S.V. Ghate - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 07:11, 20 December 2021
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	\| native_name_lang =		\| native_name_lang =
	\| honorific-suffix =		\| honorific-suffix =
	\| image = ~~SV GHATE.jpg~~		\| image =
	\| imagesize = 200px		\| imagesize = 200px
	\| office = General Secretary of the<br>[[Communist Party of India]]		\| office = General Secretary of the<br>[[Communist Party of India]]
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	\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|1896\|12\|14\|df=y}}		\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|1896\|12\|14\|df=y}}
	\| birth_place = [[Mangalore]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj\|British India]]		\| birth_place = [[Mangalore]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj\|British India]]
	\| death_date = {{Death-date and age\|28 November 1970\|December 14, 1896}}		\| death_date = {{Death-date and age\|28 November 1970\|December 14 1896}}
	\| death_place = [[New Delhi, India]]		\| death_place = [[New Delhi, India]]
	\| occupation = Freedom fighter		\| occupation = Freedom fighter
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	=== Early life ===		=== Early life ===
	S.V. Ghate was raised in Mangalore in a [[Marathi people\|Maharashtrian]] [[Karhade Brahmin]] family in [[Mangalore]]. With the assistance of his older brother, he attended [[St. Aloysius College (Mangalore)\|St Aloysius College]] in Mangalore.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Kooiman\|first=Dick\|date=July 19, 1980\|title=Bombay Communists and the 1924 Textile Strike\|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4368873\|journal=Economic and Political Weekly\|volume=15\|pages=1228–1229\|via=JSTOR}}</ref>		S.V. Ghate was raised in Mangalore in a [[Marathi people\|Maharashtrian]] [[Karhade Brahmin]] family in [[Mangalore]]. With the assistance of his older brother, he attended [[St. Aloysius College (Mangalore)\|St Aloysius College]] in Mangalore.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Kooiman\|first=Dick\|date=July 19, 1980\|title=Bombay Communists and the 1924 Textile Strike\|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4368873\|journal=Economic and Political Weekly\|volume=15\|issue=29\|pages=1228–1229\|jstor=4368873\|via=JSTOR}}</ref> He is quoted as saying that his reading of "Indian philosophy, including [[Ramakrishna]] [[Paramahamsa]], and [[Swami Vivekananda\|Vivekananda]]" were influential in his becoming a Communist stating, "The main thing in all the topics in philosophy is service of people."<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Hesse\|first=Patrick\|date=July 25, 2015\|title="To the Masses." Communism and Religion in North India, 1920–47\|url=https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/18452/20068/dissertation_hesse_patrick.pdf\|journal=Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin\|pages=83}}</ref>

	=== General Secretary of the Communist Party of India ===		=== General Secretary of the Communist Party of India ===
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	=== Meerut Conspiracy Case ===		=== Meerut Conspiracy Case ===
	In 1929, he was jailed in the [[Meerut Conspiracy Case]].<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Windmiller\|first=Marshall\|date=July 29, 2011\|title=Communism in India\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PAFBW743Bi4C~~&pg=PA561&lpg=PA561~~&dq=Sachchidanand+Vishnu+Ghate#v=~~onepage~~\|publisher=University of California Press\|via=Google Books}}</ref>		In 1929, he was jailed in the [[Meerut Conspiracy Case]].<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Windmiller\|first=Marshall\|date=July 29, 2011\|title=Communism in India\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PAFBW743Bi4C&dq=Sachchidanand+Vishnu+Ghate&pg=PA561\|publisher=University of California Press\|via=Google Books}}</ref>

