Rupa Goswami - Revision history

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	==Biography==		==Biography==
	===~~Family lineage~~===		===Genealogy===
	Rupa's lineage can be traced to [[Indian State]] of [[Karnataka]] and [[Naihati]] in the district of [[North 24 Parganas]] in present-day [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. The former generations ~~of ''Rupa Goswami''~~ according to ''Bhakti-ratnakara'':<ref>{{cite book \|author-last=Cakravarti \|author-first=Sri Narahari \|year=2009 \|translator=Kusakratha dasa \|editor=Grahila dasa \|title=Bhakti-ratnakara \|location=India \|pages=33–42}}</ref>		<!-- Most genealogy info shared on following pages, update all if possible: Rupa Goswami, Sanatana Goswami, and Jiva Goswami. -->
			His family lineage can be traced to [[Indian State]] of [[Karnataka]] and [[Naihati]] in the district of [[North 24 Parganas]] in present-day [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. The former generations according to ''Bhakti-ratnakara'':<ref>{{cite journal \|author-first=Tamonashchandra Das \|author-last=Gupta \|year=1933 \|title=Raja Ganesh \|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.237259/page/n147/mode/1up \|journal=University of Calcutta: Journal of the Department of Letters \|publisher=Calcutta University Press \|volume=XXIII \|pages=2, 8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|author-last=Cakravarti \|author-first=Sri Narahari \|year=2009 \|translator=Kusakratha dasa \|editor=Grahila dasa \|title=Bhakti-ratnakara \|location=India \|pages=33–42}}</ref>

	'''Sarvajna Jagatguru''' was a famous [[brahmana]], great scholar in all [[Vedas]], respected [[Yajurveda\|Yajur]]-vedi of the Baradvaja caste, and king of [[Karnataka]] in [[South India]], adored by all other contemporary kings. Sarvajna's son, '''Aniruddha''', was spirited, famous, a proficient scholar of the Vedas, and a favorite of the reigning kings at the time. Aniruddha's sons, '''Rupesvara''' (eldest) and '''Harihara''', were well respected due to their virtuous qualities. Rupesvara was famed as a scholar of the scriptures, while Harihara became a master in the art and science of weapons. Both brothers inherited the administration of the state after their father died, but Harihara soon snatched all the power, causing Rupesvara and his wife to travel to Paulastha-desa, where Sikharesvara befriended him and convinced him to settle there.		'''Sarvajna Jagatguru''' was a famous [[brahmana]], great scholar in all [[Vedas]], respected [[Yajurveda\|Yajur]]-vedi of the Baradvaja caste, and king of [[Karnataka]] in [[South India]], adored by all other contemporary kings. Sarvajna's son, '''Aniruddha''', was spirited, famous, a proficient scholar of the Vedas, and a favorite of the reigning kings at the time. Aniruddha's sons, '''Rupesvara''' (eldest) and '''Harihara''', were well respected due to their virtuous qualities. Rupesvara was famed as a scholar of the scriptures, while Harihara became a master in the art and science of weapons. Both brothers inherited the administration of the state after their father died, but Harihara soon snatched all the power, causing Rupesvara and his wife to travel to Paulastha-desa, where Sikharesvara befriended him and convinced him to settle there.

