S. M. Anwar - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 08:17, 26 October 2022
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	[[Commodore (rank)\|Commodore]] '''Sheikh Mohammad Anwar''' {{small\|[[Legion of Merit\|LOM]], [[Sitara-i-Khidmat\|SK]]}} ({{lang-ur\|شيخ محمد انور}} ; 19 September 1920 – 24 January 1977),<ref name="ISPR (Facebook)">{{cite web\|last1=ISPR\|first1=Navy\|title=Pakistan Navy-Official page\|url=https://www.facebook.com/PakistanNavyPage/photos/a.212188338827793.47912.211341692245791/1138129902900294/?type=3\|website=www.facebook.com\|publisher=ISPR (Facebook)\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|location=Islamabad, Pakistan\|language=en-pk\|date=8 September ~~2022~~}}</ref> popularly known as '''SM Anwar''', was a [[One-star rank\|one-star]] rank admiral in the [[Pakistan Navy]] who is known for his role as [[officer in tactical command]] of the 25th Destroyer Squadron that [[Operation Somnath\|attack and raided]] the radar station in [[Dwarka]] in [[Gujarat, India\|Gujarat]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965\|second war]] with India in 1965.		[[Commodore (rank)\|Commodore]] '''Sheikh Mohammad Anwar''' {{small\|[[Legion of Merit\|LOM]], [[Sitara-i-Khidmat\|SK]]}} ({{lang-ur\|شيخ محمد انور}} ; 19 September 1920 – 24 January 1977),<ref name="ISPR (Facebook)">{{cite web\|last1=ISPR\|first1=Navy\|title=Pakistan Navy-Official page\|url=https://www.facebook.com/PakistanNavyPage/photos/a.212188338827793.47912.211341692245791/1138129902900294/?type=3\|website=www.facebook.com\|publisher=ISPR (Facebook)\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|location=Islamabad, Pakistan\|language=en-pk\|date=8 September 2016}}</ref> popularly known as '''SM Anwar''', was a [[One-star rank\|one-star]] rank admiral in the [[Pakistan Navy]] who is known for his role as [[officer in tactical command]] of the 25th Destroyer Squadron that [[Operation Somnath\|attack and raided]] the radar station in [[Dwarka]] in [[Gujarat, India\|Gujarat]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965\|second war]] with India in 1965.

	Despite his feat, Anwar's accomplishment in the Navy was not well known. He died in [[Karachi]] in 1977. It was only in 1990s when his role as war hero was highlighted when [[Inter-Services Public Relations\|ISPR]] released the [[telefilm]] of [[Operation Dwarka\|same name of operation]]. After much literary criticism by media and veterans, his achievements were recognized in 2010s.		Despite his feat, Anwar's accomplishment in the Navy was not well known. He died in [[Karachi]] in 1977. It was only in 1990s when his role as war hero was highlighted when [[Inter-Services Public Relations\|ISPR]] released the [[telefilm]] of [[Operation Dwarka\|same name of operation]]. After much literary criticism by media and veterans, his achievements were recognized in 2010s.
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	Sheikh Mohammad Anwar was born in [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, British India\|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire\|India]], on 12 September 1920.{{rp\|6}}<ref name="Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.">{{cite book\|title=Port of Karachi Magazine\|date=1968\|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=1920\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|language=en}}</ref> After his matriculation, he was educated at the [[Forman Christian College University]] in [[Lahore]], graduating in 1940.{{rp\|25}}<ref name="Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust., 1969">{{cite journal\|title=Port of Karachi Magazine\|journal=15\|date=1969\|volume=Port of Karachi Magazine\|issue=16\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=1920\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.\|language=en}}</ref>		Sheikh Mohammad Anwar was born in [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, British India\|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire\|India]], on 12 September 1920.{{rp\|6}}<ref name="Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.">{{cite book\|title=Port of Karachi Magazine\|date=1968\|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=1920\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|language=en}}</ref> After his matriculation, he was educated at the [[Forman Christian College University]] in [[Lahore]], graduating in 1940.{{rp\|25}}<ref name="Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust., 1969">{{cite journal\|title=Port of Karachi Magazine\|journal=15\|date=1969\|volume=Port of Karachi Magazine\|issue=16\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=1920\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.\|language=en}}</ref>