	While in jail, Ghate was the leader of the Camp No. II prisoners, which included about 200 prisoners, mostly Sikhs, and about 160 Communists and 30 socialists. When Ghate was jailed, [[Gangadhar Adhikari]] became the General Secretary of CPI. Next, when Adhikari was jailed, the CPI was forced underground. After going underground for several years, it successfully reorganised and [[PC Joshi]] took the reigns in 1935 as General Secretary.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Noorani\|first=A.G.\|date=December 30, 2011\|title=Of Stalin, Telangana & Indian revolution\|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/article30178283.ece\|journal=Frontline\|volume=28}}</ref>		While in jail, Ghate was the leader of the Camp No. II prisoners, which included about 200 prisoners, mostly Sikhs, and about 160 Communists and 30 socialists. When Ghate was jailed, [[Gangadhar Adhikari]] became the General Secretary of CPI. Next, when Adhikari was jailed, the CPI was forced underground. After going underground for several years, it successfully reorganised and [[PC Joshi]] took the reigns in 1935 as General Secretary.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Noorani\|first=A.G.\|date=December 30, 2011\|title=Of Stalin, Telangana & Indian revolution\|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/article30178283.ece\|journal=Frontline\|volume=28}}</ref>
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	While working in Mangalore in 1934, workers from [[Kannur]] were influenced by Ghate and [[Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay]], the two prominent Mangalorean socialists, to form the Kannur Beedi Thozhilali Union (KBTU).<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Franke\|first=Richard\|title=Democracy at Work in an Indian Industrial Cooperative: The Story of Kerala Dinesh Beedi\|publisher=Cornell University Press\|date=May 31, 2018\|isbn=9781501717550\|pages=33\|chapter=The Story of Kerala Dinesh Beedi}}</ref>		While working in Mangalore in 1934, workers from [[Kannur]] were influenced by Ghate and [[Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay]], the two prominent Mangalorean socialists, to form the Kannur Beedi Thozhilali Union (KBTU).<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Franke\|first=Richard\|title=Democracy at Work in an Indian Industrial Cooperative: The Story of Kerala Dinesh Beedi\|publisher=Cornell University Press\|date=May 31, 2018\|isbn=9781501717550\|pages=33\|chapter=The Story of Kerala Dinesh Beedi}}</ref>

	In 1935, CPI adopted a [[Popular front\|Popular Front]] strategy to ally themselves with other anti-colonial agitators. In 1936, Ghate sought to develop the Communist Party in the [[Madras Presidency]]. When he reached Madras in 1936, he met with and sought to unite political leaders, including [[Malayapuram Singaravelu]], [[V. Subbiah]], [[P. Jeevanandham]], [[K. Murugesan Anandan]], [[B Srinivasa Rao]], and [[Puchalapalli Sundarayya]]. At that time, Ghate came to an agreement with [[Puran Chand Joshi]] and [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] that the CPI and [[Congress Socialist Party]] workers should join forces, and personally promised Narain to work to bring up CSP.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Bose\|first=K\|title=Forward Bloc In Tamil Nadu - A Political Study\|publisher=University of Madras\|~~year~~=February 1985\|location=Madras\|pages=32–33}}</ref> At that time, became the editor of ''[[New Age Weekly\|New Age]]''.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Sagar\|first=Rahul\|title=New Age (Communist Party of India)\|url=https://www.ideasofindia.org/project/new-age-cpi/\|access-date=August 30, 2020\|website=Ideas of India}}</ref>		In 1935, CPI adopted a [[Popular front\|Popular Front]] strategy to ally themselves with other anti-colonial agitators. In 1936, Ghate sought to develop the Communist Party in the [[Madras Presidency]]. When he reached Madras in 1936, he met with and sought to unite political leaders, including [[Malayapuram Singaravelu]], [[V. Subbiah]], [[P. Jeevanandham]], [[K. Murugesan Anandan]], [[B Srinivasa Rao]], and [[Puchalapalli Sundarayya]]. At that time, Ghate came to an agreement with [[Puran Chand Joshi]] and [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] that the CPI and [[Congress Socialist Party]] workers should join forces, and personally promised Narain to work to bring up CSP.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Bose\|first=K\|title=Forward Bloc In Tamil Nadu - A Political Study\|publisher=University of Madras\|date=February 1985\|location=Madras\|pages=32–33}}</ref> At that time, became the editor of ''[[New Age Weekly\|New Age]]''.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Sagar\|first=Rahul\|title=New Age (Communist Party of India)\|url=https://www.ideasofindia.org/project/new-age-cpi/\|access-date=August 30, 2020\|website=Ideas of India}}</ref>