	Rupesvara's son, '''Padmanabha''', was a genius and easily learned the four Vedas making him famous. He had impeccable character and was genuinely absorbed in love of [[Jagannath\|Lord Jagannatha]]. He left Sikharabhumi and settled on the bank of the [[Ganges]] in the village Navahatta (present-day [[Naihati]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]),<ref name = "Mitra351">Mitra, Satishchandra (1914), ''Jashohar- Khulnar Itihas Vol.1'', p 351</ref> where he had eighteen daughters and five sons. His five sons were '''Purusottama''' (eldest), '''Jagannatha''', '''Narayana''', '''Murari''', and '''Mukunda''' (youngest), where Purusottama and Mukunda were the best in experience and character. Mukunda's son, '''Kumara''', was a great brahmana and highly virtuous. He privately engaged in oblations and purificatory penances. Becoming very disturbed by family difficulties, he left ~~his birthplace~~ Navahatta ~~(present-day [[Naihati]], [[West Bengal]])~~ with his followers and settled in the village [[Chandradwip\|Bakla Chandradvipa]] in [[East Bengal]] (now [[Bangladesh]]). He built a house in the village [[Faridpur District\|Fateyabad]] in [[Jessore]] for the convenience of communications with devotees and traveling [[Vaishnavism\|Vaishnavas]].		Rupesvara's son, '''Padmanabha''', was a genius and easily learned the four Vedas making him famous. He had impeccable character and was genuinely absorbed in love of [[Jagannath\|Lord Jagannatha]]. He left Sikharabhumi and settled on the bank of the [[Ganges]] in the village Navahatta (present-day [[Naihati]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]<ref name = "Mitra351">Mitra, Satishchandra (1914), ''Jashohar- Khulnar Itihas Vol.1'', p 351</ref>), where he had eighteen daughters and five sons. His five sons were '''Purusottama''' (eldest), '''Jagannatha''', '''Narayana''', '''Murari''', and '''Mukunda''' (youngest), where Purusottama and Mukunda were the best in experience and character. Mukunda's son, '''Kumara''', was a great brahmana and highly virtuous. He privately engaged in oblations and purificatory penances. Becoming very disturbed by family difficulties, he left the village Navahatta with his followers and settled in the village [[Chandradwip\|Bakla Chandradvipa]] in [[East Bengal]] (now [[Bangladesh]]). He built a house in the village [[Faridpur District\|Fateyabad]] in [[Jessore]] for the convenience of communications with devotees and traveling [[Vaishnavism\|Vaishnavas]].

	Among Kumara's many sons, '''[[Sanatana Goswami\|Sanatana]]''' (eldest), '''Rupa''' (middle), and '''Vallabha''' (youngest) were the life of the Vaishnava community and great devotees, all three becoming well known for their academic genius and devotion, and ~~they lived~~ in the village Ramakeli in [[Gauda Kingdom\|Gauda]] (present-day [[Maldah District\|Maldah]], [[West Bengal]]).		Among Kumara's many sons, '''[[Sanatana Goswami\|Sanatana]]''' (eldest), '''Rupa''' (middle), and '''Vallabha''' (youngest) were the life of the Vaishnava community and great devotees, all three becoming well known for their academic genius and devotion, and eventually settling in the village Ramakeli in [[Gauda Kingdom\|Gauda]] (present-day [[Maldah District\|Maldah]], [[West Bengal]]<ref name = "Ray72">Ray, Shankarnath (1958), ''Bharater Sadhak Vol. 11'', p 72</ref>). The brothers were greatly inspired by [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]], who lived in [[Nadia district\|Nadia]] (a district of present-day [[West Bengal]], [[India]]) at the time. Sanatana and Rupa eventually resigned from their ministerial (royal) posts and retired to help Chaitanya in his mission, eventually relocating to [[Vrindavan\|Vrindavana]]. Vallabha, who was always happy in service, was initiated by Chaitanya and given the name '''Anupama''', and was known for his stoicism and neutrality in his detachment from worldly affairs.
	~~Alternatively~~, ~~it is said that Rup Goswami's ancestors migrated from~~ [[~~Karnataka~~]] to [[~~Gauda Kingdom~~\|~~Gauda~~]] (present-day [[~~Maldah District\|Maldah~~]], [[~~West Bengal~~]])~~<ref name = "Ray72">Ray, Shankarnath~~ (~~1958~~), ''~~Bharater Sadhak Vol. 11~~'', ~~p 72</ref>~~ and lived in the village Ramkeli, near [[Gauḍa (region)\|Gauda]] for generations.
			Alternatively, it is said that his ancestors migrated from [[Karnataka]] to [[Gauda Kingdom\|Gauda]] and lived in the village Ramkeli, near [[Gauḍa (region)\|Gauda]] for generations.{{Citation needed\|date=September 2021}}

