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	<title>Russell K. Haight Jr. - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-09-07T04:02:12Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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		<updated>2022-05-01T21:12:54Z</updated>

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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 02:42, 2 May 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-notice&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
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		<author><name>Bot</name></author>
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		<updated>2022-05-01T21:12:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/User_talk:Bot&quot; title=&quot;User talk:Bot&quot;&gt;talk page&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 02:42, 2 May 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Short description|American G.I.}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Short description|American G.I.}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{orphan|date=April &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;2018&lt;/del&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{orphan|date=April &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;2022&lt;/ins&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Russell K. Haight Jr.&#039;&#039;&#039; was an American [[G.I. (military)|G.I.]] who had served as a U.S. Army Air Force sergeant during [[World War II]]. After the war, he became &quot;famous&quot; by serving as a mercenary commander of the rebel forces of [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Azad &lt;/del&gt;Kashmir]] for a few months in 1947.&amp;lt;ref name=nytimes/&amp;gt; His testimony about Pakistan&#039;s involvement in the hostilities was cited in the [[UN mediation of the Kashmir dispute|United Nations debates]] on the Kashmir dispute.&amp;lt;ref name=Menon/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Russell K. Haight Jr.&#039;&#039;&#039; was an American [[G.I. (military)|G.I.]] who had served as a U.S. Army Air Force sergeant during [[World War II]]. After the war, he became &quot;famous&quot; by serving as a mercenary commander of the rebel forces of [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Pakistan-occupied &lt;/ins&gt;Kashmir]] for a few months in 1947.&amp;lt;ref name=nytimes/&amp;gt; His testimony about Pakistan&#039;s involvement in the hostilities was cited in the [[UN mediation of the Kashmir dispute|United Nations debates]] on the Kashmir dispute.&amp;lt;ref name=Menon/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Army career==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Army career==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l12&quot;&gt;Line 12:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 12:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In [[Rawalpindi]], then the hotbed of the [[First Kashmir War]] raging in 1947, Haight ran into the British correspondent Bill Sydney Smith of the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Daily Express]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, who suggested to him that he could utilise his expertise in commanding the Pakistani tribal raiders engaged in the Kashmir War. Haight was sold on the idea.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{harvnb|Trumbull|1956|p=93}}: &amp;quot;The correspondent suggested that the raiders could use such an experienced soldier, and why didn&amp;#039;t Haight apply to the Pakistanis for a commission? Haight thought it over and decided it was a good idea.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{efn|The correspondent too evidently benefited from the enterprise, who was able to run by-lines like, &amp;quot;Brigadier Russell Haight, the American soldier of fortune fighting with the tribesmen in Kashmir&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Trumbull|1956|p=93}}}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In [[Rawalpindi]], then the hotbed of the [[First Kashmir War]] raging in 1947, Haight ran into the British correspondent Bill Sydney Smith of the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Daily Express]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, who suggested to him that he could utilise his expertise in commanding the Pakistani tribal raiders engaged in the Kashmir War. Haight was sold on the idea.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{harvnb|Trumbull|1956|p=93}}: &amp;quot;The correspondent suggested that the raiders could use such an experienced soldier, and why didn&amp;#039;t Haight apply to the Pakistanis for a commission? Haight thought it over and decided it was a good idea.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{efn|The correspondent too evidently benefited from the enterprise, who was able to run by-lines like, &amp;quot;Brigadier Russell Haight, the American soldier of fortune fighting with the tribesmen in Kashmir&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Trumbull|1956|p=93}}}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;He signed up with the [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Azad &lt;/del&gt;Kashmir]] provisional government, then based in Rawalpindi. He was given a commission as a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Captain &lt;/del&gt;and sent to the [[Historical Poonch District|Poonch]] front. After he criticised the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Azad &lt;/del&gt;Kashmir commanders there for their &quot;boy scout tactics&quot;, the government apparently promoted him to the rank of a &quot;brigadier general&quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=nytimes/&amp;gt;{{efn|The &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Azad &lt;/del&gt;Kashmir commanders&#039; demands to one up each other led to numerous new ranks being invented.