	Later on, in 1937, Ghate went to Kerala, where he participated in the formation of the state's first Communist cell.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Jeffrey\|first=Robin\|date=November 1978\|title=Matriliny, Marxism, and the Birth of the Communist Party in Kerala, 1930-1940\|journal=The Journal of Asian Studies\|volume=38\|issue=1\|pages=77–98\|doi=10.2307/2054238\|jstor=2054238}}</ref> Ghate, the national Communist leader, provided the requisite support for state activists [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]], [[P. Krishna Pillai]], [[K. Damodaran]], [[N.C. Sekhar]] to form the first Communist cell in the state.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Pinarayi\|first=Vijayan\|date=April 2015\|title=Welcome Address\|url=https://cpim.org/content/address-p-vijayan\|access-date=August 30, 2020\|website=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}</ref>		Later on, in 1937, Ghate went to Kerala, where he participated in the formation of the state's first Communist cell.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Jeffrey\|first=Robin\|date=November 1978\|title=Matriliny, Marxism, and the Birth of the Communist Party in Kerala, 1930-1940\|journal=The Journal of Asian Studies\|volume=38\|issue=1\|pages=77–98\|doi=10.2307/2054238\|jstor=2054238}}</ref> Ghate, the national Communist leader, provided the requisite support for state activists [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]], [[P. Krishna Pillai]], [[K. Damodaran]], [[N.C. Sekhar]] to form the first Communist cell in the state.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Pinarayi\|first=Vijayan\|date=April 2015\|title=Welcome Address\|url=https://cpim.org/content/address-p-vijayan\|access-date=August 30, 2020\|website=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}</ref>

	In March 1939, he was ordered to leave [[Chennai\|Madras]] and reside within [[Mangalore]] city limits. Despite complying with the order, in 1944 he was arrested and detained.<ref>{{Cite news\|date=March 25, 2014\|title=Seventy years ago: ~~‘Habeas Corpus’~~ prayer dismissed\|work=Dawn\|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1095445/seventy-years-ago-habeas-corpus-prayer-dismissed\|access-date=August 30, 2020}}</ref>		In March 1939, he was ordered to leave [[Chennai\|Madras]] and reside within [[Mangalore]] city limits. Despite complying with the order, in 1944 he was arrested and detained.<ref>{{Cite news\|date=March 25, 2014\|title=Seventy years ago: 'Habeas Corpus' prayer dismissed\|work=Dawn\|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1095445/seventy-years-ago-habeas-corpus-prayer-dismissed\|access-date=August 30, 2020}}</ref> Upon his arrest, he was transported to [[Deoli, Rajasthan\|Deoli]] Detention jail where he was held with other prominent Communists who had interfered with the British. [[S.S. Mirajkar]] is quoted as saying, "When Ghate was taken away, [[Gangadhar Adhikari\|Adhikari]] became secretary. When Adhikari was taken away, I was made secretary and I continued for some time till I disappeared from the scene."<ref>{{Cite news\|last=Noorani\|first=A.G.\|date=May 4, 2012\|title=Making of a Thesis\|work=Frontline\|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30165459.ece\|access-date=October 25, 2021}}</ref>
			[[File:Indian Communists meeting Kerala.jpg\|thumb\|Hindu Communists S.V. Ghate (standing L) and [[M. N. Govindan Nair]] (standing C), at the meeting of Indian Communists.]]

	== The Three Ps Document ==		== The Three Ps Document ==
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	== Political Views ==		== Political Views ==
	Ghate, Dange, ~~and other CPI leaders~~ whose base was with the working class and trade unions advocated for an end to the violent [[Telangana Rebellion]] and for participation in general elections.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Singh\|first=Vijay\|date=April 2015\|title=Document on the Tactical Line of Communist Party of India\|url=https://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv21n1/introcpitactics.htm\|journal=Revolutionary Democracy\|volume=21}}</ref>		CPI leaders, including Ghate and Dange, whose base was with the working class and trade unions advocated for an end to the violent [[Telangana Rebellion]] and for participation in general elections.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Singh\|first=Vijay\|date=April 2015\|title=Document on the Tactical Line of Communist Party of India\|url=https://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv21n1/introcpitactics.htm\|journal=Revolutionary Democracy\|volume=21}}</ref>

			== Personal Life ==
			Ghate is the uncle of the founder-president and former General Secretary of [[Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh]], [[Prabhakar Ghate]]<ref>{{Cite news\|last=Special Correspondent\|date=August 17, 2018\|title='Vajpayee acted as he preached'\|work=The Hindu\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/vajpayee-acted-as-he-preached/article24710349.ece\|access-date=October 25, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news\|date=September 11, 2005\|title=Former BMS Gen Secy Ghate passes away\|work=Zee News\|url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/former-bms-gen-secy-ghate-passes-away_240978.html\|access-date=October 25, 2021}}</ref> and grand-uncle of Karnataka-state [[Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha]] General Secretary and Magnum Intergrafiks founder and Managing Director, [[Sudhir Ghate]].<ref>{{Cite news\|last=Special Correspondent\|date=October 22, 2021\|title=Magnum founder Sudhir Ghate passes away\|work=The Hindu\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/magnum-founder-sudhir-ghate-passes-away/article37125714.ece\|access-date=October 25, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news\|last=PTI\|date=October 22, 2021\|title=Magnum founder Sudhir Ghate dies in Mangaluru\|work=The Indian Express\|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/magnum-founder-bjp-leader-sudhir-ghate-dies-mangaluru-7586278/\|access-date=October 25, 2021}}</ref>

	== References ==		== References ==

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Created page with "{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}} {{Short description|First General secretary of the Communist party of India}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = | name..."

