Rukmini - Revision history

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	==Etymology and epithets==		==Etymology and epithets==
	{{Vaishnavism}}		{{Vaishnavism}}
	The name ''Rukmini'' is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] word ''Rukma'' which means 'radiant', 'clear' or 'bright'.<ref name = "Monier" >{{Cite book\|last=Monier-Williams\|first=Monier\|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=_3NWAAAAcAAJ&q=Wife+of+Indra&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Rukma&f=false\|title=A Sanskrit-English Dictionary\|date=1872\|publisher=Clarendon\|language=en\|p=847}}</ref> The name can also mean 'decorated with gold ornaments'.<ref name="Chandra">{{Cite book\|last=Chandra\|first=Suresh\|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=mfTE6kpz6XEC&q=Puranic+Encyclopaedia+puloman&pg=PA154&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Rukmini&f=false\|title=Encyclopaedia of Hindu Gods and Goddesses\|date=1998\|publisher=Sarup & Sons\|isbn=978-81-7625-039-9\|language=en}}</ref~~><ref name = "Monier" /~~> Other names and epithets include:		The name ''Rukmini'' is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] word ''Rukma'' which means 'radiant', 'clear' or 'bright'.<ref name = "Monier" >{{Cite book\|last=Monier-Williams\|first=Monier\|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=_3NWAAAAcAAJ&q=Wife+of+Indra&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Rukma&f=false\|title=A Sanskrit-English Dictionary\|date=1872\|publisher=Clarendon\|language=en\|p=847}}</ref> The name can also mean 'decorated with gold ornaments'.<ref name = "Monier" /><ref name="Chandra">{{Cite book\|last=Chandra\|first=Suresh\|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=mfTE6kpz6XEC&q=Puranic+Encyclopaedia+puloman&pg=PA154&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Rukmini&f=false\|title=Encyclopaedia of Hindu Gods and Goddesses\|date=1998\|publisher=Sarup & Sons\|isbn=978-81-7625-039-9\|language=en}}</ref> Other names and epithets include:
	*''Shree'' – [[Lakshmi]], Goddess of Fortune		*''Shree'' – [[Lakshmi]], Goddess of Fortune
	*''Ruciranana'' – One who has a beautiful face, expanding like a lotus flower		*''Ruciranana'' – One who has a beautiful face, expanding like a lotus flower
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	Meanwhile, in Vidarbha's capital [[Kundina]], Bhishmaka had prepared everything for Rukmini's marriage. Shishupala, along with his allies including Jarasandha reached there. Krishna and Balaram had also arrived and Bhishmaka welcomed them. At the palace, Rukmini had lost her hopes, but the brahmana messenger came and informed that Krishna had accepted her request. The next day, she went to the temple to offer her prayers to Ambika. As she proceeded towards the wedding place, she saw Krishna and he soon swept her into his [[chariot]] with him. All of Jarasandha's forces quickly started chasing them, but they were stopped by Balarama and his army.<ref name = "Shyam" />		Meanwhile, in Vidarbha's capital [[Kundina]], Bhishmaka had prepared everything for Rukmini's marriage. Shishupala, along with his allies including Jarasandha reached there. Krishna and Balaram had also arrived and Bhishmaka welcomed them. At the palace, Rukmini had lost her hopes, but the brahmana messenger came and informed that Krishna had accepted her request. The next day, she went to the temple to offer her prayers to Ambika. As she proceeded towards the wedding place, she saw Krishna and he soon swept her into his [[chariot]] with him. All of Jarasandha's forces quickly started chasing them, but they were stopped by Balarama and his army.<ref name = "Shyam" />
	<!---In an account slightly differing from that of the [[Bhagavat Purana]], in the play "Rukmini Horon" by the 15th-century [[Assamese Language\|Assamese]] playwright [[Sankardev\|Srimanta Sankaradeva]],<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Neog\|first=Maheswar\|title=Early History of the Vaiṣṇava Faith and Movement in Assam: Śaṅkaradeva and His Times\|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]\|year=1980\|location=Delhi\|pages=162–207}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|last=Rajan\|first=Anjana\|date=10 November 2017\|title=Beyond the nine rasas\|work=[[The Hindu]]\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/beyond-the-nine-rasas/article20033870.ece\|access-date=22 May 2021}}</ref> [[Uddhava]] too accompanies Krishna in his campaign."<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Kashyap\|first=Uruli\|date=10 September 2018\|title=''Rukmini Horon natot natyokar Srimanta Sankardevor moulikota''\|url=https://nilacharai.com/rukmini-haran-naatat-srimanta-sankardevar-moulikata/\|url-status=live\|access-date=22 May 2021\|website=Nila Charai}}</ref>--->		<!---In an account slightly differing from that of the [[Bhagavat Purana]], in the play "Rukmini Horon" by the 15th-century [[Assamese Language\|Assamese]] playwright [[Sankardev\|Srimanta Sankaradeva]],<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Neog\|first=Maheswar\|title=Early History of the Vaiṣṇava Faith and Movement in Assam: Śaṅkaradeva and His Times\|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]\|year=1980\|location=Delhi\|pages=162–207}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|last=Rajan\|first=Anjana\|date=10 November 2017\|title=Beyond the nine rasas\|work=[[The Hindu]]\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/beyond-the-nine-rasas/article20033870.ece\|access-date=22 May 2021}}</ref> [[Uddhava]] too accompanies Krishna in his campaign."<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Kashyap\|first=Uruli\|date=10 September 2018\|title=''Rukmini Horon natot natyokar Srimanta Sankardevor moulikota''\|url=https://nilacharai.com/rukmini-haran-naatat-srimanta-sankardevar-moulikata/\|url-status=live\|access-date=22 May 2021\|website=Nila Charai}}</ref>--->
	However, Rukmi chased after Krishna and Rukmini.<ref name="bg">{{cite book\|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Kathiawar (Public Domain text)\|url=https://archive.org/details/1884GazetteerByBombayPresidencyVol8Kathiawar349D\|year=1884\|publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press, Bombay\|volume=VIII\|pages=380–381}}</ref> He challenged Krishna for a fight, but was easily overpowered by him. Rukmini begged Krishna to spare her brother's life and he agreed. However, he shaved Rukmi's hair and moustache as a mark of punishment and let him go free. Krishna and Rukmini reached Dvarka, where they were welcomed with great pomp and ceremony. A wedding was then conducted.<ref name = "~~Shyam~~" /><ref name = "~~Mani~~" /><ref name="bg"/>		However, Rukmi chased after Krishna and Rukmini.<ref name="bg">{{cite book\|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Kathiawar (Public Domain text)\|url=https://archive.org/details/1884GazetteerByBombayPresidencyVol8Kathiawar349D\|year=1884\|publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press, Bombay\|volume=VIII\|pages=380–381}}</ref> He challenged Krishna for a fight, but was easily overpowered by him. Rukmini begged Krishna to spare her brother's life and he agreed. However, he shaved Rukmi's hair and moustache as a mark of punishment and let him go free. Krishna and Rukmini reached Dvarka, where they were welcomed with great pomp and ceremony. A wedding was then conducted.<ref name = "Mani" /><ref name = "Shyam" /><ref name="bg"/>