	He joined and [[Commissioned officer\|commissioned]] in the [[Royal Indian Navy (1612–1950)\|Royal Indian Navy]] as a [[Sub Lieutenant\|Sub-Lieutenant]] in 1941, and briefly served in World War II's [[Burma Campaign 1942–43\|Burma theatre]] in 1942–43.{{rp\|6–7}}<ref>{{cite book\|title=Excerpts II\|year = 1968\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=PARBHAVATI&pg=RA1-PA6}}</ref> After the [[Partition of India\|India's partition]] that resulted in the [[independence of Pakistan]] on 14 August 1947, [[Lieutenant\|Lt]] Anwar joined the [[Pakistan Navy]], and was directed to attend the [[U.S. Naval War College\|Naval War College]] in [[Rhodes Island]], United States, in 1958.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Excerpts III\|year = 1968\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=War+college&pg=PA60\|accessdate=19 August ~~2022~~}}</ref> After graduating from the Naval War College in 1959, [[Commander (rank)\|Cdr.]] Anwar served as an [[exchange officer]] in the [[United States Navy]]'s [[Surface warfare insignia\|surface warships]] for two months.<ref name="Excerpts IV">{{cite book\|title=Excerpts IV\|date=1969\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=War+college&pg=RA1-PA6\|accessdate=19 August ~~2022~~}}</ref> In 1960, [[Commander (rank)\|Cdr]] Anwar served as base commander for the [[Pakistan Naval Academy\|PNS Bahadur]], a training establishment.<ref name="Excerpts IV"/>		He joined and [[Commissioned officer\|commissioned]] in the [[Royal Indian Navy (1612–1950)\|Royal Indian Navy]] as a [[Sub Lieutenant\|Sub-Lieutenant]] in 1941, and briefly served in World War II's [[Burma Campaign 1942–43\|Burma theatre]] in 1942–43.{{rp\|6–7}}<ref>{{cite book\|title=Excerpts II\|year = 1968\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=PARBHAVATI&pg=RA1-PA6}}</ref> After the [[Partition of India\|India's partition]] that resulted in the [[independence of Pakistan]] on 14 August 1947, [[Lieutenant\|Lt]] Anwar joined the [[Pakistan Navy]], and was directed to attend the [[U.S. Naval War College\|Naval War College]] in [[Rhodes Island]], United States, in 1958.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Excerpts III\|year = 1968\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=War+college&pg=PA60\|accessdate=19 August 2017}}</ref> After graduating from the Naval War College in 1959, [[Commander (rank)\|Cdr.]] Anwar served as an [[exchange officer]] in the [[United States Navy]]'s [[Surface warfare insignia\|surface warships]] for two months.<ref name="Excerpts IV">{{cite book\|title=Excerpts IV\|date=1969\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=War+college&pg=RA1-PA6\|accessdate=19 August 2017}}</ref> In 1960, [[Commander (rank)\|Cdr]] Anwar served as base commander for the [[Pakistan Naval Academy\|PNS Bahadur]], a training establishment.<ref name="Excerpts IV"/>

	In 1962, [[Captain (naval)\|Capt.]] Anwar was appointed by the [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)\|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) for a diplomatic assignment, and briefly tenured as [[Naval attache\|naval attaché]] at the [[Embassy of Pakistan, Washington, D.C.\|Embassy of Pakistan]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] in the United States until 1964.{{rp\|38}}<ref>{{cite book\|last1=State\|first1=United States Dept of\|title=Diplomatic List\|date=1962\|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AxIgAAAAMAAJ&q=Captain++SM+Anwar\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|language=en}}</ref>		In 1962, [[Captain (naval)\|Capt.]] Anwar was appointed by the [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)\|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) for a diplomatic assignment, and briefly tenured as [[Naval attache\|naval attaché]] at the [[Embassy of Pakistan, Washington, D.C.\|Embassy of Pakistan]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] in the United States until 1964.{{rp\|38}}<ref>{{cite book\|last1=State\|first1=United States Dept of\|title=Diplomatic List\|date=1962\|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AxIgAAAAMAAJ&q=Captain++SM+Anwar\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|language=en}}</ref>

	In 1965, Anwar was appointed as senior [[Fleet Commander\|fleet commander]] when he took over the command of the [[Pakistan Navy#Naval Commands in Field and Commanders\|Pakistan Fleet]] (COMPAK).<ref name="« PakDef Military Consortium, 2003">{{cite web\|last1=Shabbir\|first1=Usman\|title=1965 War\|url=http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/\|website=pakdef.org\|publisher=« PakDef Military Consortium\|access-date=19 August 2017\|location=Karachi, Pk\|language=en-pk\|date=June 2003\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330222928/http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/\|archive-date=30 March ~~2022~~}}</ref> During the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965\|second war]] with India in 1965, Cdre. Anwar was the [[officer in tactical command]] of the 25th Destroyer Squadron who led the [[Operation Somnath\|attack and raid]] radar station used by the [[Indian Air Force]] in [[Dwarka]], [[Gujarat]] in India.<ref name="« PakDef Military Consortium, 2003"/>{{rp\|83}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Roy">{{cite book\|last1=Roy\|first1=Mihir K.\|title=War in the Indian Ocean\|date=1995\|publisher=Lancer Publishers\|location=Delhi,India\|isbn=9781897829110\|pages=290\|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tqr8r7EB18wC&q=commodore+SM+Anwar&pg=PA83\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|language=en-gb\|chapter-format=google books\|chapter=Trumps and Aces}}</ref>		In 1965, Anwar was appointed as senior [[Fleet Commander\|fleet commander]] when he took over the command of the [[Pakistan Navy#Naval Commands in Field and Commanders\|Pakistan Fleet]] (COMPAK).<ref name="« PakDef Military Consortium, 2003">{{cite web\|last1=Shabbir\|first1=Usman\|title=1965 War\|url=http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/\|website=pakdef.org\|publisher=« PakDef Military Consortium\|access-date=19 August 2017\|location=Karachi, Pk\|language=en-pk\|date=June 2003\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330222928/http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/\|archive-date=30 March 2014}}</ref> During the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965\|second war]] with India in 1965, Cdre. Anwar was the [[officer in tactical command]] of the 25th Destroyer Squadron who led the [[Operation Somnath\|attack and raid]] radar station used by the [[Indian Air Force]] in [[Dwarka]], [[Gujarat]] in India.<ref name="« PakDef Military Consortium, 2003"/>{{rp\|83}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Roy">{{cite book\|last1=Roy\|first1=Mihir K.\|title=War in the Indian Ocean\|date=1995\|publisher=Lancer Publishers\|location=Delhi,India\|isbn=9781897829110\|pages=290\|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tqr8r7EB18wC&q=commodore+SM+Anwar&pg=PA83\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|language=en-gb\|chapter-format=google books\|chapter=Trumps and Aces}}</ref>