}} He later claimed to have commanded 8,000 troops.&amp;lt;ref name=LIFE&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;He signed up with the [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Pakistan-occupied &lt;/ins&gt;Kashmir]] provisional government, then based in Rawalpindi. He was given a commission as a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;captain &lt;/ins&gt;and sent to the [[Historical Poonch District|Poonch]] front. After he criticised the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Pakistan-occupied &lt;/ins&gt;Kashmir commanders there for their &quot;boy scout tactics&quot;, the government apparently promoted him to the rank of a &quot;brigadier general&quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=nytimes/&amp;gt;{{efn|The &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Pakistan-occupied &lt;/ins&gt;Kashmir commanders&#039; demands to one up each other led to numerous new ranks being invented.}} He later claimed to have commanded 8,000 troops.&amp;lt;ref name=LIFE&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lVIEAAAAMBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA42&amp;amp;dq=russell+haight+kashmir&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwjR5Ii86sDrAhXCSRUIHfMuB8sQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=russell%20haight%20kashmir&amp;amp;f=false LIFE]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 16 February 1948, p.42.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lVIEAAAAMBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA42&amp;amp;dq=russell+haight+kashmir&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwjR5Ii86sDrAhXCSRUIHfMuB8sQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=russell%20haight%20kashmir&amp;amp;f=false LIFE]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 16 February 1948, p.42.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; According to a &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[New York Times]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; report by Robert Trumbull, Haight was able to successfully discharge his command by playing on the vanity of the tribesmen and exploiting their tribal rivalries.&amp;lt;ref name=nytimes/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; According to a &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[New York Times]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; report by Robert Trumbull, Haight was able to successfully discharge his command by playing on the vanity of the tribesmen and exploiting their tribal rivalries.&amp;lt;ref name=nytimes/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l32&quot;&gt;Line 32:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 32:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Ranbir |title=Major Defence Operations Since 1947 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-88322-67-1 |pages=28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kzo9wyl0AK0C }}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Ranbir |title=Major Defence Operations Since 1947 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-88322-67-1 |pages=28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kzo9wyl0AK0C }}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;According to journalist [[G. K. Reddy]], then a PR official in the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Azad &lt;/del&gt;Kashmir government, Russell K. Haight was &quot;a senior officer of the [[Office of Strategic Services|US Office of Strategic Services]] (OSS)&quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=Karanjia/&amp;gt;{{efn|The OSS was the intelligence agency of the US during World War II. It was the precursor to the modern [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]].}} He is said to have operated in &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Azad &lt;/del&gt;Kashmir under the code name &#039;[[General Tariq]]&#039;.&amp;lt;ref name=Karanjia&amp;gt;{{Cite book|last=Karanjia |first=R. K. |chapter=G. K. with Blitz |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.219756|title=Capital Witness: Selected Writings of G. K. Reddy|date=1991|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=8 1-7023-3 16-X|editor-last=Bhagyalakshmi|editor-first=J.|location=New Delhi|pages=xxii}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{efn|&#039;General Tariq&#039; was the code name assigned to the chief commander of all the rebel forces and raiders operating on behalf of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Azad &lt;/del&gt;Kashmir, as per the [[Operation Gulmarg]] plan.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;* {{citation |last=Singh |first=Sm Jasbir |title=Roar of the Tiger – Illustrated History of Operations in Kashmir by 4th Battalion The Kumaon Regt in 1965 War |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9mcXVjswUrcC&amp;amp;pg=PA129 |date=2013 |publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-93-82652-03-8 |pages=129–}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Both Colonel [[Akbar Khan (Pakistani general)|Akbar Khan]] and Colonel Sher Khan later used the title while commanding the rebellion.}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;According to journalist [[G. K. Reddy]], then a PR official in the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Pakistan-occupied &lt;/ins&gt;Kashmir government, Russell K. Haight was &quot;a senior officer of the [[Office of Strategic Services|US Office of Strategic Services]] (OSS)&quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=Karanjia/&amp;gt;{{efn|The OSS was the intelligence agency of the US during World War II. It was the precursor to the modern [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]].