	===Birth===		===Birth===
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	===First meeting with Chaitanya Mahaprabhu===		===First meeting with Chaitanya Mahaprabhu===
	Rupa and his brothers were residents of Ramakeli ( in present-day [[Maldah District\|Maldah]], [[West Bengal]]) and it was here, in 1514 CE, that they first met [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]]. The meeting changed their lives. After meeting them, Chaitanya gave them the names Rupa, Sanatana and Anupama.<ref>{{cite book \|title=CC Madhya 1.208 \|url=https://vedabase.io/en/library/cc/madhya/1/208/ \|access-date=22 January 2021 \|language=en}}</ref> Sanatana advised Mahaprabhu, {{~~Cquote~~\|~~quote~~=Dear Lord, you are going to ~~Vrindavan~~ with ~~an entourage of~~ hundreds and thousands of people, and this is not a fitting way to go on a pilgrimage. (Chaitanya Charitamrita 2.1.224~~)}}~~<ref>{{cite book \|title=CC Madhya 1.224 \|url=https://vedabase.io/en/library/cc/madhya/1/224/ \|access-date=22 January 2021 \|language=en}}</ref>		Rupa and his brothers were residents of Ramakeli ( in present-day [[Maldah District\|Maldah]], [[West Bengal]]) and it was here, in 1514 CE, that they first met [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]]. The meeting changed their lives. After meeting them, Chaitanya gave them the names Rupa, Sanatana and Anupama.<ref>{{cite book \|title=CC Madhya 1.208 \|url=https://vedabase.io/en/library/cc/madhya/1/208/ \|access-date=22 January 2021 \|language=en}}</ref> Sanatana advised Mahaprabhu,

			{{quote
			\|text=Dear Lord, you are going to Vrindavana with hundreds and thousands of people following You, and this is not a fitting way to go on a pilgrimage.
			\|source=''[[Chaitanya Charitamrita]]'' 2.1.224<ref>{{cite book \|title=Sri Caitanya-caritamrta: Madhya-lila 1.224 \|url=https://vedabase.io/en/library/cc/madhya/1/224/ \|access-date=22 January 2021 \|language=en}}</ref>
			}}

	===Second meeting with Chaitanya Mahaprabhu===		===Second meeting with Chaitanya Mahaprabhu===
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	* [[Krishnology]]		* [[Krishnology]]

	==~~Notes~~==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

	==~~References~~==		==Bibliography==
	* Tirtha, Swami B.B., Sri Caitanya and His Associates, 2002, [http://www.mandala.org/ Mandala Publishing], San Francisco. {{ISBN\|1-886069-28-X}}		* Tirtha, Swami B.B., Sri Caitanya and His Associates, 2002, [http://www.mandala.org/ Mandala Publishing], San Francisco. {{ISBN\|1-886069-28-X}}
	* Mahayogi, Swami B.V., Lives of the Saints, translated from Gaura Parsada Caritavali, unpublished work.		* Mahayogi, Swami B.V., Lives of the Saints, translated from Gaura Parsada Caritavali, unpublished work.
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	{{Caitanya sampradaya}}		{{Caitanya sampradaya}}
	~~{{Modern Gaudiya Vaishnavas}}~~
	{{Authority control}}		{{Authority control}}

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	[[Category:16th-century Bengali poets]]		[[Category:16th-century Bengali poets]]
	[[Category:Bengali Hindu saints]]		[[Category:Bengali Hindu saints]]
			[[Category:Bengal Sultanate officers]]

>Marcocapelle: more specific categorisation

2021-05-24T09:33:33Z

more specific categorisation

New page

{{short description|Indian guru, poet and philosopher of the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition (1489-1564)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2017}}
{{Vaishnavism}}
{{Hindu philosophy}}
'''Rupa Goswami''' ({{lang-sa|रूप गोस्वामी}}, {{lang-bn|রূপ গোস্বামী}}, {{IAST3|Rūpa Gosvāmī}}; 1489–1564) was a devotional teacher ([[guru]]), poet, and philosopher of the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition. With his brother [[Sanatana Goswami]], he is considered the most senior of the six Goswamis of Vrindavan associated with [[Caitanya Mahaprabhu]], a hidden avatar (incarnation) of [[Krishna]] in [[Kali Yuga]].<ref>{{cite web |title=rupa goswami Archives |url=https://www.mayapur.com/tag/rupa-goswami/ |website=Mayapur.com |access-date=22 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Srila Rupa Goswami – ISKCON VRINDAVAN |url=https://iskconvrindavan.com/2019/08/srila-rupa-goswami-disappearance/ |access-date=22 January 2021}}</ref>