New page

{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Short description|First General secretary of the Communist party of India}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Sachchidanand Vishnu Ghate
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| honorific-suffix =
| image = SV GHATE.jpg
| imagesize = 200px
| office = General Secretary of the<br>[[Communist Party of India]]
| predecessor = Position Created
| successor = [[Gangadhar Adhikari]]
| term_start = 1925
| term_end = 1933
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1896|12|14|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mangalore]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{Death-date and age|28 November 1970|December 14, 1896}}
| death_place = [[New Delhi, India]]
| occupation = Freedom fighter
| party = [[Communist Party of India]]
}}

'''Sachchidanand Vishnu Ghate''' (December 14, 1896 – November 28, 1970), also known as S.V. Ghate,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6fdNuQAACAAJ|title=S. V. Ghate: Our First General Secretary: A Memorial Volume|first=Sachchidanand Vishnu|last=Ghate|date=July 29, 1971|publisher=Communist Party Publication|via=Google Books}}</ref> was a freedom fighter and first [[General secretary|General Secretary]] of the [[Communist Party of India]].<ref name=na2021-01>''SV Ghate: First General Secretary of CPI'', in ''[[New Age Weekly]]''. No. 69, 2021. pp. 11-12</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article508.html|title=Remembering S.V. Ghate - Mainstream Weekly|website=www.mainstreamweekly.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cpim.org/history/kanpur-communist-conference-december-1926|title=Kanpur Communist Conference (December 1926)|date=April 28, 2015|website=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}</ref> The Communist Party of India Karnataka State headquarters, Ghate Bhavan, is named in his honor.<ref>{{Cite web|last=IPA Staff|date=December 27, 2019|title=Jharkhand Defeat Is A Definite Shift - India Press Agency|url=https://ipanewspack.com/2019/12/27/jharkhand-defeat-is-a-definite-shift/|access-date=2020-08-20|website=IPA Newspack|language=en}}</ref>

== Biography ==

=== Early life ===
S.V. Ghate was raised in Mangalore in a [[Marathi people|Maharashtrian]] [[Karhade Brahmin]] family in [[Mangalore]]. With the assistance of his older brother, he attended [[St. Aloysius College (Mangalore)|St Aloysius College]] in Mangalore.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kooiman|first=Dick|date=July 19, 1980|title=Bombay Communists and the 1924 Textile Strike|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4368873|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=15|pages=1228–1229|via=JSTOR}}</ref>

=== General Secretary of the Communist Party of India ===
In December 1925 the [[1925 Kanpur Communist Conference|first Communist Conference of India]] was held at [[Kanpur]] with the leadership of [[Satya Bhakta]] that an amalgamation of many small left-wing parties allowed for the founding of an all-India organisation under the name of the “Communist Party of India”.

During the first Communist Conference in India held at Kanpur in December 1925, there was a debate among the leaders on the appropriate name for the party. While Satya Bhakta opined that the party was to be named “Indian Communist Party”, other leaders such as S.V. Ghate, [[K.N. Joglekar]], R.S. Nimbkar stressed that the general international norm was that it was called the Communist Party of this country or that country, hence, insisted that the party should be called the “Communist Party of India”.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Noorani|first=A.G.|date=May 18, 2012|title=Origins of Indian Communism|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30165649.ece|journal=Frontline|volume=28}}</ref> As a result of this, Satya Bhakta formed a separate party and called it the “National Communist Party” and the party was officially announced as the “Communist Party of India”. Finally, on December 26, 1925, the [[Communist Party of India]] was formed and Ghate was chosen as the first General Secretary.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chandra|first=Bipin|title=India's Struggle for Independence 1857-1947|publisher=Penguin Books|date=9 August 2016|isbn=9788184751833|pages=295}}</ref>

In 1927, Ghate became the first Communist to be elected as an [[All India Trade Union Congress]] (AITUC) office bearer during the Kanpur session. Ghate's accession to AITUC signalled a shift in the organisation's philosophy. Gradually, the Communist faction gained further influence over the organisation and were successful in reorienting it toward their ideology.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dinesh|first=Sharma|date=2002|title=Anti congressism and nation building with special reference to post independence period|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/167407/7/07_chapter%203.pdf|journal=Department of Political Science T.D. College Jaunpur|pages=116–117|via=Shodhganga}}</ref>