	In 1968, the United States honoured him with their highest military award, the [[Legion of Merit]], presented by then-[[United States Ambassador to Pakistan\|U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan]] [[Eugene M. Locke\|Eugene Locke]].{{rp\|39}}<ref>{{cite book\|title=Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan\|date=1966\|publisher=Pakistan Herald Publications\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f3ccAQAAMAAJ&q=Commodore+SM+Anwar+legion\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|language=en}}</ref>{{rp\|25}}<ref>{{cite book\|title=Excerpt VI\|date=1968\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=legion&pg=PA25}}</ref> In 1969, he was appointed as chairman of [[Karachi Port Trust]] which he remained until 1970.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Port of Karachi Magazine\|date=1969\|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=SM+Anwar+\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|language=en}}</ref>		In 1968, the United States honoured him with their highest military award, the [[Legion of Merit]], presented by then-[[United States Ambassador to Pakistan\|U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan]] [[Eugene M. Locke\|Eugene Locke]].{{rp\|39}}<ref>{{cite book\|title=Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan\|date=1966\|publisher=Pakistan Herald Publications\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f3ccAQAAMAAJ&q=Commodore+SM+Anwar+legion\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|language=en}}</ref>{{rp\|25}}<ref>{{cite book\|title=Excerpt VI\|date=1968\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=legion&pg=PA25}}</ref> In 1969, he was appointed as chairman of [[Karachi Port Trust]] which he remained until 1970.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Port of Karachi Magazine\|date=1969\|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=SM+Anwar+\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|language=en}}</ref>

	In 1971, Cdre. Anwar served in the command of the [[Pakistan Marines\|Marines Corps]] for a short period, and was later appointed as [[commandant]] of the [[Pakistan Marine Academy]] until 1975.<ref name="Pakistan Marine Academy">{{cite web\|last1=Khawaja\|first1=Hammad\|title=Pakistan Marine Academy\|url=http://www.macoba.org/?author=1\|website=www.macoba.org\|publisher=Pakistan Marine Academy\|accessdate=19 August ~~2022~~}}</ref>		In 1971, Cdre. Anwar served in the command of the [[Pakistan Marines\|Marines Corps]] for a short period, and was later appointed as [[commandant]] of the [[Pakistan Marine Academy]] until 1975.<ref name="Pakistan Marine Academy">{{cite web\|last1=Khawaja\|first1=Hammad\|title=Pakistan Marine Academy\|url=http://www.macoba.org/?author=1\|website=www.macoba.org\|publisher=Pakistan Marine Academy\|accessdate=19 August 2017}}</ref>

	Despite his role and heroic feats in 1965 war, his role in the Navy was less known and was hardly recognised in the Navy.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2015">{{cite news\|last1=Anwar\|first1=Omar\|title='The forgotten hero'\|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1208763\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|work=DAWN.COM\|agency=Dawn newspapers\|publisher=Dawn newspapers, 2015\|date=23 September 2015\|location=Karachi\|language=en-pk}}</ref> He was unknown to the public, and it was not until 1990s when the ISPR highlighted his role as a war hero when releasing the telefilm bearing the same name of operation that was aired on the [[Shalimar Television Network\|STN]]; his role was played by [[Talat Hussain (actor)\|Talat Hussain]] in the 1990s.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2015"/><ref name="ISPR Films">{{cite web\|title=Operation Dwarka\|url=http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x358cbb\|website=Dailymotion\|publisher=ISPR Films\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|date=7 September 2015\|orig-year=1993}}</ref>		Despite his role and heroic feats in 1965 war, his role in the Navy was less known and was hardly recognised in the Navy.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2015">{{cite news\|last1=Anwar\|first1=Omar\|title='The forgotten hero'\|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1208763\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|work=DAWN.COM\|agency=Dawn newspapers\|publisher=Dawn newspapers, 2015\|date=23 September 2015\|location=Karachi\|language=en-pk}}</ref> He was unknown to the public, and it was not until 1990s when the ISPR highlighted his role as a war hero when releasing the telefilm bearing the same name of operation that was aired on the [[Shalimar Television Network\|STN]]; his role was played by [[Talat Hussain (actor)\|Talat Hussain]] in the 1990s.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2015"/><ref name="ISPR Films">{{cite web\|title=Operation Dwarka\|url=http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x358cbb\|website=Dailymotion\|publisher=ISPR Films\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|date=7 September 2015\|orig-year=1993}}</ref>