==Biography==
===Family lineage===
Rupa's lineage can be traced to [[Indian State]] of [[Karnataka]] and [[Naihati]] in the district of [[North 24 Parganas]] in present-day [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. The former generations of ''Rupa Goswami'' according to ''Bhakti-ratnakara'':<ref>{{cite book |author-last=Cakravarti |author-first=Sri Narahari |year=2009 |translator=Kusakratha dasa |editor=Grahila dasa |title=Bhakti-ratnakara |location=India |pages=33–42}}</ref>

'''Sarvajna Jagatguru''' was a famous [[brahmana]], great scholar in all [[Vedas]], respected [[Yajurveda|Yajur]]-vedi of the Baradvaja caste, and king of [[Karnataka]] in [[South India]], adored by all other contemporary kings. Sarvajna's son, '''Aniruddha''', was spirited, famous, a proficient scholar of the Vedas, and a favorite of the reigning kings at the time. Aniruddha's sons, '''Rupesvara''' (eldest) and '''Harihara''', were well respected due to their virtuous qualities. Rupesvara was famed as a scholar of the scriptures, while Harihara became a master in the art and science of weapons. Both brothers inherited the administration of the state after their father died, but Harihara soon snatched all the power, causing Rupesvara and his wife to travel to Paulastha-desa, where Sikharesvara befriended him and convinced him to settle there.

Rupesvara's son, '''Padmanabha''', was a genius and easily learned the four Vedas making him famous. He had impeccable character and was genuinely absorbed in love of [[Jagannath|Lord Jagannatha]]. He left Sikharabhumi and settled on the bank of the [[Ganges]] in the village Navahatta (present-day [[Naihati]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]),<ref name = "Mitra351">Mitra, Satishchandra (1914), ''Jashohar- Khulnar Itihas Vol.1'', p 351</ref> where he had eighteen daughters and five sons. His five sons were '''Purusottama''' (eldest), '''Jagannatha''', '''Narayana''', '''Murari''', and '''Mukunda''' (youngest), where Purusottama and Mukunda were the best in experience and character. Mukunda's son, '''Kumara''', was a great brahmana and highly virtuous. He privately engaged in oblations and purificatory penances. Becoming very disturbed by family difficulties, he left his birthplace Navahatta (present-day [[Naihati]], [[West Bengal]]) with his followers and settled in the village [[Chandradwip|Bakla Chandradvipa]] in [[East Bengal]] (now [[Bangladesh]]). He built a house in the village [[Faridpur District|Fateyabad]] in [[Jessore]] for the convenience of communications with devotees and traveling [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavas]].

Among Kumara's many sons, '''[[Sanatana Goswami|Sanatana]]''' (eldest), '''Rupa''' (middle), and '''Vallabha''' (youngest) were the life of the Vaishnava community and great devotees, all three becoming well known for their academic genius and devotion, and they lived in the village Ramakeli in [[Gauda Kingdom|Gauda]] (present-day [[Maldah District|Maldah]], [[West Bengal]]).
Alternatively, it is said that Rup Goswami's ancestors migrated from [[Karnataka]] to [[Gauda Kingdom|Gauda]] (present-day [[Maldah District|Maldah]], [[West Bengal]])<ref name = "Ray72">Ray, Shankarnath (1958), ''Bharater Sadhak Vol. 11'', p 72</ref> and lived in the village Ramkeli, near [[Gauḍa (region)|Gauda]] for generations.

