S. Ramanathan (politician) - Revision history

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	'''S. Ramanathan''' (30 December 1895 – 9 March 1970) was an Indian politician who served as the minister of [[Madras Presidency]] in the Congress-led government of 1937. He was the founder of the [[Self-Respect Movement]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/selfrespect-and-socialism/article9982754.ece\|title=Self-respect and socialism\|website=Frontline}}</ref>		'''S. Ramanathan''' (30 December 1895 – 9 March 1970) was an Indian politician who served as the minister of [[Madras Presidency]] in the Congress-led government of 1937. He was the first founder of the [[Self-Respect Movement]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/selfrespect-and-socialism/article9982754.ece\|title=Self-respect and socialism\|website=Frontline}}</ref>

	==Early life==		==Early life==
	S. Ramanathan was born on 30 December 1895 to Mrs. Nagarathinam and Mr. Somasundaram as eldest ~~of six~~ siblings in ~~Kodaivillagam~~, near [[Mayiladuthurai]] in [[Tanjore District (Madras Presidency)\|Tanjore District]], Madras Presidency, [[British India]] (present day [[Mayiladuthurai district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India).<ref name="auto">{{Cite web\|url=https://nakkheeran.in/special-articles/special-article/periyars-commando-becomes-rajajis-commando\|title=பெரியாரின் தளபதி ராஜாஜியின் தளபதியானார்...\|website=nakkheeran}}</ref> He was educated at [[Pachaiyappa's College]], [[Madras Christian College]] and [[Madras Law College]].<ref name="auto"/>		S. Ramanathan was born on 30 December 1895 to Mrs. Nagarathinam and Mr. Somasundaram as eldest among male siblings amongst total seven siblings in Kodavillagam, near [[Mayiladuthurai]] in [[Tanjore District (Madras Presidency)\|Tanjore District]], Madras Presidency, [[British India]] (present day [[Mayiladuthurai district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India).<ref name="auto">{{Cite web\|url=https://nakkheeran.in/special-articles/special-article/periyars-commando-becomes-rajajis-commando\|title=பெரியாரின் தளபதி ராஜாஜியின் தளபதியானார்...\|website=nakkheeran}}</ref> He was educated at [[Pachaiyappa's College]], [[Madras Christian College]] and [[Madras Law College]].<ref name="auto"/>

	==Political career==		==Political career==
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	Ramanathan and E.V.Ramasamy went on a tour of the [[Soviet Union]] and [[Europe]] in 1931–1932. During their stay in Soviet Union, according to Anaimuthu, a follower of Ramasamy, they were scheduled to meet with Soviet dictator [[Joseph Stalin]] on 28 May 1932. However, "Ramanathan's contact with [[Trotskyism\|Trotskyites]] had infuriated the [[apparatchik]]s and they were therefore asked to leave immediately".<ref name="Palat2017">{{cite book\|author=Madhavan K. Palat\|title=India and the World in the First Half of the Twentieth Century\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mFI8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT132\|date=1 November 2017\|publisher=Taylor & Francis\|isbn=978-1-351-25530-1\|pages=132–}}</ref> In London, Ramanathan translated [[Lenin]]'s ''On Religion'' into Tamil, which was later published in [[Kudi Arasu]], a Tamil weekly magazine.<ref name="Palat2017"/>		Ramanathan and E.V.Ramasamy went on a tour of the [[Soviet Union]] and [[Europe]] in 1931–1932. During their stay in Soviet Union, according to Anaimuthu, a follower of Ramasamy, they were scheduled to meet with Soviet dictator [[Joseph Stalin]] on 28 May 1932. However, "Ramanathan's contact with [[Trotskyism\|Trotskyites]] had infuriated the [[apparatchik]]s and they were therefore asked to leave immediately".<ref name="Palat2017">{{cite book\|author=Madhavan K. Palat\|title=India and the World in the First Half of the Twentieth Century\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mFI8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT132\|date=1 November 2017\|publisher=Taylor & Francis\|isbn=978-1-351-25530-1\|pages=132–}}</ref> In London, Ramanathan translated [[Lenin]]'s ''On Religion'' into Tamil, which was later published in [[Kudi Arasu]], a Tamil weekly magazine.<ref name="Palat2017"/>

