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{{About|the municipality in Punjab, India|its namesake district|Rupnagar district|the village in Nepal|Rupnagar, Nepal}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rupnagar
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Ropar
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Satluj S058.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Gurudwara Tibbi Sahib situated on the banks of Satluj, Rupnagar.
| nickname = Ropar
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|30.9664|N|76.5331|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rupnagar district|Rupnagar]]
| established_title =  Established
| established_date = 19th century (2000 BCE)
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Municipal council
| governing_body = Ropar MC
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 13.65
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 262
| population_total = 56000
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 140 001
| area_code = 91-1881
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = PB-12
| website = {{URL|http://rupnagar.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
}}
'''Rupnagar''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ʊ|p|n|ə|g|ər}}; [[List of renamed places in India|formerly known as]] '''Ropar''') is a city and a [[municipal council]] in [[Rupnagar district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]. Rupnagar is a newly created fifth Divisional Headquarters of Punjab comprising Rupnagar, Mohali, and its adjoining districts. It is also one of the bigger sites belonging to the [[Indus Valley Civilization]]. Rupnagar is nearly {{Convert|43|km|abbr=on}} to the northwest of [[Chandigarh]] (the nearest [[airport]] and the capital of Punjab). It is bordered by [[Himachal Pradesh]] to the north and [[Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district]] (formerly known as Nawanshahr district) to its west.

There are many historical and religious places in Rupnagar, including gurdwaras such as Gurudwara Bhhatha Sahib, Gurdwara Bhubour Sahib and Gurudwara Tibbi Sahib.

== History ==
{{Expand Section|date=December 2017}}

=== Etymology ===
The ancient town of Rupnagar is said to have been named by a [[Raja]] called Rokeshar, who ruled during the 11th century and named it after his son Rup Sen.

=== Indus Valley civilisation ===
[[File:Indus Valley Civilization site, Roopnagar (Rupar), Punjab, India.jpg|thumb|left|Indus Civilization site, Rupnagar (Ropar), Punjab, India]]Rupnagar is one of the Indus Valley sites along the [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar-Hakra]] beds. There is an Archaeological Museum in the city which was opened in the year 1998 for general public. The museum exhibits the archaeological remains of excavated site in the city, the first [[Harappan civilisation|Harappan]] site of Independent India. These excavations reveal a cultural sequence from Harappan to medieval times. Some of the important exhibits include antiquities of Harappan times, gold coins of [[Chandragupta Maurya|Chandragupta]] and copper and bronze implements.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rupnagar.nic.in/html/asi_museum.htm|title=ASI Museum - Rupnagar|website=rupnagar.nic.in|access-date=2017-07-12}}</ref> S. Hari Singh Rais of Sialba conquered Ropar in [[1763|1763 A.D]]. and established his state . S. Hari Singh son Charat Singh made Ropar capital of the state.[[File:Archaeological Museum, Rupnagar, Punjab.jpg|thumb|center|Archaeological Museum, Rupnagar, Punjab, India]]

== Geography ==
Rupnagar is located at {{Coord|30.97|N|76.53|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/23/Rupnagar.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Rupnagar]</ref> It has an average elevation of {{Convert|260|m}}. The town lies on the bank of [[Sutlej|Satluj River]] and the Shivalik hill range spreads along the opposite bank of the river.

=== Climate ===
The [[climate]] of Rupnagar is characterized by general dryness (except in the south west [[monsoon]] season), a hot summer and a cold winter. The year may be divided into four [[season]]s. The period from about middle of November to February is the cold season. This is followed by the summer season from March to about the end of June. The south-west monsoon season commences late in June and continues up to about middle of September. The period from mid September to the middle of November constitutes the post-monsoon or transition season. The [[temperature]] ranges from a minimum of {{Convert|1|C}} in winter to {{Convert|47|C}} in summer. May and June are generally the hottest months and December and January are the coldest months. Relative [[humid]]ity is high, averaging about 70% during monsoon. The average annual [[rainfall]] in the district is {{Convert|775.6|mm}}. About 78% of the annual rainfall is received during June through September.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rupnagar.nic.in/html/about.htm|title=About District - Rupnagar|website=rupnagar.nic.in|access-date=2017-12-26}}</ref>