When the Communist Party purchased an old military jeep from the Indian Army, Ghate would pick up Party staff and leaders and transport them to the Communist Party's Central Office. His fellow Communist Party members, including [[Chandra Rajeswara Rao]], dubbed this jeep the GTS, or Ghate Transportation Service.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Balakrishnan|first=P.K.|date=June 14, 2014|title=Com CR: A Fearless Warrior of Indian Revolution|url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article4986.html|access-date=August 20, 2020|website=Mainstream Weekly}}</ref>

===Workers’ and Peasants' Party (WPP)===
{{main|Workers and Peasants Party}}
Ghate and colleagues transformed the Socialist Group within the Congress into a WPP in 1927, with [[S. S. Mirajkar]] as the general secretary, and soon spread to other provinces. Ghate also initiated Young Workers’ League. He played a crucial role in the Boycott Simon Commission movement of 1927-28. It was an upsurge in Bombay, and the Commission had to by-
pass Bombay on way to Poona. Seven
effigies were burnt for seven members of
the Commission. More than 50 thousand
people came out in a historic procession led
by the WPP.
Ghate and Mirajkar met [[Shapurji Saklatvala]] when he came to Bombay in January 1927, and organized a huge public
reception in his honour.
Ghate was in-charge of one of the centres of Girni Kamgar Union (GKU) during
the historic textile strike of 1928. He along
with Dange, Joglekar, NM Joshi and others was a member of the Central Strike Committee.
The all India conference of WPP was held
in Albert Hall, Calcutta in December, 1928.
Ghate played a central role. WPP also
brought out a massive demonstration before the Congress pandal, demanding
acceptance of resolution on full independence. Communist Party also held its meetings under his guidance.

=== Meerut Conspiracy Case ===
In 1929, he was jailed in the [[Meerut Conspiracy Case]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Windmiller|first=Marshall|date=July 29, 2011|title=Communism in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PAFBW743Bi4C&pg=PA561&lpg=PA561&dq=Sachchidanand+Vishnu+Ghate#v=onepage|publisher=University of California Press|via=Google Books}}</ref>

While in jail, Ghate was the leader of the Camp No. II prisoners, which included about 200 prisoners, mostly Sikhs, and about 160 Communists and 30 socialists. When Ghate was jailed, [[Gangadhar Adhikari]] became the General Secretary of CPI. Next, when Adhikari was jailed, the CPI was forced underground. After going underground for several years, it successfully reorganised and [[PC Joshi]] took the reigns in 1935 as General Secretary.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Noorani|first=A.G.|date=December 30, 2011|title=Of Stalin, Telangana & Indian revolution|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/article30178283.ece|journal=Frontline|volume=28}}</ref>
[[File:Meerut prisoners outside the jail.jpg|350px|thumb|'''Portrait of 25 of the [[Meerut]] Prisoners taken outside the jail. Back row (left to right): [[K. N. Sehgal]], [[Sohan Singh Josh|S. S. Josh]], [[Lester Hutchinson|H. L. Hutchinson]], [[Shaukat Usmani]], [[Benjamin Francis Bradley|B. F. Bradley]], [[A. Prasad]], [[Philip Spratt|P. Spratt]], [[G. Adhikari]]. Middle Row: [[Radharaman Mitra]], [[Gopen Chakravarti]], [[Kishori Lal Ghosh]], [[L. R. Kadam]], [[D. R. Thengdi]], [[Goura Shanker]], [[Shibnath Bannerjee|S. Bannerjee]], [[K.N. Joglekar]], [[P. C. Joshi]], [[Muzaffar Ahmed (politician)|Muzaffar Ahmed]]. Front Row: [[M. G. Desai]], [[Dharani Goswami|D. Goswami]], [[R.S. Nimbkar]], [[S.S. Mirajkar]], [[S.A. Dange]], [[Sachchidanand Vishnu Ghate|S.V. Ghate]], [[Gopal Basak]].''']]