	Ramanathan rejoined the Indian National Congress in ~~1936~~. He was elected from the [[Mayavaram]] constituency in [[1937 Madras Presidency Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name="Rajagopalachari1972">{{cite book\|author=C. V. Rajagopalachari\|title=Failure of Gandhism and Communism\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7z8aJZ6hcJMC\|year=1972\|publisher=C.V. Rajagopalachari\|page=6}}</ref> He became the Minister for Public Information and Administration Reports in the [[Chief Ministership of Rajagopalachari\|Rajagopalachari cabinet]] of 1937–1939.<ref name="Irschick1986"/> In 1947, he wrote a book titled ''Gandhi and the Youth,'' in which he criticized ~~the~~ ideas of Gandhi on caste and [[Khadi]].<ref name="Ramagundam2008">{{cite book\|author=Rahul Ramagundam\|title=Gandhi's khadi: a history of contention and conciliation\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1nUMAQAAMAAJ\|date=1 January 2008\|publisher=Orient Longman\|isbn=978-81-250-3464-3\|page=188}}</ref>		Ramanathan rejoined the Indian National Congress in 1934. He was elected from the [[Mayavaram]] constituency in [[1937 Madras Presidency Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name="Rajagopalachari1972">{{cite book\|author=C. V. Rajagopalachari\|title=Failure of Gandhism and Communism\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7z8aJZ6hcJMC\|year=1972\|publisher=C.V. Rajagopalachari\|page=6}}</ref> He became the Minister for Public Information and Administration Reports in the [[Chief Ministership of Rajagopalachari\|Rajagopalachari cabinet]] of 1937–1939.<ref name="Irschick1986"/> In 1947, he wrote a book titled ''Gandhi and the Youth,'' in which he had criticized ideas of Gandhi on caste and [[Khadi]].<ref name="Ramagundam2008">{{cite book\|author=Rahul Ramagundam\|title=Gandhi's khadi: a history of contention and conciliation\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1nUMAQAAMAAJ\|date=1 January 2008\|publisher=Orient Longman\|isbn=978-81-250-3464-3\|page=188}}</ref>

	He retired from politics and passed away on 9 March 1970.<ref name="auto" />		S.Ramanathan has also accompanied with [[Periyar_E._V._Ramasamy\|E.V.R]] to the [[Vaikom_Satyagraha\|Vaikom Protest]] held in Travancore in 1924; During his socio-political life, he made several friends in the political circle cutting across all walks of life. S.Ramanathan has even brought [[M.K.Gandhi]] to his home village Kodavillagam during one of M.K.G's tour of South India.

			S.Ramanathan's commercial interest in personal life span from arts to [[Screen_printing\|Silk Screen Printing]] for which he has brought the technology from Russia to establish Silk Screen Printing as the pioneer in India; he also had interests in [[Poultry_farming\|Commercial poultry farming]].

			He retired from active politics in late 1950's and passed away on 9 March 1970. His funeral in Madras was well attended by C. Rajagopalachari, Kamarajar, E.V.Ramasamy. His death was condoled in Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly on Saturday 14th March 1970 by a silent condolence and adjournment of assembly for 15 minutes. <ref name="auto" />

	==References==		==References==

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{{Other uses|S. Ramanathan (disambiguation){{!}}S. Ramanathan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
'''S. Ramanathan''' (30 December 1895 – 9 March 1970) was an Indian politician who served as the minister of [[Madras Presidency]] in the Congress-led government of 1937. He was the founder of the [[Self-Respect Movement]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/selfrespect-and-socialism/article9982754.ece|title=Self-respect and socialism|website=Frontline}}</ref>

==Early life==
S. Ramanathan was born on 30 December 1895 to Mrs. Nagarathinam and Mr. Somasundaram as eldest of six siblings in Kodaivillagam, near [[Mayiladuthurai]] in [[Tanjore District (Madras Presidency)|Tanjore District]], Madras Presidency, [[British India]] (present day [[Mayiladuthurai district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India).<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://nakkheeran.in/special-articles/special-article/periyars-commando-becomes-rajajis-commando|title=பெரியாரின் தளபதி ராஜாஜியின் தளபதியானார்...|website=nakkheeran}}</ref> He was educated at [[Pachaiyappa's College]], [[Madras Christian College]] and [[Madras Law College]].<ref name="auto"/>

==Political career==
S. Ramanathan joined the [[Indian National Congress]] to participate in [[Indian independence movement]] during his college years.<ref name="auto"/> As a follower of [[Mahatma Gandhi]], he was involved in the promotion of [[Khadi]] in Madras.<ref name="IrschickStudies1969">{{cite book|author1=Eugene F. Irschick|author2=University of California, Berkeley. Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies|title=Politics and Social Conflict in South India: The Non-Brahman Movement and Tamil Separatism, 1916–1929|url=https://archive.org/details/politicssocialco0000irsc|url-access=registration|year=1969|publisher=University of California Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/politicssocialco0000irsc/page/332 332]–|id=GGKEY:X5KJTZKJXZU}}</ref> He was arrested during the [[Non-cooperation movement]] for his participation.<ref name="Irschick1986">{{cite book|author=Eugene F. Irschick|title=Tamil revivalism in the 1930s|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ToZuAAAAMAAJ|date=1 January 1986|publisher=Cre-A|page=215|isbn=9780836419184}}</ref>

