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{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=SaoGabriel.png
|Ship caption=''São Gabriel'' is on the bottom right. This depiction from about 1558 also shows ''São Rafael'' (top) and ''Bérrio.''
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=[[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]]
|Ship flag=[[File:Flag Portugal (1495).svg|60px]]
|Ship name=''São Gabriel''
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=[[Bartolomeu Dias]]
|Ship original cost=
|Ship laid down=
|Ship launched=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=1497
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service=1497-1499
|Ship out of service=
|Ship renamed=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship honours=
|Ship captured=
|Ship fate=unknown
|Ship status=
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=[[Carrack]]
|Ship tons burthen=~ 100 t
|Ship length={{convert|25.7|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|8.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught=
|Ship draft={{convert|2.3|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship hold depth=
|Ship propulsion=sail
|Ship sail plan=
|Ship complement=~60
|Ship armament=20 guns
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

'''''São Gabriel''''' was the [[flagship]] of [[Vasco da Gama]]'s [[Naval fleet|armada]] on his first voyage to [[India]] in 1497–1499.

==The other three ships==
Velho indicated that the sources agreed that the armada contained four ships, but there was disagreement about the names. These were the other three ships according to him:<ref name=velho>{{cite book| title=A journal of the first voyage of Vasco da Gama, 1497-1499 |author=Alvaro Velho| pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_13stAAAAMAAJ_2/page/n202 157]–177|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_13stAAAAMAAJ_2| quote=S o Gabriel da gama. | publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]] |year=1898}}</ref>
* '''''São Rafael''''': The sister ship of ''São Gabriel'', built by the same builder at the same time for the same purpose. It was of similar dimensions as ''São Gabriel''. [[Paulo da Gama]], Vasco's brother, was the captain, other people include João de Coimbra, pilot, and João de Sá, clerk.
* '''''Bérrio''''', also known as ''São Miguel'': This [[caravel]] was named after its former owner. Only carrying [[lateen sail]]s, it was the smallest and swiftest of the convoy with a tonnage of 50–90 t. Key people were: [[Nicolau Coelho]], captain, [[Pedro Escobar]] pilot, and Álvaro de Braga, clerk.
* A supply ship, name '''''São Miguel''''': The ship was a carrack of about 110 or 200 tons with Gonçalo Nunes as captain.

==Provisions==
The provisions of the convoy were based on the expectation that the voyage would last three years; also merchandise intended for the Indian market was brought along. This merchandise included wash basins, clothes, sugar, honey, corals, glass beads and trinkets, and turned out to be neither adequate in quality nor in quantity for its purpose.<ref name=velho/><ref name=akbar>{{cite book| author=Akbar MJ| title=The Shade of Swords| pages=[https://archive.org/details/shadeofswordsjih0000akba/page/117 117–8]| publisher=Routledge, 2002| isbn=0-415-28470-8| year=2002| url=https://archive.org/details/shadeofswordsjih0000akba/page/117}}</ref> Daily rations were calculated to be 1.5 pounds [[biscuit]], 1 lb beef or 0.5 lb of pork, 2.5 [[pint]]s water, 1.25 pints wine (customary, also against [[scurvy]]), plus 0.3 [[Gill (volume)|gill]] of vinegar, and 0.6 gill of oil. On [[Fasting and abstinence in the Roman Catholic Church|fasting]] days meat was substituted by rice, fish, or cheese. Other provisions included flour, lentils, sardines, plums, almonds, garlic, mustard, salt, honey, sugar. Also, fresh fish was caught en route, and supplies were replenished in harbors including [[orange (fruit)|oranges]] (against [[scurvy]]).<ref name=velho/>

The ships also carried a number of [[padrão|padrões]], pillars of stone headed by the cross and bearing the seal of [[Portugal]] and used as markers to claim land.

==Operational history==
The armada left [[Belém (Lisbon)|Restelo]] near [[Lisbon]] on July 8, 1497. After rounding the [[Cape of Good Hope]], the armada anchored at the Aguada de São Brás ([[Mossel Bay]]) where the supply ship was broken up and its contents distributed on the others.<ref>{{cite book| title=A journal of the first voyage of Vasco da Gama, 1497-1499 |author=Alvaro Velho| pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_13stAAAAMAAJ_2/page/n55 9]–10|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_13stAAAAMAAJ_2 | publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]] |year=1898}}</ref> The three ships sailed further North along the African coast to [[Malindi]], East Africa. After crossing the [[Indian Ocean]] they reached the harbor of [[History of Kozhikode|Calicut]] at the [[Malabar coast]] in India on May 20, 1498.<ref>{{cite web| author=Deutsche Welle |language=Portuguese |url= http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,319550,00.html |title=1498: Vasco da Gama chega a Calecute|accessdate=2009-06-19}}</ref>

The return crossing of the Indian Ocean took over three months and many of the crew members got sick from scurvy and died. With a diminished crew ''São Rafael'' became superfluous; the vessel was burned at East Africa after the transfer of its crew and provisions.<ref name=diffie>{{cite book |vauthors=Diffie BW, Shafer BC, Winius GD |title=Foundations of the Portuguese empire, 1415-1580|page=184|publisher=U of Minnesota Press, 1977|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vtZtMBLJ7GgC&q=S%C3%A3o+Gabriel+gama+azores&pg=PA184|isbn=0-8166-0782-6 |year=1974}}</ref> The remaining two vessels got caught in a storm near the [[Colonial Cape Verde|Cape Verde]] islands and separated.<ref name=fleming>{{cite book | author=Fleming F | title=Off the Map | publisher=Atlantic Monthly Press, 2004 | page=[https://archive.org/details/offmap00ferg/page/50 50] | isbn=0-87113-899-9 | year=2005 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/offmap00ferg/page/50 }}</ref> At that time both ships were leaking and in poor shape.

''Bérrio'' under Nicolau Coelho's command arrived at [[Cascais]] near Lisbon on July 10, 1499,<ref name=diffie/> and ''São Gabriel'' without Gama and directed by João de Sá came in one month later.<ref Name=fleming/> Gama had left ''São Gabriel'' on its final leg and commissioned another vessel to bring him with his dying brother Paulo to the [[Azores]]<ref>{{cite book| title=A journal of the first voyage of Vasco da Gama, 1497-1499 |author=Alvaro Velho| page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_13stAAAAMAAJ_2/page/n140 94] |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_13stAAAAMAAJ_2 | publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]] |year=1898}}</ref> before he returned to Portugal in early September, 1499.

==Cultural depictions==
''São Gabriel'' is depicted in the 2011 [[Indian film]], ''[[Urumi (film)|Vasco da Gama]]''.

==References==
{{commons|Vasco da Gama}}
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sao Gabriel (Ship)}}
[[Category:Carracks]]
[[Category:Naval ships of Portugal]]
[[Category:Exploration ships]]
[[Category:Individual sailing vessels]]
[[Category:15th-century ships]]
[[Category:Age of Sail ships of Portugal]]
[[Category:History of Kerala]]
[[Category:Age of Discovery ships]]

São Gabriel (ship) - Revision history

imported>Citation bot: Alter: url. URLs might have been internationalized/anonymized. | You can use this bot yourself. Report bugs here. | Suggested by AManWithNoPlan | All pages linked from cached copy of User:AManWithNoPlan/sandbox2 | via #UCB_webform_linked 772/3680