}} He is said to have operated in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Pakistan-occupied &lt;/ins&gt;Kashmir under the code name &#039;[[General Tariq]]&#039;.&amp;lt;ref name=Karanjia&amp;gt;{{Cite book|last=Karanjia |first=R. K. |chapter=G. K. with Blitz |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.219756|title=Capital Witness: Selected Writings of G. K. Reddy|date=1991|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=8 1-7023-3 16-X|editor-last=Bhagyalakshmi|editor-first=J.|location=New Delhi|pages=xxii}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{efn|&#039;General Tariq&#039; was the code name assigned to the chief commander of all the rebel forces and raiders operating on behalf of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Pakistan-occupied &lt;/ins&gt;Kashmir, as per the [[Operation Gulmarg]] plan.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;* {{citation |last=Singh |first=Sm Jasbir |title=Roar of the Tiger – Illustrated History of Operations in Kashmir by 4th Battalion The Kumaon Regt in 1965 War |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9mcXVjswUrcC&amp;amp;pg=PA129 |date=2013 |publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-93-82652-03-8 |pages=129–}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Both Colonel [[Akbar Khan (Pakistani general)|Akbar Khan]] and Colonel Sher Khan later used the title while commanding the rebellion.}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Haight estimated that there were 15,000 tribal fighters in Kashmir, and a similar number on the move (&amp;quot;coming and going on dispersed along the border&amp;quot;). There were also said to be a fair number of Pakistani officers on leave involved in the war.{{sfnp|Whitehead|2007|p=197 (Chaptter 10)}} Robert Trumbull narrated:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Haight estimated that there were 15,000 tribal fighters in Kashmir, and a similar number on the move (&amp;quot;coming and going on dispersed along the border&amp;quot;). There were also said to be a fair number of Pakistani officers on leave involved in the war.{{sfnp|Whitehead|2007|p=197 (Chaptter 10)}} Robert Trumbull narrated:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;quote&lt;/del&gt;|Although he insisted that the Kashmir fighting broke out in rebellion against atrocities committed upon Moslems by the Hindu Maharajah’s Dogra troops, Mr Haight characterized the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Azad &lt;/del&gt;Kashmir Provisional Government ... as &#039;Pakistan puppets&#039;. He also deeply implicated high Pakistan Government officials, notably the Premier of the North-West Frontier Province.{{sfnp|Whitehead|2007|p=197 (Chapter 10)}}}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;blockquote&lt;/ins&gt;|Although he insisted that the Kashmir fighting broke out in rebellion against atrocities committed upon Moslems by the Hindu Maharajah’s Dogra troops, Mr Haight characterized the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Pakistan-occupied &lt;/ins&gt;Kashmir Provisional Government ... as &#039;Pakistan puppets&#039;. He also deeply implicated high Pakistan Government officials, notably the Premier of the North-West Frontier Province.{{sfnp|Whitehead|2007|p=197 (Chapter 10)}}}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Later career ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Later career ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l54&quot;&gt;Line 54:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 54:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* {{citation |last=Whitehead |first=Andrew |title=A Mission in Kashmir |url=http://www.andrewwhitehead.net/full-text-a-mission-in-kashmir.html |year=2007 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-670-08127-1}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* {{citation |last=Whitehead |first=Andrew |title=A Mission in Kashmir |url=http://www.andrewwhitehead.net/full-text-a-mission-in-kashmir.html |year=2007 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-670-08127-1}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== External links ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Authority control&lt;/ins&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* &lt;/del&gt;{{&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cite web |last=Razdan |first=Vinayak  |title=First Rambo in Kashmir, 1947 (blog post) |website=searchkashmir.org |access-date=2018-04-01 |url=https://www.searchkashmir.org/2012/10/first-rambo-in-kashmir-1947.html&lt;/del&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{Authority control}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:Haight, Russel K.}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:Haight, Russel K.}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Living people]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Living people]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Azad &lt;/del&gt;Kashmir]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Pakistan-occupied &lt;/ins&gt;Kashmir]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:People of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:People of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Bot</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russell_K._Haight_Jr.&amp;diff=289249&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>-&gt;Cyfal: grammar (WP:Typo Team)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russell_K._Haight_Jr.