===Birth===
He was born in around 1489 CE. There seems to be some controversy amongst biographers about Rupa Goswami's birthplace. Some opine that he was born in [[Naihati]], [[West Bengal]] while others believe that he was born in [[Chandradwip|Bakla Chandradvipa]] or in [[Faridpur District|Fateyabad Pargana]], [[Jessore]], [[East Bengal]] (now Bangladesh).<ref name = "Bidyabhushan9">Bidyabhushan,Rasik Mohan, (1927), ''Shrimath Rup-Sanatan Vol. 1'', p 9</ref> Some biographers believe that he was born in Ramakeli in the district of [[Maldah District|Maldah]], [[West Bengal]].

===Early life===
According to ''Bhakti-ratnakara'', Mukund's son, Kumaradeva, moved to Jessore from his birthplace [[Naihati]]. His sons were Santosha Bhatta (Rupa), Amara Bhatta ([[Sanatana Goswami|Sanatana]]) and Vallabha (Anupama).<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Rupa Goswami – Biography|url=https://gaudiyahistory.iskcondesiretree.com/srila-rupa-goswami-biography/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-29|website=Gaudiya History}}</ref> They were Telugu speaking Brahmins from Telang Desh from the Bhatt clan. On the demise of Kumaradeva, the three sons moved to Sakurma, near to the capital of Gaudadesa (present-day [[Malda District|Maldah]], [[West Bengal]]) where they continued their studies. They lived for the rest of their lives with their new monastic names and forsake their birth names.

The three brothers studied the Nyaya-sastras (treatise on justice) from the famous logician [[Sarvabhauma Bhattacharya|Sarvabhauma Bhattacarya]] and his brother Madhusudana Vidyavacaspati. They also studied [[Sanskrit]], [[Arabic]] and [[Persian language|Persian]].

Due to their noble characters and academic proficiency, Rupa and his elder brother [[Sanatana Goswami|Sanatana]] were later forced into government service by the sultan of Bengal, [[Alauddin Husain Shah]](1493–1519 CE) which led to their excommunication from [[Hindu]] society by the orthodox caste brahmanas of Gauda. Rupa became the Sultan's chief secretary (Dabir Khas), while Sanatana became the state revenue minister (Sakara Mallik).The Biographies of Sankaradeva of Assam too mention Rupa Goswami ; According to Sankar Charita (written by Ramacharan Thakur),Rupa gosvami & His wife met Sankardeva and accompanied him to Sitakunda.

===First meeting with Chaitanya Mahaprabhu===
Rupa and his brothers were residents of Ramakeli ( in present-day [[Maldah District|Maldah]], [[West Bengal]]) and it was here, in 1514 CE, that they first met [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]]. The meeting changed their lives. After meeting them, Chaitanya gave them the names Rupa, Sanatana and Anupama.<ref>{{cite book |title=CC Madhya 1.208 |url=https://vedabase.io/en/library/cc/madhya/1/208/ |access-date=22 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Sanatana advised Mahaprabhu, {{Cquote|quote=Dear Lord, you are going to Vrindavan with an entourage of hundreds and thousands of people, and this is not a fitting way to go on a pilgrimage. (Chaitanya Charitamrita 2.1.224)}}<ref>{{cite book |title=CC Madhya 1.224 |url=https://vedabase.io/en/library/cc/madhya/1/224/ |access-date=22 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

===Second meeting with Chaitanya Mahaprabhu===
After visiting [[Vrindavana]], Chaitanya stopped at the holy city of [[Prayaga]] (modern day [[Prayagaraj]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]). It was here that Rupa and Anupama met him for the second time. At the Dasasvamedha Ghat (a famous bathing area on the banks of the River Ganges), Chaitanya imparted instructions to Rupa Goswami and explained all the intricacies of the doctrine of [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]]. Rupa Goswami was specifically commanded by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu to carry out two tasks: to re-locate and preserve the lost holy places of Vrindavana, and to write and preach Gaudiya Vaisnava theology. He then sent Rupa Goswami to Vrindavana to carry out these orders.