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← Older revision		Revision as of 08:17, 26 October 2022
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	[[Commodore (rank)\|Commodore]] '''Sheikh Mohammad Anwar''' {{small\|[[Legion of Merit\|LOM]], [[Sitara-i-Khidmat\|SK]]}} ({{lang-ur\|شيخ محمد انور}} ; 19 September 1920 – 24 January 1977),<ref name="ISPR (Facebook)">{{cite web\|last1=ISPR\|first1=Navy\|title=Pakistan Navy-Official page\|url=https://www.facebook.com/PakistanNavyPage/photos/a.212188338827793.47912.211341692245791/1138129902900294/?type=3\|website=www.facebook.com\|publisher=ISPR (Facebook)\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|location=Islamabad, Pakistan\|language=en-pk\|date=8 September ~~2016~~}}</ref> popularly known as '''SM Anwar''', was a [[One-star rank\|one-star]] rank admiral in the [[Pakistan Navy]] who is known for his role as [[officer in tactical command]] of the 25th Destroyer Squadron that [[Operation Somnath\|attack and raided]] the radar station in [[Dwarka]] in [[Gujarat, India\|Gujarat]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965\|second war]] with India in 1965.		[[Commodore (rank)\|Commodore]] '''Sheikh Mohammad Anwar''' {{small\|[[Legion of Merit\|LOM]], [[Sitara-i-Khidmat\|SK]]}} ({{lang-ur\|شيخ محمد انور}} ; 19 September 1920 – 24 January 1977),<ref name="ISPR (Facebook)">{{cite web\|last1=ISPR\|first1=Navy\|title=Pakistan Navy-Official page\|url=https://www.facebook.com/PakistanNavyPage/photos/a.212188338827793.47912.211341692245791/1138129902900294/?type=3\|website=www.facebook.com\|publisher=ISPR (Facebook)\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|location=Islamabad, Pakistan\|language=en-pk\|date=8 September 2022}}</ref> popularly known as '''SM Anwar''', was a [[One-star rank\|one-star]] rank admiral in the [[Pakistan Navy]] who is known for his role as [[officer in tactical command]] of the 25th Destroyer Squadron that [[Operation Somnath\|attack and raided]] the radar station in [[Dwarka]] in [[Gujarat, India\|Gujarat]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965\|second war]] with India in 1965.

	Despite his feat, Anwar's accomplishment in the Navy was not well known. He died in [[Karachi]] in 1977. It was only in 1990s when his role as war hero was highlighted when [[Inter-Services Public Relations\|ISPR]] released the [[telefilm]] of [[Operation Dwarka\|same name of operation]]. After much literary criticism by media and veterans, his achievements were recognized in 2010s.		Despite his feat, Anwar's accomplishment in the Navy was not well known. He died in [[Karachi]] in 1977. It was only in 1990s when his role as war hero was highlighted when [[Inter-Services Public Relations\|ISPR]] released the [[telefilm]] of [[Operation Dwarka\|same name of operation]]. After much literary criticism by media and veterans, his achievements were recognized in 2010s.
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	Sheikh Mohammad Anwar was born in [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, British India\|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire\|India]], on 12 September 1920.{{rp\|6}}<ref name="Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.">{{cite book\|title=Port of Karachi Magazine\|date=1968\|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=1920\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|language=en}}</ref> After his matriculation, he was educated at the [[Forman Christian College University]] in [[Lahore]], graduating in 1940.{{rp\|25}}<ref name="Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust., 1969">{{cite journal\|title=Port of Karachi Magazine\|journal=15\|date=1969\|volume=Port of Karachi Magazine\|issue=16\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=1920\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.\|language=en}}</ref>		Sheikh Mohammad Anwar was born in [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, British India\|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire\|India]], on 12 September 1920.{{rp\|6}}<ref name="Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.">{{cite book\|title=Port of Karachi Magazine\|date=1968\|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=1920\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|language=en}}</ref> After his matriculation, he was educated at the [[Forman Christian College University]] in [[Lahore]], graduating in 1940.{{rp\|25}}<ref name="Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust., 1969">{{cite journal\|title=Port of Karachi Magazine\|journal=15\|date=1969\|volume=Port of Karachi Magazine\|issue=16\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=1920\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.\|language=en}}</ref>