&amp;diff=289249&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-08-19T20:00:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;grammar (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/BP:Typo_Team&quot; class=&quot;extiw&quot; title=&quot;wp:Typo Team&quot;&gt;WP:Typo Team&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:30, 20 August 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l14&quot;&gt;Line 14:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 14:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;He signed up with the [[Azad Kashmir]] provisional government, then based in Rawalpindi. He was given a commission as a Captain and sent to the [[Historical Poonch District|Poonch]] front. After he criticised the Azad Kashmir commanders there for their &amp;quot;boy scout tactics&amp;quot;, the government apparently promoted him to the rank of a &amp;quot;brigadier general&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=nytimes/&amp;gt;{{efn|The Azad Kashmir commanders&amp;#039; demands to one up each other led to numerous new ranks being invented.}} He later claimed to have commanded 8,000 troops.&amp;lt;ref name=LIFE&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;He signed up with the [[Azad Kashmir]] provisional government, then based in Rawalpindi. He was given a commission as a Captain and sent to the [[Historical Poonch District|Poonch]] front. After he criticised the Azad Kashmir commanders there for their &amp;quot;boy scout tactics&amp;quot;, the government apparently promoted him to the rank of a &amp;quot;brigadier general&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=nytimes/&amp;gt;{{efn|The Azad Kashmir commanders&amp;#039; demands to one up each other led to numerous new ranks being invented.}} He later claimed to have commanded 8,000 troops.&amp;lt;ref name=LIFE&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lVIEAAAAMBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA42&amp;amp;dq=russell+haight+kashmir&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwjR5Ii86sDrAhXCSRUIHfMuB8sQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=russell%20haight%20kashmir&amp;amp;f=false LIFE]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 16 February 1948, p.42.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lVIEAAAAMBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA42&amp;amp;dq=russell+haight+kashmir&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwjR5Ii86sDrAhXCSRUIHfMuB8sQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=russell%20haight%20kashmir&amp;amp;f=false LIFE]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 16 February 1948, p.42.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; According a &#039;&#039;[[New York Times]]&#039;&#039; report by Robert Trumbull, Haight was able to successfully discharge his command by playing on the vanity of the tribesmen and exploiting their tribal rivalries.&amp;lt;ref name=nytimes/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; According &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;to &lt;/ins&gt;a &#039;&#039;[[New York Times]]&#039;&#039; report by Robert Trumbull, Haight was able to successfully discharge his command by playing on the vanity of the tribesmen and exploiting their tribal rivalries.&amp;lt;ref name=nytimes/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;By the end of 1947, Haight&amp;#039;s engagement with the Kashmir War was over. While he claimed to have quit because of inadequate resources, scuffles with some of the fighters from [[Dir (princely state)|Dir]] had played a role. The fighters are said to have attempted to steal Haight&amp;#039;s truck and some captured guns, and he ended up killing a couple of them in the ensuing firefight. Trumbull states that, he was effectively a fugitive by the time he left Pakistan. He took a flight to the US with only $2.00 in his pocket.&amp;lt;ref name=nytimes&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;By the end of 1947, Haight&amp;#039;s engagement with the Kashmir War was over. While he claimed to have quit because of inadequate resources, scuffles with some of the fighters from [[Dir (princely state)|Dir]] had played a role. The fighters are said to have attempted to steal Haight&amp;#039;s truck and some captured guns, and he ended up killing a couple of them in the ensuing firefight. Trumbull states that, he was effectively a fugitive by the time he left Pakistan. He took a flight to the US with only $2.00 in his pocket.&amp;lt;ref name=nytimes&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1948/01/29/archives/exgi-kashmir-leader-reveals-he-quit-after-murder-attempts-haight.html |title=Ex-GI, Kashmir Leader, Reveals He Quit After Murder Attempts |last=Trumbull |first=Robert |date=19 January 1948 |work=The New York Times |page=20}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1948/01/29/archives/exgi-kashmir-leader-reveals-he-quit-after-murder-attempts-haight.html |title=Ex-GI, Kashmir Leader, Reveals He Quit After Murder Attempts |last=Trumbull |first=Robert |date=19 January 1948 |work=The New York Times |page=20}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>-&gt;Cyfal</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russell_K._Haight_Jr.&amp;diff=120012&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>&gt;Kautilya3: Adding short description: &quot;American G.I.&quot; (Shortdesc helper)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russell_K._Haight_Jr.&amp;diff=120012&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-05-19T13:38:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Adding &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/Bharatpedia:Short_description&quot; class=&quot;extiw&quot; title=&quot;wikipedia:Short description&quot;&gt;short description&lt;/a&gt;: &amp;quot;American G.I.&amp;quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/Bharatpedia:Shortdesc_helper&quot; class=&quot;extiw&quot; title=&quot;wikipedia:Shortdesc helper&quot;&gt;Shortdesc helper&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Short description|American G.I.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{orphan|date=April 2018}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Russell K. Haight Jr.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; was an American [[G.I. (military)|G.I.]] who had served as a U.S. Army Air Force sergeant during [[World War II]]. After the war, he became &amp;quot;famous&amp;quot; by serving as a mercenary commander of the rebel forces of [[Azad Kashmir]] for a few months in 1947.&amp;lt;ref name=nytimes/&amp;gt; His testimony about Pakistan&amp;#039;s involvement in the hostilities was cited in the [[UN mediation of the Kashmir dispute|United Nations debates]] on the Kashmir dispute.&amp;lt;ref name=Menon/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Army career==&lt;br /&gt;