In 1922, when some members of the Congress decided to contest the elections, they formed the [[Swaraj Party]]. Some [[Brahmin]]s in Madras, led by [[Rajagopalachari]], welcomed the move, but a group of non-Brahmins, led by [[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]] and Ramanathan, opposed it.<ref name="Arnold2017">{{cite book|author=David Arnold|title=The Congress in Tamilnad: Nationalist Politics in South India, 1919–1937|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1OCfDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1883|date=7 April 2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-315-29419-3|pages=1883–}}</ref> In the party meeting of 1925, Ramanathan proposed a resolution, on behalf of Ramasamy, for [[proportional representation]] to the non-Brahmins but it failed.<ref name="Mangalamurugesan1979">{{cite book|author=Nataraja Kandasamy Mangalamurugesan|title=Self-Respect Movement in Tamil Nadu, 1920–1940|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4AY1AQAAIAAJ|publisher=Koodal Publishers|year=1979|pages=47}}</ref>

After the failure of the resolution, Ramanathan founded the [[Self-Respect Movement]] to safeguard the interests of non-Brahmins. He became the secretary and invited Ramasamy to take the leadership of the movement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/who-periyar-ev-ramasamy-dravidian-movement-stalwart-led-anti-hindi-agitation-after-quitting-763014|title=Who is Periyar EV Ramasamy? Dravidian movement stalwart led anti-Hindi agitation after quitting Congress|date=7 March 2018|website=International Business Times, India Edition}}</ref><ref name="Vicuvanātan̲1983">{{cite book|author=Ī. Ca Vicuvanātan̲|title=The political career of E.V. Ramasami Naicker: a study in the politics of Tamil Nadu, 1920–1949|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L9dIAAAAMAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Ravi & Vasanth Publishers|page=71}}</ref> He felt that Gandhi was favouring Brahmins in the Congress and he opposed the Gandhi's views on ''varnashrama dharma'' ([[caste system in India]]). In September 1927, Ramanathan and Ramasamy met Gandhi to solve the issues but it did not make any impact on both sides.<ref name="IrschickStudies1969" /> In the same year, he left the Congress party. The English newspaper named ''Revolt'' was started in 1928 with Ramanathan as its editor to propagate ideas of the Self-Respect Movement.<ref name="Irschick1986" />

Ramanathan and E.V.Ramasamy went on a tour of the [[Soviet Union]] and [[Europe]] in 1931–1932. During their stay in Soviet Union, according to Anaimuthu, a follower of Ramasamy, they were scheduled to meet with Soviet dictator [[Joseph Stalin]] on 28 May 1932. However, "Ramanathan's contact with [[Trotskyism|Trotskyites]] had infuriated the [[apparatchik]]s and they were therefore asked to leave immediately".<ref name="Palat2017">{{cite book|author=Madhavan K. Palat|title=India and the World in the First Half of the Twentieth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mFI8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT132|date=1 November 2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-351-25530-1|pages=132–}}</ref> In London, Ramanathan translated [[Lenin]]'s ''On Religion'' into Tamil, which was later published in [[Kudi Arasu]], a Tamil weekly magazine.<ref name="Palat2017"/>

Ramanathan rejoined the Indian National Congress in 1936. He was elected from the [[Mayavaram]] constituency in [[1937 Madras Presidency Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name="Rajagopalachari1972">{{cite book|author=C. V. Rajagopalachari|title=Failure of Gandhism and Communism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7z8aJZ6hcJMC|year=1972|publisher=C.V. Rajagopalachari|page=6}}</ref> He became the Minister for Public Information and Administration Reports in the [[Chief Ministership of Rajagopalachari|Rajagopalachari cabinet]] of 1937–1939.<ref name="Irschick1986"/> In 1947, he wrote a book titled ''Gandhi and the Youth,'' in which he criticized the ideas of Gandhi on caste and [[Khadi]].<ref name="Ramagundam2008">{{cite book|author=Rahul Ramagundam|title=Gandhi's khadi: a history of contention and conciliation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1nUMAQAAMAAJ|date=1 January 2008|publisher=Orient Longman|isbn=978-81-250-3464-3|page=188}}</ref>

He retired from politics and passed away on 9 March 1970.<ref name="auto" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramanathan, S.}}
[[Category:1895 births]]
[[Category:1970 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Mayiladuthurai district]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Madras Christian College alumni]]