognition.''}}</ref>
	* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2#P681R\|P681R]]. The substitution at position 681, a proline-to-arginine substitution.<ref name="CDC Variants">{{cite web \|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/variant-surveillance/variant-info.html \|title=SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions \|website=cdc.org \|date=11 February 2020 \|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]\|access-date=2021-06-07}}</ref><ref name=Haseltine>{{cite news \|last1=Haseltine \|first1=William \|title=An Indian SARS-CoV-2 Variant Lands In California. More Danger Ahead? \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/williamhaseltine/2021/04/12/an-indian-sars-cov-2-variant-lands-in-california-more-danger-ahead/?sh=1ff3056b3b29 \|access-date=2021-06-07 \|work=Forbes \|language=en}}</ref>		* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2#P681R\|P681R]]. The substitution at position 681, a proline-to-arginine substitution.<ref name=Haseltine>{{cite news \|last1=Haseltine \|first1=William \|title=An Indian SARS-CoV-2 Variant Lands In California. More Danger Ahead? \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/williamhaseltine/2021/04/12/an-indian-sars-cov-2-variant-lands-in-california-more-danger-ahead/?sh=1ff3056b3b29 \|access-date=2021-06-07 \|work=Forbes \|language=en}}</ref><ref name="CDC Variants">{{cite web \|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/variant-surveillance/variant-info.html \|title=SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions \|website=cdc.org \|date=11 February 2020 \|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]\|access-date=2021-06-07}}</ref>

	The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) also list a fourth spike mutation of interest:<ref>{{Cite web\|title=SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern as of 3 June 2021\|date=3 June 2021\|url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/variants-concern\|access-date=2021-06-08\|website=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control }}</ref>		The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) also list a fourth spike mutation of interest:<ref>{{Cite web\|title=SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern as of 3 June 2021\|date=3 June 2021\|url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/variants-concern\|access-date=2021-06-08\|website=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control }}</ref>

imported>SpookiePuppy: /* Mutations */ L452R: Adding internal Wikilink piped to Variants of SARS-CoV-2#L452R.

2021-08-31T23:57:31Z

Mutations: L452R: Adding internal Wikilink piped to Variants of SARS-CoV-2#L452R.

New page

{{Short description|COVID-19 virus variant}}
{{For|lineage B.1.617.2|SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{COVID-19 pandemic sidebar|expanded=}}

'''Kappa variant'''<ref name=WHO1>{{Cite web|title=Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants|url=https://www.who.int/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants|access-date=2021-06-05|website=www.who.int|language=en|date=2021-05-31}}</ref> is a [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2|variant]] of [[SARS-CoV-2]], the [[virus]] that causes [[COVID-19]]. It is one of the three sublineages of Pango [[SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617|lineage B.1.617]]. The SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant is also known as '''lineage B.1.617.1''' and was first detected in India in December 2020.<ref name="WHO 27April">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20210427_weekly_epi_update_37.pdf?sfvrsn=a1ab459c_9&download=true|title=Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 - 27 April 2021|date=27 April 2021 |website=World Health Organization|access-date=2021-06-06}}</ref> By the end of March 2021, the Kappa sub-variant accounted for more than half of the sequences being submitted from India.<ref>{{cite news |last=Le Page |first=Michael |date=4 June 2021 |title=Indian covid-19 variant (B.1.617) |url=https://www.newscientist.com/definition/indian-covid-19-variant-b-1-617/ |work=[[New Scientist]] |access-date=2021-06-08}}</ref> On 1 April 2021, it was designated a Variant Under Investigation ('''VUI-21APR-01''') by Public Health England.<ref>{{cite report |author= |title=SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England - Technical briefing 10 |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/984274/Variants_of_Concern_VOC_Technical_Briefing_10_England.pdf |location=London |agency=[[Public Health England]] |date=7 May 2021 |access-date=2021-06-05 |quote=''A variant first detected in India was designated under investigation on 1 April 2021 as VUI-21APR-01 (B.1.617.1).''|language=en}} {{OGL-attribution|version=3.0}}</ref>

==Mutations==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="400px">
File:SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant.svg|Amino acid mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant plotted on a genome map of SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on the spike.<ref name="Stanford1">{{cite web |url=https://covdb.stanford.edu/page/mutation-viewer/#sec_kappa |title=Spike Variants: Kappa variant, aka B.1.617.1 |date=1 July 2021 |website=covdb.stanford.edu |publisher=[[Stanford University]] Coronavirus Antiviral & Resistance Database |access-date=2021-07-03}}</ref>
</gallery>