	He joined and [[Commissioned officer\|commissioned]] in the [[Royal Indian Navy (1612–1950)\|Royal Indian Navy]] as a [[Sub Lieutenant\|Sub-Lieutenant]] in 1941, and briefly served in World War II's [[Burma Campaign 1942–43\|Burma theatre]] in 1942–43.{{rp\|6–7}}<ref>{{cite book\|title=Excerpts II\|year = 1968\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=PARBHAVATI&pg=RA1-PA6}}</ref> After the [[Partition of India\|India's partition]] that resulted in the [[independence of Pakistan]] on 14 August 1947, [[Lieutenant\|Lt]] Anwar joined the [[Pakistan Navy]], and was directed to attend the [[U.S. Naval War College\|Naval War College]] in [[Rhodes Island]], United States, in 1958.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Excerpts III\|year = 1968\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=War+college&pg=PA60\|accessdate=19 August ~~2017~~}}</ref> After graduating from the Naval War College in 1959, [[Commander (rank)\|Cdr.]] Anwar served as an [[exchange officer]] in the [[United States Navy]]'s [[Surface warfare insignia\|surface warships]] for two months.<ref name="Excerpts IV">{{cite book\|title=Excerpts IV\|date=1969\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=War+college&pg=RA1-PA6\|accessdate=19 August ~~2017~~}}</ref> In 1960, [[Commander (rank)\|Cdr]] Anwar served as base commander for the [[Pakistan Naval Academy\|PNS Bahadur]], a training establishment.<ref name="Excerpts IV"/>		He joined and [[Commissioned officer\|commissioned]] in the [[Royal Indian Navy (1612–1950)\|Royal Indian Navy]] as a [[Sub Lieutenant\|Sub-Lieutenant]] in 1941, and briefly served in World War II's [[Burma Campaign 1942–43\|Burma theatre]] in 1942–43.{{rp\|6–7}}<ref>{{cite book\|title=Excerpts II\|year = 1968\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=PARBHAVATI&pg=RA1-PA6}}</ref> After the [[Partition of India\|India's partition]] that resulted in the [[independence of Pakistan]] on 14 August 1947, [[Lieutenant\|Lt]] Anwar joined the [[Pakistan Navy]], and was directed to attend the [[U.S. Naval War College\|Naval War College]] in [[Rhodes Island]], United States, in 1958.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Excerpts III\|year = 1968\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=War+college&pg=PA60\|accessdate=19 August 2022}}</ref> After graduating from the Naval War College in 1959, [[Commander (rank)\|Cdr.]] Anwar served as an [[exchange officer]] in the [[United States Navy]]'s [[Surface warfare insignia\|surface warships]] for two months.<ref name="Excerpts IV">{{cite book\|title=Excerpts IV\|date=1969\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=War+college&pg=RA1-PA6\|accessdate=19 August 2022}}</ref> In 1960, [[Commander (rank)\|Cdr]] Anwar served as base commander for the [[Pakistan Naval Academy\|PNS Bahadur]], a training establishment.<ref name="Excerpts IV"/>

	In 1962, [[Captain (naval)\|Capt.]] Anwar was appointed by the [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)\|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) for a diplomatic assignment, and briefly tenured as [[Naval attache\|naval attaché]] at the [[Embassy of Pakistan, Washington, D.C.\|Embassy of Pakistan]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] in the United States until 1964.{{rp\|38}}<ref>{{cite book\|last1=State\|first1=United States Dept of\|title=Diplomatic List\|date=1962\|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AxIgAAAAMAAJ&q=Captain++SM+Anwar\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|language=en}}</ref>		In 1962, [[Captain (naval)\|Capt.]] Anwar was appointed by the [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)\|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) for a diplomatic assignment, and briefly tenured as [[Naval attache\|naval attaché]] at the [[Embassy of Pakistan, Washington, D.C.\|Embassy of Pakistan]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] in the United States until 1964.{{rp\|38}}<ref>{{cite book\|last1=State\|first1=United States Dept of\|title=Diplomatic List\|date=1962\|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AxIgAAAAMAAJ&q=Captain++SM+Anwar\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|language=en}}</ref>

	In 1965, Anwar was appointed as senior [[Fleet Commander\|fleet commander]] when he took over the command of the [[Pakistan Navy#Naval Commands in Field and Commanders\|Pakistan Fleet]] (COMPAK).<ref name="« PakDef Military Consortium, 2003">{{cite web\|last1=Shabbir\|first1=Usman\|title=1965 War\|url=http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/\|website=pakdef.org\|publisher=« PakDef Military Consortium\|access-date=19 August 2017\|location=Karachi, Pk\|language=en-pk\|date=June 2003\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330222928/http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/\|archive-date=30 March ~~2014\|df=~~}}</ref> During the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965\|second war]] with India in 1965, Cdre. Anwar was the [[officer in tactical command]] of the 25th Destroyer Squadron who led the [[Operation Somnath\|attack and raid]] radar station used by the [[Indian Air Force]] in [[Dwarka]], [[Gujarat]] in India.<ref name="« PakDef Military Consortium, 2003"/>{{rp\|83}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Roy">{{cite book\|last1=Roy\|first1=Mihir K.\|title=War in the Indian Ocean\|date=1995\|publisher=Lancer Publishers\|location=Delhi,India\|isbn=9781897829110\|pages=290\|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tqr8r7EB18wC&q=commodore+SM+Anwar&pg=PA83\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|language=en-gb\|chapter-format=google books\|chapter=Trumps and Aces}}</ref>		In 1965, Anwar was appointed as senior [[Fleet Commander\|fleet commander]] when he took over the command of the [[Pakistan Navy#Naval Commands in Field and Commanders\|Pakistan Fleet]] (COMPAK).<ref name="« PakDef Military Consortium, 2003">{{cite web\|last1=Shabbir\|first1=Usman\|title=1965 War\|url=http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/\|website=pakdef.org\|publisher=« PakDef Military Consortium\|access-date=19 August 2017\|location=Karachi, Pk\|language=en-pk\|date=June 2003\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330222928/http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/\|archive-date=30 March 2022}}</ref> During the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965\|second war]] with India in 1965, Cdre. Anwar was the [[officer in tactical command]] of the 25th Destroyer Squadron who led the [[Operation Somnath\|attack and raid]] radar station used by the [[Indian Air Force]] in [[Dwarka]], [[Gujarat]] in India.<ref name="« PakDef Military Consortium, 2003"/>{{rp\|83}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Roy">{{cite book\|last1=Roy\|first1=Mihir K.\|title=War in the Indian Ocean\|date=1995\|publisher=Lancer Publishers\|location=Delhi,India\|isbn=9781897829110\|pages=290\|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tqr8r7EB18wC&q=commodore+SM+Anwar&pg=PA83\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|language=en-gb\|chapter-format=google books\|chapter=Trumps and Aces}}</ref>

