2607:FEA8:245C:CA10:ED4B:8AC1:C486:F608 at 15:58, 4 October 2023

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{{Short description|Daughter of Muhammad and Khadija bint Khuwaylid (601–624)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ruqayya bint Muhammad
| native_name = {{lang|ar|رقية بنت محمد }}
| birth_date = {{circa|601}} (21 [[Islamic calendar|BH]])
| birth_place = [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]], [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]]
| death_date = March, 624 (aged 23) (2 AH)
| death_place = [[Medina]], [[Hejaz]], [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]]
| resting_place = {{longitem|[[Al-Baqi Cemetery|Jannat al-Baqi']], Medina, Hejaz, Arabia<br/>(present-day [[Saudi Arabia]])}}
| children = [[Abd Allah ibn Uthman|Abd Allah]] {{br}}[[Laylah bint Uthman|Laylah]]
| mother = [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid]]
| father = [[Muhammad]]
| spouse = [[Uthman]]
| relatives = {{Collapsible list
|state=collapsed
|[[Qasim ibn Muhammad|Qasim]] (full-brother)
|[[Zainab bint Muhammad|Zainab]] (full-sister)
|[[Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad|Umm Kulthum]] (full-sister)
|[[Abd Allah ibn Muhammad|Abd Allah]] (full-brother)
|[[Fatimah]] (full-sister)
|[[Ibrahim ibn Muhammad|Ibrahim]] (half-brother)
|[[Ali]] (brother-in-law & second-cousin)
|[[Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi'|Abu al-As]] (brother-in-law & maternal-cousin)
}}
| family = [[Ahl al-Bayt|House of Muhammad]]
}}

'''Ruqayya bint Muhammad''' ({{lang-ar|رقية بنت محمد|translit=Ruqayya bint Muḥammad}}; {{circa|601}}–March 624) was the second eldest daughter of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] and [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid|Khadija]]. She married the third caliph [[Uthman]] and the couple had a son [[Abd Allah ibn Uthman|Abd Allah]]. In 624, Ruqayya died from an illness.

==Early life==

Born in [[Mecca]] around 601 or 602 CE, Ruqayya was the 3rd child and the second daughter of Muhammad and Khadija, his first wife, who was also a successful merchant.<ref>Muhammad ibn Ishaq. ''Sirat Rasul Allah''. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). ''The Life of Muhammad'', p. 83. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref><ref>Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'', vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). ''The Women of Madina'', p. 10. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.</ref>

== Marital life ==

=== Marriage with Utbah ===
She was married before August 610 to [[Utbah ibn Abi Lahab]], but the marriage was never consummated.<ref name="auto">Ibn Ishaq/Guillaume p. 314.</ref> Ruqayya became a [[Muslims|Muslim]] when her mother did.<ref>Ibn Saad/Bewley vol. 8 pp. 24-25.</ref><ref>Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk''. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). ''Volume 39: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors'', pp. 161-162. Albany: State University of New York Press.</ref> When Muhammad began to preach openly in 613, the [[Quraysh]] reminded Muhammad that they had "relieved him of his care for his daughters" and decided to return them so that he would have to support them at his own expense. They told Utbah that they would give him "the daughter of Aban ibn Sa'id ibn Al-As or the daughter of Sa'id ibn Al-As" if he divorced Ruqayya.<ref name="auto"/> After Muhammad warned [[Abū Lahab]] that he would go to Hell, Abu Lahab said he would never speak to his son again unless he divorced Ruqayya, which Utbah accordingly did.<ref>Ibn Saad/Bewley pp. 24-25.</ref><ref>Tabari/Landau-Tasseron pp. 161-162.</ref>

=== Marriage with Uthman ===
By 615 Ruqayya was married to a prominent Muslim, [[Uthman|Uthman ibn Affan]]. She accompanied him on the first [[Migration to Abyssinia]],<ref>Ibn Ishaq/Guillaume pp. 146, 314.</ref><ref name="auto1">Ibn Saad/Bewley p. 25.</ref><ref name="auto2">Tabari/Landau-Tasseron p. 162.</ref> where she suffered a miscarriage. They returned to Abyssinia in 616,<ref>Ibn Ishaq/Guillaume p. 146.</ref><ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto2"/> and there Ruqayya gave birth to a son, Abd Allah, in 619. Abd Allah died when he was six years old in Medina. She had no further children.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto2"/>

Uthman and Ruqayya were among those who returned to Mecca in 619.<ref>Ibn Ishaq/Guillaume p. 168.</ref> Uthman [[Hijrah|emigrated]] to [[Medina]] in 622, and Ruqayya followed him later.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto2"/>

When [[Usama ibn Zayd]] was sent on an errand to their house, he found himself staring at her and at Uthman in turns. Muhammad asked Usama, "Have you ever seen a more handsome couple than those two?" and he agreed that he had not.<ref>Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti. ''Tarikh al-Khulafa''. Translated by Jarrett, H. S. (1881). ''History of the Caliphs'', p. 155. Calcutta: The Asiatic Society.</ref>

== Death ==
Ruqayya fell ill in March 624. Uthman was excused from his military duties in order to nurse her. She died later in the month, on the day when [[Zayd ibn Haritha al-Kalbi|Zayd ibn Haritha]] returned to Medina with news of their victory at the [[Battle of Badr]].<ref>Ibn Ishaq/Guillaume p. 328.</ref><ref>Muhammad ibn Umar al-Waqidi. ''Kitab al-Maghazi''. Translated by Faizer, R., Ismail, A., & Tayob, A. K. (2011). ''The Life of Muhammad'', p. 51. Oxford & New York: Routledge.</ref><ref name="auto2"/> When Muhammad returned to Medina after the battle, the family went to grieve at her grave.

==See also==
*[[Muhammad's children]]
*[[Fatimah]]
*[[Zainab bint Muhammad]]
*[[Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad]]
*[[Companions of the Prophet]]
*[[Khadijah]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Muhammad footer}}

[[Category:601 births]]
[[Category:624 deaths]]
[[Category:7th-century women]]
[[Category:Women companions of the Prophet]]
[[Category:Children of Muhammad]]
[[Category:Banu Hashim]]
[[Category:Burials at Jannat al-Baqī]]

Ruqayya bint Muhammad - Revision history

2607:FEA8:245C:CA10:ED4B:8AC1:C486:F608 at 15:58, 4 October 2023