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible autocollapse" align="right" style="text-align: center;"
|+ {{nowrap|Defining mutations in<br />SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant{{Break}} }}
! [[Gene]]
! [[Nucleotide]]<ref name="PHE9" />
! [[Amino acid]]<ref name="PHE9" /><ref name="Nextstrain1" />
|-
!rowspan="10"| [[Open reading frame|ORF1ab]]
| C3457T || -
|-
| C4957T || T1567I
|-
| A11201G || T3646A
|-
| G17523T || M5753I
|-
| A20396G || K6711R
|-
| || P314L
|-
| || G1129C
|-
| || M1352I
|-
| || K2310R
|-
| || S2312A
|-
!rowspan="7"| [[coronavirus spike protein|Spike]]
| T21895C || -
|-
| T21895C || E154K
|-
| T22917G || L452R
|-
| G23012C || E484Q
|-
| || D614G
|-
| C23604G || P681R
|-
| || Q1071H
|-
!rowspan="2"| [[coronavirus nucleocapsid protein|N]]
| G28881T || R203M
|-
| || D377Y
|-
!rowspan="1"| [[coronavirus membrane protein|M]]
| || I82S
|-
!rowspan="1"| orf3a
| C25469T || S26L
|-
!rowspan="2"| orf1a
| || T1567I
|-
| || T3646A
|-
!rowspan="1"| orf7a
| T27638C || V82A
|- style="text-align:left;" class="sortbottom"
| colspan="3" | Source: covariants.org<ref name="Nextstrain1">{{cite web |url=https://covariants.org/variants/21A.S.154K |title=Dedicated 21A/S:154K Nextstrain build |date=8 June 2021 |website=covariants.org |access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref> and [[Public Health England|PHE]] Technical Briefing 9<ref name="PHE9" />
|}
The Kappa variant has three notable alterations in the amino-acid sequences, all of which are in the virus's [[coronavirus spike protein|spike protein]] code.<ref name="Stanford1" />

The three notable substitutions are: L452R, E484Q, P681R<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Nuki|first1=Paul|last2=Newey|first2=Sarah|date=2021-04-16|title=Arrival of India's 'double mutation' adds to variant woes, but threat posed remains unclear|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/arrival-indias-double-mutation-adds-variant-woes-threat-posed/|access-date=2021-06-07|issn=0307-1235}}</ref>

* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2#L452R|L452R]]. The substitution at position 452, a leucine-to-arginine substitution. This exchange confers stronger affinity of the spike protein for the ACE2 receptor along with decreased recognition capability of the immune system.<ref name=SGDB>{{cite journal |last1=Starr |first1=Tyler N. |last2=Greaney |first2=Allison J. |last3=Dingens |first3=Adam S. |last4=Bloom |first4=Jesse D. |title=Complete map of SARS-CoV-2 RBD mutations that escape the monoclonal antibody LY-CoV555 and its cocktail with LY-CoV016 |journal=Cell Reports Medicine |date=April 2021 |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=100255 |doi=10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100255 |pmid=33842902 |pmc=8020059 |doi-access=free |access-date=}}</ref><ref name=ZDCSPV>{{cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Wenjuan |last2=Davis |first2=Brian D. |last3=Chen |first3=Stephanie S. |last4=Sincuir Martinez |first4=Jorge M. |last5=Plummer |first5=Jasmine T. |last6=Vail |first6=Eric |title=Emergence of a Novel SARS-CoV-2 Variant in Southern California |journal=JAMA |date=6 April 2021 |volume=325 |issue=13 |pages=1324–1326 |doi=10.1001/jama.2021.1612|pmid=33571356 |pmc=7879386 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2#E484Q|E484Q]]. The substitution at position 484, a glutamic acid-to-glutamine substitution. This alteration confers the variant stronger binding potential to [[hACE2|Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2]], as well as better ability to evade hosts' immune systems.<ref name=Haseltine/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Harvey |first1=WT |last2=Carabelli |first2=AM |last3=Jackson |first3=B |last4=Gupta |first4=RK |last5=Thomson |first5=EC |last6=Harrison |first6=EM |last7=Ludden |first7=C |last8=Reeve |first8=R |last9=Rambaut |first9=A |last10=Peacock |first10=SJ |last11=Robertson |first11=DL |display-authors=6 |title=SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike mutations and immune escape |url= |journal=Nat Rev Microbiol |year=2021 |volume= 19|issue= 7|pages= 409–424|doi=10.1038/s41579-021-00573-0 |pmid=34075212 |pmc=8167834 |quote=''For example, recently detected viruses of lineage B.1.617.1 were anticipated to show altered antigenicity due to the presence of the substitutions L452R and E484Q, which have been described as affecting antibody recognition.''}}</ref>
* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2#P681R|P681R]]. The substitution at position 681, a proline-to-arginine substitution.<ref name="CDC Variants">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/variant-surveillance/variant-info.html |title=SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions |website=cdc.org |date=11 February 2020 |publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|access-date=2021-06-07}}</ref><ref name=Haseltine>{{cite news |last1=Haseltine |first1=William |title=An Indian SARS-CoV-2 Variant Lands In California. More Danger Ahead? |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/williamhaseltine/2021/04/12/an-indian-sars-cov-2-variant-lands-in-california-more-danger-ahead/?sh=1ff3056b3b29 |access-date=2021-06-07 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) also list a fourth spike mutation of interest:<ref>{{Cite web|title=SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern as of 3 June 2021|date=3 June 2021|url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/variants-concern|access-date=2021-06-08|website=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control }}</ref>
* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2#D614G|D614G]]. This is a substitution at position 614, an aspartic acid-to-glycine substitution.<ref>{{cite news |last= Dr. Sanchari Sinha Dutta, Ph.D |date=15 March 2021 |title=D614G Mutation in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein |url=https://www.news-medical.net/health/D614G-Mutation.aspx |work=News Medical |location= |access-date=2021-06-08}}</ref> Other variants which have the D614G mutation include the [[SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant|Beta]] and [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant|Delta]] variants, and the mutation is associated with increased infectivity.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Korber |first1=Bette |last2=Fischer |first2=Will M. |last3=Gnanakaran |first3=Sandrasegaram |last4=Yoon |first4=Hyejin |last5=Theiler |first5=James |last6=Abfalterer |first6=Werner |last7=Hengartner |first7=Nick |last8=Giorgi |first8=Elena E. |last9=Bhattacharya |first9=Tanmoy |last10=Foley |first10=Brian |last11=Hastie |first11=Kathryn M. |last12=Parker |first12=Matthew D. |last13=Partridge |first13=David G. |last14=Evans |first14=Cariad M. |last15=Freeman |first15=Timothy M. |last16=de Silva |first16=Thushan I. |last17=McDanal |first17=Charlene |last18=Perez |first18=Lautaro G. |last19=Tang |first19=Haili |last20=Moon-Walker |first20=Alex |last21=Whelan |first21=Sean P. |last22=LaBranche |first22=Celia C.|last23=Saphire |first23=Erica O. |last24=Montefiori |first24=David C. |display-authors=6 |date=20 August 2020 |title=Tracking Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike: Evidence that D614G Increases Infectivity of the COVID-19 Virus |url= |journal=Cell |volume=182 |issue=4 |pages=812–827 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.043 |pmid=32697968 |pmc=7332439 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/variants/variant-info.html |title=SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions |author= |date=4 June 2021 |website=cdc.gov |access-date=2021-06-08 |quote=''These variants share one specific mutation called D614G... ...There is evidence that variants with this mutation spread more quickly than viruses without this mutation.''}}</ref>

The two other mutations which can be found closer to either end of the spike region are T95I and Q1071H.<ref name="Stanford1" />

==History==
===International detection===
The Kappa variant was first identified in India in December 2020.<ref name="WHO 27April" />

By 11 May 2021, the [[WHO]] Weekly Epidemiological Update had reported 34 countries with detections of the subvariant,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20210511_weekly_epi_update_39.pdf?sfvrsn=b66ba70d_11&download=true|title=Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 - 11 May 2021|date=11 May 2021 |website=World Health Organization|page=4|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref> however by 25 May 2021, the number of countries had risen to 41.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20210525_weekly_epi_update_41.pdf?sfvrsn=d602902c_6&download=true|title=Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 - 25 May 2021|date=25 May 2021 |website=World Health Organization|page=10|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author= |title=B.1.617 Covid variant, first found in India, now in 53 countries: WHO |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/b-1-617-covid-variant-first-found-in-india-now-in-53-countries-who-121052700342_1.html |work=[[Business Standard]] |location=India |date=27 May 2021 |access-date=2021-06-08 |quote=''According to it, B.1.617.1 is found in 41 countries...''}}</ref> {{As of|2021|May|19}}, the United Kingdom had detected a total of 418 confirmed cases of the SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant.<ref name="PHE1">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-variants-genomically-confirmed-case-numbers/variants-distribution-of-cases-data |title=Variants: distribution of cases data |author= |date=9 February 2021 |website=gov.uk |publisher=[[Public Health England]] |access-date=2021-06-08 |language=en}} {{OGL-attribution|version=3.0}}</ref> On 6 June 2021, a cluster of 60 cases identified in the Australian city of [[Melbourne]] were linked to the Kappa variant.<ref>{{cite news |last=Taylor |first=Josh |date=6 June 2021 |title=Where did Australia's first cases of the Covid Delta variant come from and how infectious is it? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/jun/04/where-did-australias-first-cases-of-the-delta-variant-come-from-and-how-infectious-is-it |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=Melbourne |access-date=2021-06-08}}</ref>