	In 1968, the United States honoured him with their highest military award, the [[Legion of Merit]], presented by then-[[United States Ambassador to Pakistan\|U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan]] [[Eugene M. Locke\|Eugene Locke]].{{rp\|39}}<ref>{{cite book\|title=Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan\|date=1966\|publisher=Pakistan Herald Publications\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f3ccAQAAMAAJ&q=Commodore+SM+Anwar+legion\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|language=en}}</ref>{{rp\|25}}<ref>{{cite book\|title=Excerpt VI\|date=1968\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=legion&pg=PA25}}</ref> In 1969, he was appointed as chairman of [[Karachi Port Trust]] which he remained until 1970.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Port of Karachi Magazine\|date=1969\|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=SM+Anwar+\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|language=en}}</ref>		In 1968, the United States honoured him with their highest military award, the [[Legion of Merit]], presented by then-[[United States Ambassador to Pakistan\|U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan]] [[Eugene M. Locke\|Eugene Locke]].{{rp\|39}}<ref>{{cite book\|title=Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan\|date=1966\|publisher=Pakistan Herald Publications\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f3ccAQAAMAAJ&q=Commodore+SM+Anwar+legion\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|language=en}}</ref>{{rp\|25}}<ref>{{cite book\|title=Excerpt VI\|date=1968\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=legion&pg=PA25}}</ref> In 1969, he was appointed as chairman of [[Karachi Port Trust]] which he remained until 1970.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Port of Karachi Magazine\|date=1969\|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=SM+Anwar+\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|language=en}}</ref>

	In 1971, Cdre. Anwar served in the command of the [[Pakistan Marines\|Marines Corps]] for a short period, and was later appointed as [[commandant]] of the [[Pakistan Marine Academy]] until 1975.<ref name="Pakistan Marine Academy">{{cite web\|last1=Khawaja\|first1=Hammad\|title=Pakistan Marine Academy\|url=http://www.macoba.org/?author=1\|website=www.macoba.org\|publisher=Pakistan Marine Academy\|accessdate=19 August ~~2017~~}}</ref>		In 1971, Cdre. Anwar served in the command of the [[Pakistan Marines\|Marines Corps]] for a short period, and was later appointed as [[commandant]] of the [[Pakistan Marine Academy]] until 1975.<ref name="Pakistan Marine Academy">{{cite web\|last1=Khawaja\|first1=Hammad\|title=Pakistan Marine Academy\|url=http://www.macoba.org/?author=1\|website=www.macoba.org\|publisher=Pakistan Marine Academy\|accessdate=19 August 2022}}</ref>

	Despite his role and heroic feats in 1965 war, his role in the Navy was less known and was hardly recognised in the Navy.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2015">{{cite news\|last1=Anwar\|first1=Omar\|title='The forgotten hero'\|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1208763\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|work=DAWN.COM\|agency=Dawn newspapers\|publisher=Dawn newspapers, 2015\|date=23 September 2015\|location=Karachi\|language=en-pk}}</ref> He was unknown to the public, and it was not until 1990s when the ISPR highlighted his role as a war hero when releasing the telefilm bearing the same name of operation that was aired on the [[Shalimar Television Network\|STN]]; his role was played by [[Talat Hussain (actor)\|Talat Hussain]] in the 1990s.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2015"/><ref name="ISPR Films">{{cite web\|title=Operation Dwarka\|url=http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x358cbb\|website=Dailymotion\|publisher=ISPR Films\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|date=7 September 2015\|orig-year=1993}}</ref>		Despite his role and heroic feats in 1965 war, his role in the Navy was less known and was hardly recognised in the Navy.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2015">{{cite news\|last1=Anwar\|first1=Omar\|title='The forgotten hero'\|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1208763\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|work=DAWN.COM\|agency=Dawn newspapers\|publisher=Dawn newspapers, 2015\|date=23 September 2015\|location=Karachi\|language=en-pk}}</ref> He was unknown to the public, and it was not until 1990s when the ISPR highlighted his role as a war hero when releasing the telefilm bearing the same name of operation that was aired on the [[Shalimar Television Network\|STN]]; his role was played by [[Talat Hussain (actor)\|Talat Hussain]] in the 1990s.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2015"/><ref name="ISPR Films">{{cite web\|title=Operation Dwarka\|url=http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x358cbb\|website=Dailymotion\|publisher=ISPR Films\|accessdate=19 August 2017\|date=7 September 2015\|orig-year=1993}}</ref>