===Rupnagar wetland===
{{Main|Ropar Wetland}}
[[File:Ropar wetland (side outlet), Punjab.jpg|thumb|right|Rupnagar wetland (side outlet), Punjab]]
The city has one of the three important wetlands of the [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] State known as Rupnagar Wetland or [[Ropar Wetland]]. This is a man-made freshwater wetland covering 1,365 hectares. Also called the Rupnagar Lake, the wetland developed consequent to the construction of a regulator on the [[Sutlej|Sutlej River]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://punjabtourism.gov.in/Punjab.html#/attraction/59/ropar-wetland|title=Punjab Tourism|website=punjabtourism.gov.in|access-date=2017-12-26}}</ref> The area has a large number of birds, mammals and vegetation. It has at least 9 mammalian, 154 bird, 35 fish, 9 arthropod, 11 rotifer and 10 protozoan species. This important ecological zone is located in the Shivalik foothills of the Lower Himalayas and was created in 1952 on the Sutlej River, in the Punjab state of India, by building a head regulator. The total area of the wetland is {{Convert|1365|ha}}. The wetland is surrounded by Shivalik hills to the northwest and by plains to the south and southeast.

== Transport ==
=== [[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Rail]] ===
[[Rupnagar railway station]] falls in the [[Northern Railway zone]] of the [[Indian Railways]]. It is connected to [[Chandigarh]] by a single line railway track. It is also connected to [[Amritsar]] via [[Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana]], [[Morinda, Punjab|Morinda]], [[Una (HP)]] and [[Nangal Dam railway station|Nangal Dam]].

=== Road ===
Rupnagar city has a road network to surrounding village and towns in district as well as to major cities including [[Una District|Una]], [[Baddi]], [[Ludhiana]], [[Jalandhar]], [[Chandigarh]] and [[Delhi]]. Rupnagar is connected by the [[National Highway (India)|National Highway]] system to the following nearby cities, by the following highway routes:
* [[File:NH205-IN.svg|25px]] [[National Highway 205 (India)|NH 205]] that connects [[Chandigarh]], [[Kurali]] to [[Kiratpur Sahib]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] via Rupnagar
*[[File:NH103A-IN.svg|25px]] [[National Highway 103A (India)|NH 103A]] connects [[Hoshiarpur]] to Rupnagar.
*[[File:NH344A-IN.svg|25px]] [[National Highway 344A (India)|NH 344A]] links Rupnagar to [[Phagwara]], [[Jalandhar]] via [[Nawanshahr]], [[Balachaur]] and [[Banga, India|Banga]] via [[National Highway 103A (India)|NH103A]] at Balachaur.

== Demographics ==
As per 2001 India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Rupnagar had a population of 48,165. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Rupnagar has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 82%. In Rupnagar, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

== Companies ==
* [[Ranbaxy Laboratories]]
* Smart IT Ventures (First Software Company in District)
* The Australian Academy

== Education ==
[[File:IIT Ropar - Main Building of the Transit Campus.JPG|thumb|200x200px|
The Indian Institute of Technology, currently operating from its transit campus.
]]

=== Schools ===
Rupnagar has public as well as private schools which are affiliated to either [[Central Board of Secondary Education|Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)]] or [[Punjab School Education Board|Punjab School Education Board (PSEB)]] and follow the [[Education in India|10+2 plan]] of education.

=== Higher education ===
Rupnagar houses the [[Indian Institute of Technology Ropar]], the [[Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bhaddal]], and Government College, Ropar (affiliated to [[Punjabi University|Punjabi University, Patiala]]).

==Notable people==

* Dr. [[Rattan Chand]], Senior Bureaucrat, Government of India.


==See also==
* [[Indus Valley Civilization]]
* [[List of Indus Valley Civilization sites]]
* [[List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilization]]
* [[Hydraulic engineering of the Indus Valley Civilization]]
* [[Bara, Punjab]]
* [[Gaggon]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}

* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Rupar|volume=23|page=855}}
* [http://www.rupnagar.nic.in/ Govt. Website on Rupnagar]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091001043716/http://www.punjab.bsnl.co.in/search_rp.php Rupnagar BSNL telephone directory search]
* [http://asi.nic.in/asi_museums_ropar.asp Archaeological Museum in Rupnagar (Archaeological Survey of India)]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC&printsec=frontcover&dq=jane+mcintosh&source=bl&ots=jakTDBxdN3&sig=6hB1k7q7oEeZfwHXEBpJIUta4lM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=HrsYUOGmCsftrAfHxYGACg&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=ropar&f=false Location of Ropar in IVC map]
* [https://data.gov.in/data-manager/dr-rattan-chand]

{{Rupnagar district}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rupnagar| ]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Rupnagar district]]
[[Category:Major Indus Valley Civilisation sites]]

Rupnagar - Revision history

WikiDwarfBOT: Cleanup: Information added.

Ajay Kumar: Created page with "{{About|the municipality in Punjab, India|its namesake district|Rupnagar district|the village in Nepal|Rupnagar, Nepal}} {{more citations needed|date=July 2012}} {{Use dmy dat..."