===Community transmission===
A [[Public Health England]] technical briefing paper of 22 April 2021 reported that 119 cases of the sub-variant had been identified in England with a concentration of cases in the London area and the regions of the North West and East of England. Of the 119 cases, 94 had an established link to travel, 22 cases were still under investigation, but the remaining 3 cases were identified as not having any known link to travel.<ref name=PHE9>{{cite report |author= |title=SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England - Technical briefing 9 |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/979818/Variants_of_Concern_VOC_Technical_Briefing_9_England.pdf |location=London |agency=[[Public Health England]] |date=22 April 2021 |access-date=2021-06-09 |language=en}} {{OGL-attribution|version=3.0}}</ref>

On 2 June, [[the Guardian]] reported that at least 1 in 10 of the cases in the outbreak in the Australian state of [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] were due to contact with strangers and that [[community transmission]] was involved with clusters of the Kappa variant. However, infectious disease expert, Professor Greg Dore, said that the Kappa variant was behaving "the same as we've seen before" in relation to other variants in Australia.<ref>{{cite news |last=Davey |first=Melissa |date=2 June 2021 |title=Experts dispute Victoria claim that Kappa variant is more infectious than previous Covid outbreaks |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/jun/02/experts-dispute-victoria-claim-that-kappa-variant-is-more-infectious-than-previous-covid-outbreaks |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=Victoria |access-date=2021-06-09}}</ref>

==Statistics==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="3" |Cases by country (Updated as of 26 August 2021) GISAID<ref>{{Cite web|title=GISAID - hCov19 Variants|url=https://www.gisaid.org/hcov19-variants/|access-date=2021-08-26|website=www.gisaid.org}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" |Country
! scope="col" |Confirmed cases
! scope="col" |Collection date
|-
|{{flagu|India}}
|4,387
|26 May 2021
|-
|{{flagu|United Kingdom}}
|517
|31 May 2021
|-
|{{flagu|USA}}
|303
|24 June 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Canada}}
|371
|12 May 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Ireland}}
|206
|8 June 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Australia}}
|128
|15 June 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Germany}}
|102
|22 June 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Singapore}}
|59
|13 May 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Denmark}}
|28
|31 May 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Netherlands}}
|27
|12 June 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Japan}}
|27
|7 May 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Angola}}
|6
|20 April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|France}}
|16
|20 May 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Belgium}}
|17
|13 May 2021
|-
|{{flagu|China}}
|13
|18 April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Qatar}}
|7
|17 May 2021
|-
|{{flagu|South Korea}}
|12
|27 April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Switzerland}}
|10
|4 May 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Portugal}}
|9
|4 May 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Italy}}
|19
|24 May 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Bahrain}}
|8
|10 April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Mexico}}
|7
|2 June 2021
|-
|{{flagu|South Africa}}
|14
|18 June 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Finland}}
|11
|23 May 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Luxembourg}}
|10
|26 April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Spain}}
|5
|19 May 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Sweden}}
|5
|17 April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Ghana}}
|5
|20 April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Kenya}}
|7
|29 April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Czech Republic}}
|4
|4 May 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Jordan}}
|4
|25 April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Myanmar}}
|4
|2 June 2021
|-
|{{flagu|New Zealand}}
|4
|8 April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Malaysia}}
|4
|1 June 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Indonesia}}
|2
|29 April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Guadeloupe}}
|2
|10 March 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Nepal}}
|2
|9 May 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Sint Maarten}}
|2
|3 April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Austria}}
|2
|April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Curaçao}}
|1
|23 April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Greece}}
|1
|6 April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Slovakia}}
|1
|19 April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Slovenia}}
|2
|6 April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Thailand}}
|1
|26 April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Uganda}}
|1
|26 March 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Zambia}}
|1
|2 May 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Romania}}
|1
|5 May 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Morocco}}
|1
|22 April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Cayman Islands}}
|3
|16 April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Poland}}
|1
|6 May 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Turkey}}
|1
|12 March 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Brazil}}
|2
|10 February 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Israel}}
|2
|2 January 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Saudi Arabia}}
|1
|14 April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|1
|11 April 2021
|-
|{{flagu|Gabon}}
|1
|14 April 2021
|-
|World (56 countries)
|Total: '''6,388'''
|<small>Total as of 6 August 2021</small>
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Covid-19|Medicine|Viruses}}
*[[SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant]]
*[[SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant]]
*[[SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant]]
*[[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant]]
*[[SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant]]
*[[SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant]]
* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{COVID-19 pandemic}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Variants of SARS-CoV-2|S010]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in India]]