->Cewbot: Fix broken anchor: 2019-04-14 #Commands⇝Pakistan Navy#Naval Commands in Field and Commanders

2022-01-01T14:35:05Z

Fix broken anchor: 2019-04-14 #Commands⇝Pakistan Navy#Naval Commands in Field and Commanders

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix =
| name =Sheikh Mohammad Anwar
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name =Shiekh Mohammad Anwar
| other_name =
| nickname =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1920|09|20}}
| birth_place =[[Lahore]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire|British India]] {{small|(Now Punjab in Pakistan)}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1979|01|24|1920|09|19}}
| death_place =[[Karachi]], [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]]
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| allegiance ={{flag icon|British India}} [[British Indian Empire|British India]] {{small|(1920–47)}} {{PAK}} {{small|(1947–79)}}
| branch =[[File:Naval Jack of Pakistan.svg|20px]] [[Pakistan Navy]]
| serviceyears =1941–1977
| serviceyears_label =
| rank =[[File:Commodore insignia full.jpg|10px]][[File:US-O7 insignia.svg|15px]] [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]]
| rank_label =
| servicenumber =PN No. 24
| unit =Naval Operations Branch
| commands =[[Pakistan Navy#Naval Commands in Field and Commanders|Commander Pakistan Fleet]] [[Pakistan Marines]] [[Operation Dwarka|25th Destroyer Squadron]] [[Pakistan Merchant Navy]]
| battles_label =
| battles =[[World War II]] 
*{{small|([[Burma Campaign 1942–43|First Burma campaign]])}} [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965]]
*{{small|([[Operation Dwarka]])}}
| awards =[[File:Legion of Merit ribbon.svg|30px]][[Legion of Merit]] [[File:Star*.svg|15px]][[Sitara-i-Khidmat]]
| memorials =
| spouse = 
| relations =
| children =
| laterwork =
| signature =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| website = 
| module =
}}
[[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]] '''Sheikh Mohammad Anwar''' {{small|[[Legion of Merit|LOM]], [[Sitara-i-Khidmat|SK]]}} ({{lang-ur|شيخ محمد انور}} ; 19 September 1920 – 24 January 1977),<ref name="ISPR (Facebook)">{{cite web|last1=ISPR|first1=Navy|title=Pakistan Navy-Official page|url=https://www.facebook.com/PakistanNavyPage/photos/a.212188338827793.47912.211341692245791/1138129902900294/?type=3|website=www.facebook.com|publisher=ISPR (Facebook)|accessdate=19 August 2017|location=Islamabad, Pakistan|language=en-pk|date=8 September 2016}}</ref> popularly known as '''SM Anwar''', was a [[One-star rank|one-star]] rank admiral in the [[Pakistan Navy]] who is known for his role as [[officer in tactical command]] of the 25th Destroyer Squadron that [[Operation Somnath|attack and raided]] the radar station in [[Dwarka]] in [[Gujarat, India|Gujarat]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|second war]] with India in 1965.

Despite his feat, Anwar's accomplishment in the Navy was not well known. He died in [[Karachi]] in 1977. It was only in 1990s when his role as war hero was highlighted when [[Inter-Services Public Relations|ISPR]] released the [[telefilm]] of [[Operation Dwarka|same name of operation]]. After much literary criticism by media and veterans, his achievements were recognized in 2010s.

==Biography==

Sheikh Mohammad Anwar was born in [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire|India]], on 12 September 1920.{{rp|6}}<ref name="Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.">{{cite book|title=Port of Karachi Magazine|date=1968|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=1920|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en}}</ref> After his matriculation, he was educated at the [[Forman Christian College University]] in [[Lahore]], graduating in 1940.{{rp|25}}<ref name="Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust., 1969">{{cite journal|title=Port of Karachi Magazine|journal=15|date=1969|volume=Port of Karachi Magazine|issue=16|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=1920|accessdate=19 August 2017|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.|language=en}}</ref>

He joined and [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] in the [[Royal Indian Navy (1612–1950)|Royal Indian Navy]] as a [[Sub Lieutenant|Sub-Lieutenant]] in 1941, and briefly served in World War II's [[Burma Campaign 1942–43|Burma theatre]] in 1942–43.{{rp|6–7}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Excerpts II|year = 1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=PARBHAVATI&pg=RA1-PA6}}</ref> After the [[Partition of India|India's partition]] that resulted in the [[independence of Pakistan]] on 14 August 1947, [[Lieutenant|Lt]] Anwar joined the [[Pakistan Navy]], and was directed to attend the [[U.S. Naval War College|Naval War College]] in [[Rhodes Island]], United States, in 1958.<ref>{{cite book|title=Excerpts III|year = 1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=War+college&pg=PA60|accessdate=19 August 2017}}</ref> After graduating from the Naval War College in 1959, [[Commander (rank)|Cdr.]] Anwar served as an [[exchange officer]] in the [[United States Navy]]'s [[Surface warfare insignia|surface warships]] for two months.<ref name="Excerpts IV">{{cite book|title=Excerpts IV|date=1969|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=War+college&pg=RA1-PA6|accessdate=19 August 2017}}</ref> In 1960, [[Commander (rank)|Cdr]] Anwar served as base commander for the [[Pakistan Naval Academy|PNS Bahadur]], a training establishment.<ref name="Excerpts IV"/>