=== Later political activities ===
While working in Mangalore in 1934, workers from [[Kannur]] were influenced by Ghate and [[Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay]], the two prominent Mangalorean socialists, to form the Kannur Beedi Thozhilali Union (KBTU).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Franke|first=Richard|title=Democracy at Work in an Indian Industrial Cooperative: The Story of Kerala Dinesh Beedi|publisher=Cornell University Press|date=May 31, 2018|isbn=9781501717550|pages=33|chapter=The Story of Kerala Dinesh Beedi}}</ref>

In 1935, CPI adopted a [[Popular front|Popular Front]] strategy to ally themselves with other anti-colonial agitators. In 1936, Ghate sought to develop the Communist Party in the [[Madras Presidency]]. When he reached Madras in 1936, he met with and sought to unite political leaders, including [[Malayapuram Singaravelu]], [[V. Subbiah]], [[P. Jeevanandham]], [[K. Murugesan Anandan]], [[B Srinivasa Rao]], and [[Puchalapalli Sundarayya]]. At that time, Ghate came to an agreement with [[Puran Chand Joshi]] and [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] that the CPI and [[Congress Socialist Party]] workers should join forces, and personally promised Narain to work to bring up CSP.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bose|first=K|title=Forward Bloc In Tamil Nadu - A Political Study|publisher=University of Madras|year=February 1985|location=Madras|pages=32–33}}</ref> At that time, became the editor of ''[[New Age Weekly|New Age]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sagar|first=Rahul|title=New Age (Communist Party of India)|url=https://www.ideasofindia.org/project/new-age-cpi/|access-date=August 30, 2020|website=Ideas of India}}</ref>

Later on, in 1937, Ghate went to Kerala, where he participated in the formation of the state's first Communist cell.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jeffrey|first=Robin|date=November 1978|title=Matriliny, Marxism, and the Birth of the Communist Party in Kerala, 1930-1940|journal=The Journal of Asian Studies|volume=38|issue=1|pages=77–98|doi=10.2307/2054238|jstor=2054238}}</ref> Ghate, the national Communist leader, provided the requisite support for state activists [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]], [[P. Krishna Pillai]], [[K. Damodaran]], [[N.C. Sekhar]] to form the first Communist cell in the state.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pinarayi|first=Vijayan|date=April 2015|title=Welcome Address|url=https://cpim.org/content/address-p-vijayan|access-date=August 30, 2020|website=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}</ref>

In March 1939, he was ordered to leave [[Chennai|Madras]] and reside within [[Mangalore]] city limits. Despite complying with the order, in 1944 he was arrested and detained.<ref>{{Cite news|date=March 25, 2014|title=Seventy years ago: ‘Habeas Corpus’ prayer dismissed|work=Dawn|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1095445/seventy-years-ago-habeas-corpus-prayer-dismissed|access-date=August 30, 2020}}</ref>

== The Three Ps Document ==
The Communist Party underwent a period of turmoil and dysfunction during which time leaders were put in jail and the organisation was forced to operate underground. During this tumultuous period, Ghate and his fellow leaders sought to unify the party. Writing under pseudonyms, Ghate, [[Shripad Amrit Dange]], and [[Ajoy Ghosh]] — Purushottam, Prabodh Candra, and Prakash, respectively — released the "Three Ps Document" on September 30, 1950. The document sought to unify a party that had been brought to the brink of annihilation. It was written in opposition to both [[B. T. Ranadive|B. T. Ranadive's]] [[2nd Congress of the Communist Party of India#New party line|Ranadive Line]], which sought to emulate the Russian [[Zhdanov Doctrine]], and the [[Srikakulam peasant uprising#Origin|Andhra Thesis]], which advocated emulating the [[Communist Party of China]]'s path.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Joshi|first=P. C.|date=December 25, 2007|title=Remembering S.V. Ghate|url=https://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article508.html|journal=Mainstream Weekly|volume=46}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Lockwood|first=David|title=The Communist Party of India and the Indian Emergency|publisher=SAGE Publications India|year=2016|isbn=9789351505778}}</ref>

As the Three Ps Document put it, "The old leadership talked about the 'Russian way', the new leadership talks about [the] 'Chinese way'. The older leadership talked about 'revolutionary upsurge', the new leadership talks about 'civil war' ... Neither bothered to understand and analyse the situation in our own country." Instead, the Three Ps Document proposed an Indian path that took into account the local conditions and circumstances of India.<ref name=":0" />

== Political Views ==
Ghate, Dange, and other CPI leaders whose base was with the working class and trade unions advocated for an end to the violent [[Telangana Rebellion]] and for participation in general elections.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Singh|first=Vijay|date=April 2015|title=Document on the Tactical Line of Communist Party of India|url=https://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv21n1/introcpitactics.htm|journal=Revolutionary Democracy|volume=21}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian trade unionists]]