===Namo Mahavadanyaya Verse===
During the time of the annual [[Rath Yatra]] festival, Rupa Goswami composed one [[mystical]] verse that Chaitanya Mahaprabhu requested him to read to his most intimate associates. Upon hearing this verse, all the assembled Vaishnavas praised Rupa Goswami for his outstanding composition that was filled with deep [[bhakti|devotion]] for the Naths. Due to this, it was proclaimed that Rupa Goswami was the very embodiment of Chaitanya' Mahaprabhu's esoteric teachings of rasa (divine mellows). Because of this, Rupa Goswami is considered by the gaudiya vaisnavas to be the foremost follower of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu and those that strictly follow in his preceptoral line are known as Rupanugas (followers of Rupa).

===Vrindavana===
Rupa and Sanatana remained in Vrindavana for the remainder of their lives. Their mood of renunciation and devotion was exemplary. Rupa uncovered various holy places associated with the pastimes of [[Krishna]] and rediscovered the famous deity of Govindadeva, which was originally installed and worshipped by Krishna's great-grandson, Maharaja Vajranabha. Rupa and Sanatana were intimately connected with other Vaishnava saints in Vrindavana such as Lokanatha Goswami, Bhugarbha Goswami, [[Gopala Bhatta Goswami]], [[Raghunatha Bhatta Goswami]] and [[Raghunatha Dasa Goswami]].

Shortly after, they were also joined by their nephew [[Jiva Goswami]] who was given initiation by Rupa and personally trained by him in the philosophy of Gaudiya Vaishnavism.

Rupa Goswami departed from this world in 1564 CE and his samadhi (tomb) is located in the courtyard of the [http://www.radhadamodarmandir.com/ Radha-Damodara] temple in Vrindavana.

In Gaudiya Vaishnava theology, Rupa Goswami is considered to be the incarnation of Rupa Manjuri, the foremost junior cowherd damsel who eternally serves Radha-Krishna under the guidance of [[Lalita (gopi)|Lalita]].

==Works==
Rupa Goswami wrote a number of texts in [[Sanskrit]] on philosophy, poetics, drama and dramaturgy. The following is a list of some of his most well-known works:

* ''Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu'' (''The Ocean of Nectar of Divine Love''): ''Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu'' can be considered to be one of the most important books in Gaudiya Vaishnavism. It elaborately describes gradations of bhakti from its lowest stage of sraddha ([[faith]]) up to its highest stage of maha-bhava (ultimate ecstasy in love of Godhead).
* ''Ujjvala-nilamani'' (''The Sapphire of Divine Love''): This work exclusively explains the conception of madhurya-rasa (divine conjugal love). ''Ujjvala-nilamani'' is considered to be a sequel to the ''Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu''.
* ''Laghu-bhagavatamrta'' (''A Summary of Nectar about Godhead''): It is a summary of Sanatana Goswami's book ''Brhat-bhagavatamrta''. It begins by explaining the intrinsic nature of Krishna and his [[incarnation]]s and subsequently deals with devotees of Krishna.
* ''Vidagdhamadhava'' (1524) & ''Lalitamadhava'' (1529): Rupa originally began to write these two dramas as one in 1516 but he completed them as two separate plays in [[Vikram Samvat]] 1581 (1524) and [[Saka era]] 1451 (1529) respectively.<ref name=s1>Sen, Sukumar (1991, reprint 2007). ''Bangala Sahityer Itihas'', Vol.I, {{in lang|bn}}, Kolkata: Ananda Publishers, {{ISBN|81-7066-966-9}}, p.239</ref> It is said that Rupa had a vision of Satyabhama, one of Krishna's queens in Dvaraka, who told him to divide the book into two separate dramas. Thus, ''Lalitamadhava'' deals with Krishna's pastimes in Dvaraka, and ''Vidagdhamadhava'' narrates Krishna's pastimes in Vrindavana.
* ''Stavamala'' (''The Flower Garland of Prayers''): This is a compilation of short works, some of which are often published as separate books.
* ''Danakelikaumudi'' (''The Lotus-like Tax-collecting Pastimes'') (1549): This ''Bhāṇikā'' (one-act play) was written in [[Saka era]] 1471 (1549) and narrates the ''danakeli'' (tax-collecting pastime) between Krishna and the [[Gopi]]s of Vrindavana.<ref name=s1/>
* ''Sri Radha-krsna-ganoddesa-dipika'' (''A Lamp to See the Associates of Radha-Krsna'') (1550): In this book, Rupa Goswami lists the associates of Radha and Krishna and describes their characteristics.
* ''Mathura-mahatmya'' (''The Glories of Mathura''): This book tells the glories of Mathura, in the form of a conversation between [[Varaha]] (the boar incarnation of [[Vishnu]]) and the Earth Goddess. Rupa Goswami explains various processes of devotional service by quoting statements from various [[Hinduism|Hindu]] scriptures and establishes that Mathura vanquishes all one's sinful reactions and awards piety and liberation.
* ''Uddhava-sandesa'' (''News of Uddhava''): In this work, Rupa Goswami narrates the story from the [[Bhagavata Purana]] of Krishna requesting his friend [[Uddhava]] to go to Vrindavana and pacify his friends and relations by reminding them of their pastimes with him.
* ''[[Haṃsadūta|Hamsa-dutam]]'' (''The Swan Messenger''): This text tells the story how Lalita, the confident of Radha, sends a messenger in the form of a swan to Krishna in [[Dvārakā|Dwaraka]].
* ''Sri Krsna-janma-tithi-vidhi'': This short work is a paddhati (manual on ritual worship) explaining the process of worshiping the deity of Krishna during the festival of [[Janmastami]], the birthday of Krishna celebrated by [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]]s in August/September.
* ''Nataka-candrika'' (''The Illuminating Moon of Dramatics'') This book explains the rules of Gaudiya Vaisnava dramaturgy.
* ''[[Upadesamrta]]'' (''The Nectar of Instruction''): This short work contains eleven verses of instructions to aspirants on the path of devotion to Krishna. The ''Upadesamrta'' was originally a part of the ''Stavamala''.

==See also==
{{portal|Poetry}}
* [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness|Hare Krishna]]
* [[Nityananda]]
* [[Vaishnava Theology]]
* [[Krishnology]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* Tirtha, Swami B.B., Sri Caitanya and His Associates, 2002, [http://www.mandala.org/ Mandala Publishing], San Francisco. {{ISBN|1-886069-28-X}}
* Mahayogi, Swami B.V., Lives of the Saints, translated from Gaura Parsada Caritavali, unpublished work.
* Gaudiya Vaisnava Abhidhana (Bengali), Compiled by Haridasa Dasa, Haribol Kutir, Navadvipa, W. Bengal, 1957.
* [[Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada]], A.C., The Nectar of Devotion, 1970, Los Angeles: The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. (A summary study of ''[[Bhakti-rasamrita-sindhu]].'')
* Swami, Dhanurdhara, [http://www.wavesofdevotion.com Waves of Devotion], 2000, Bhagavat Books {{ISBN|0-9703581-0-5}}. (A study guide to ''The Nectar of Devotion.'')

==External links==
* [http://gaudiyahistory.iskcondesiretree.com/tag/rupa-goswami/ Rupa Goswami - Gaudiya History]
* [http://vedabase.com/en/noi Upadesamrta (The Nectar of Instruction)] – English translation by [[A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada]]
* [http://vedabase.com/en/nod Nectar of Devotion] – A summary study of Bhakti-rasamrita-sindhu by [[A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada]]
*[http://www.krishna.com/ Website On Krishna] (krishna.com)
*[http://www.bhakti-sastri.com/ Online study of Rupa Goswami's Nectar of Devotion] (bhakti-sastri.com)

{{Caitanya sampradaya}}
{{Modern Gaudiya Vaishnavas}}
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[[Category:1489 births]]
[[Category:1564 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali male poets]]
[[Category:Gaudiya religious leaders]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:Devotees of Krishna]]
[[Category:Bengali philosophers]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:People from Jessore District]]
[[Category:16th-century Bengali poets]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindu saints]]