In 1962, [[Captain (naval)|Capt.]] Anwar was appointed by the [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) for a diplomatic assignment, and briefly tenured as [[Naval attache|naval attaché]] at the [[Embassy of Pakistan, Washington, D.C.|Embassy of Pakistan]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] in the United States until 1964.{{rp|38}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=State|first1=United States Dept of|title=Diplomatic List|date=1962|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AxIgAAAAMAAJ&q=Captain++SM+Anwar|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en}}</ref>

In 1965, Anwar was appointed as senior [[Fleet Commander|fleet commander]] when he took over the command of the [[Pakistan Navy#Naval Commands in Field and Commanders|Pakistan Fleet]] (COMPAK).<ref name="« PakDef Military Consortium, 2003">{{cite web|last1=Shabbir|first1=Usman|title=1965 War|url=http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/|website=pakdef.org|publisher=« PakDef Military Consortium|access-date=19 August 2017|location=Karachi, Pk|language=en-pk|date=June 2003|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330222928/http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/|archive-date=30 March 2014|df=}}</ref> During the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|second war]] with India in 1965, Cdre. Anwar was the [[officer in tactical command]] of the 25th Destroyer Squadron who led the [[Operation Somnath|attack and raid]] radar station used by the [[Indian Air Force]] in [[Dwarka]], [[Gujarat]] in India.<ref name="« PakDef Military Consortium, 2003"/>{{rp|83}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Roy">{{cite book|last1=Roy|first1=Mihir K.|title=War in the Indian Ocean|date=1995|publisher=Lancer Publishers|location=Delhi,India|isbn=9781897829110|pages=290|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tqr8r7EB18wC&q=commodore+SM+Anwar&pg=PA83|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en-gb|chapter-format=google books|chapter=Trumps and Aces}}</ref>

In 1968, the United States honoured him with their highest military award, the [[Legion of Merit]], presented by then-[[United States Ambassador to Pakistan|U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan]] [[Eugene M. Locke|Eugene Locke]].{{rp|39}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan|date=1966|publisher=Pakistan Herald Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f3ccAQAAMAAJ&q=Commodore+SM+Anwar+legion|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en}}</ref>{{rp|25}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Excerpt VI|date=1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=legion&pg=PA25}}</ref> In 1969, he was appointed as chairman of [[Karachi Port Trust]] which he remained until 1970.<ref>{{cite book|title=Port of Karachi Magazine|date=1969|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=SM+Anwar+|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en}}</ref>

In 1971, Cdre. Anwar served in the command of the [[Pakistan Marines|Marines Corps]] for a short period, and was later appointed as [[commandant]] of the [[Pakistan Marine Academy]] until 1975.<ref name="Pakistan Marine Academy">{{cite web|last1=Khawaja|first1=Hammad|title=Pakistan Marine Academy|url=http://www.macoba.org/?author=1|website=www.macoba.org|publisher=Pakistan Marine Academy|accessdate=19 August 2017}}</ref>

Despite his role and heroic feats in 1965 war, his role in the Navy was less known and was hardly recognised in the Navy.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2015">{{cite news|last1=Anwar|first1=Omar|title='The forgotten hero'|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1208763|accessdate=19 August 2017|work=DAWN.COM|agency=Dawn newspapers|publisher=Dawn newspapers, 2015|date=23 September 2015|location=Karachi|language=en-pk}}</ref> He was unknown to the public, and it was not until 1990s when the ISPR highlighted his role as a war hero when releasing the telefilm bearing the same name of operation that was aired on the [[Shalimar Television Network|STN]]; his role was played by [[Talat Hussain (actor)|Talat Hussain]] in the 1990s.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2015"/><ref name="ISPR Films">{{cite web|title=Operation Dwarka|url=http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x358cbb|website=Dailymotion|publisher=ISPR Films|accessdate=19 August 2017|date=7 September 2015|orig-year=1993}}</ref>

His death also went unnoticed in 1977, and it was only in 2016, when the Pakistan Navy officially recognised his services on their official page on [[Facebook]].<ref name="ISPR (Facebook)"/>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Military of Pakistan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anwar, S. M.}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Lahore]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Forman Christian College alumni]]
[[Category:Royal Indian Navy officers]]
[[Category:Indian military personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Naval War College alumni]]
[[Category:Pakistan Navy officers]]
[[Category:Military personnel of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]
[[Category:Foreign recipients of the Legion of Merit]]
[[Category:Pakistan Navy admirals]]
[[Category:Pakistan Marines]]
[[Category:Pakistan Merchant Navy]]
[[Category:Admirals of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]