By his own account, Haight served in three armies during the World War II. He first served with the Canadians, then switched to the British and participated in the [[Dieppe Raid|commando raid on Dieppe]]. Finally, he joined the American Army after the US joined the war.{{sfn|Trumbull|1956|p=92}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the war, Haight went to Afghanistan and worked as a surveyor for the American construction company [[Morrison–Knudsen]], which was engaged in building roads there. After having a fall from a cliff, he left the job, and was intending to head back to the US with various stops in Pakistan and India along the way.{{sfn|Trumbull|1956|p=92}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Kashmir War ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:J&amp;amp;K04low.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Towards the end of 1947, the [[Jammu and Kashmir State Forces]] garrisoned in [[Poonch (town)|Poonch]] were besieged from all sides, and the Indian Army forces based in [[Nowshera, Jammu and Kashmir|Naushera]] were also under severe attack.]]&lt;br /&gt;
In [[Rawalpindi]], then the hotbed of the [[First Kashmir War]] raging in 1947, Haight ran into the British correspondent Bill Sydney Smith of the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Daily Express]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, who suggested to him that he could utilise his expertise in commanding the Pakistani tribal raiders engaged in the Kashmir War. Haight was sold on the idea.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{harvnb|Trumbull|1956|p=93}}: &amp;quot;The correspondent suggested that the raiders could use such an experienced soldier, and why didn&amp;#039;t Haight apply to the Pakistanis for a commission? Haight thought it over and decided it was a good idea.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{efn|The correspondent too evidently benefited from the enterprise, who was able to run by-lines like, &amp;quot;Brigadier Russell Haight, the American soldier of fortune fighting with the tribesmen in Kashmir&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Trumbull|1956|p=93}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He signed up with the [[Azad Kashmir]] provisional government, then based in Rawalpindi. He was given a commission as a Captain and sent to the [[Historical Poonch District|Poonch]] front. After he criticised the Azad Kashmir commanders there for their &amp;quot;boy scout tactics&amp;quot;, the government apparently promoted him to the rank of a &amp;quot;brigadier general&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=nytimes/&amp;gt;{{efn|The Azad Kashmir commanders&amp;#039; demands to one up each other led to numerous new ranks being invented.}} He later claimed to have commanded 8,000 troops.&amp;lt;ref name=LIFE&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lVIEAAAAMBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA42&amp;amp;dq=russell+haight+kashmir&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwjR5Ii86sDrAhXCSRUIHfMuB8sQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=russell%20haight%20kashmir&amp;amp;f=false LIFE]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 16 February 1948, p.42.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; According a &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[New York Times]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; report by Robert Trumbull, Haight was able to successfully discharge his command by playing on the vanity of the tribesmen and exploiting their tribal rivalries.&amp;lt;ref name=nytimes/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
By the end of 1947, Haight&amp;#039;s engagement with the Kashmir War was over. While he claimed to have quit because of inadequate resources, scuffles with some of the fighters from [[Dir (princely state)|Dir]] had played a role. The fighters are said to have attempted to steal Haight&amp;#039;s truck and some captured guns, and he ended up killing a couple of them in the ensuing firefight. Trumbull states that, he was effectively a fugitive by the time he left Pakistan. He took a flight to the US with only $2.00 in his pocket.&amp;lt;ref name=nytimes&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1948/01/29/archives/exgi-kashmir-leader-reveals-he-quit-after-murder-attempts-haight.html |title=Ex-GI, Kashmir Leader, Reveals He Quit After Murder Attempts |last=Trumbull |first=Robert |date=19 January 1948 |work=The New York Times |page=20}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Cite book |last=Schaffer |first=Howard B. |title=The Limits of Influence: America&amp;#039;s Role in Kashmir |date=2009-09-01 |publisher=Brookings Institution Press |isbn=978-0815703709 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kyYOWdA5PNkC&amp;amp;pg=PA20}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=Menon&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Russel K. Haight Jr., a former American soldier who served for two months in the “Azad” Kashmir Army, gave a secret interview to the New York Times correspondent, Robert Trumbull, in Lahore and stated that Pakistan had provided petrol. The following is the report:...&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Krishna Menon on Kashmir - Speeches at United Nations - Page 46&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.geocities.ws/enugareddy/krishnamenon/Krishna_Menon_on_Kashmir_-_I_-_January_1957.pdf&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to a Soviet writer, I. Andronov, Haight was &amp;quot;actively assisted by several resident agents of the British Intelligence Service and top-flight British representatives in India and Pakistan&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{citation |last=Kulkarni |first=V. B. |title=India and Pakistan: A Historical Survey of Hindu-Muslim Relations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZuC1AAAAIAAJ |year=1973 |publisher=Jaico Publishing House|page=441}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Ranbir |title=Major Defence Operations Since 1947 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-88322-67-1 |pages=28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kzo9wyl0AK0C }}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
According to journalist [[G. K. Reddy]], then a PR official in the Azad Kashmir government, Russell K. Haight was &amp;quot;a senior officer of the [[Office of Strategic Services|US Office of Strategic Services]] (OSS)&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=Karanjia/&amp;gt;{{efn|The OSS was the intelligence agency of the US during World War II. It was the precursor to the modern [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]].}} He is said to have operated in Azad Kashmir under the code name &amp;#039;[[General Tariq]]&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;ref name=Karanjia&amp;gt;{{Cite book|last=Karanjia |first=R. K. |chapter=G. K. with Blitz |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.219756|title=Capital Witness: Selected Writings of G. K. Reddy|date=1991|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=8 1-7023-3 16-X|editor-last=Bhagyalakshmi|editor-first=J.|location=New Delhi|pages=xxii}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{efn|&amp;#039;General Tariq&amp;#039; was the code name assigned to the chief commander of all the rebel forces and raiders operating on behalf of Azad Kashmir, as per the [[Operation Gulmarg]] plan.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;* {{citation |last=Singh |first=Sm Jasbir |title=Roar of the Tiger – Illustrated History of Operations in Kashmir by 4th Battalion The Kumaon Regt in 1965 War |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9mcXVjswUrcC&amp;amp;pg=PA129 |date=2013 |publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-93-82652-03-8 |pages=129–}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Both Colonel [[Akbar Khan (Pakistani general)|Akbar Khan]] and Colonel Sher Khan later used the title while commanding the rebellion.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Haight estimated that there were 15,000 tribal fighters in Kashmir, and a similar number on the move (&amp;quot;coming and going on dispersed along the border&amp;quot;). There were also said to be a fair number of Pakistani officers on leave involved in the war.{{sfnp|Whitehead|2007|p=197 (Chaptter 10)}} Robert Trumbull narrated:&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|Although he insisted that the Kashmir fighting broke out in rebellion against atrocities committed upon Moslems by the Hindu Maharajah’s Dogra troops, Mr Haight characterized the Azad Kashmir Provisional Government ... as &amp;#039;Pakistan puppets&amp;#039;. He also deeply implicated high Pakistan Government officials, notably the Premier of the North-West Frontier Province.{{sfnp|Whitehead|2007|p=197 (Chapter 10)}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Later career ==&lt;br /&gt;
After returning from South Asia, Haight went back to the US Army. He served in &lt;br /&gt;
Korea, Germany, Bolivia and Vietnam, and retired from U.S. army in 1967 as a sergeant-major. He had seven rows of decorations and ribbons and numerous injuries from the various theatres in which he fought.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{citation |title=The Hallmark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s1oXGS-FzyIC&amp;amp;pg=RA22-PA15 |date=November 1972 |publisher=United States Army Security Agency |page=15}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kashmir conflict|Kashmir Conflict]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Notes ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{notelist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist|30em}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Bibliography ==&lt;br /&gt;
* {{citation |last=Trumbull |first=Robert |title=As I See India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JtA9AAAAMAAJ |year=1956 |publisher=W. Sloane Associates}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{citation |last=Whitehead |first=Andrew |title=A Mission in Kashmir |url=http://www.andrewwhitehead.net/full-text-a-mission-in-kashmir.html |year=2007 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-670-08127-1}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
* {{Cite web |last=Razdan |first=Vinayak  |title=First Rambo in Kashmir, 1947 (blog post) |website=searchkashmir.org |access-date=2018-04-01 |url=https://www.searchkashmir.org/2012/10/first-rambo-in-kashmir-1947.html}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Authority control}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Haight, Russel K.}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Living people]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Azad Kashmir]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:People of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>&gt;Kautilya3</name></author>
	</entry>
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