	===Children===		===Children===
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	===Marital life===		===Marital life===
	[[File:MADRAS12.JPG\|thumb\|Statue of Krishna with Rukmini {{mdash}} who proved her superiority over [[Satyabhama]] through her love and devotion]]		[[File:MADRAS12.JPG\|thumb\|Statue of Krishna with Rukmini {{mdash}} who proved her superiority over [[Satyabhama]] through her love and devotion]]
	Though Krishna married many other women, Rukmini remained his chief consort and the queen of Dvarka. Many scriptures and folktales mention that [[Satyabhama]], Krishna's another wife, was jealous of her and used to quarrel a lot.<ref name="Lavanya"> {{Cite book\|last=Vemsani\|first=Lavanya \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4fw2DAAAQBAJ&q=Subhadra+reincarnation&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Rukmini%20satyabhama&f=false\|title=Krishna in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names\|date=2016-06-13\|publisher=ABC-CLIO\|isbn=978-1-61069-211-3\|language=en\|p=~~90-92~~}}</ref>		Though Krishna married many other women, Rukmini remained his chief consort and the queen of Dvarka. Many scriptures and folktales mention that [[Satyabhama]], Krishna's another wife, was jealous of her and used to quarrel a lot.<ref name="Lavanya">{{Cite book\|last=Vemsani\|first=Lavanya \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4fw2DAAAQBAJ&q=Subhadra+reincarnation&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Rukmini%20satyabhama&f=false\|title=Krishna in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names\|date=2016-06-13\|publisher=ABC-CLIO\|isbn=978-1-61069-211-3\|language=en\|p=90–92}}</ref>

	According to a folktale of Odisha, the divine-sage [[Narada]] once arrived in Dwaraka and asked for Krishna to be given to him as alms. Krishna's queens requested him to take anything else and Narada asked them to give wealth equal to Krishna's weight. They arranged for a big scale ([[Tulabharama]]) to be put up. Satyabhama put all of her coins, gems and jewellery on the scale, but it doesn't budge. Other wives gave their jewels, but it was of no use. At last, Rukmini came and put a single leaf of [[Tulsi in Hinduism\|Tulsi]] on the scale and chanted that it represented her love for Krishna. The scales then became balanced. Though this story is absent in the main scriptures pertaining to Krishna's life, it is often repeated to enunciate the worth of Rukmini's love over Satyabhama's material wealth.<ref name="Devdut">{{Cite book\|last=Pattanaik\|first=Devdutt\|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rjL3ogbdJNkC&pg=PA27&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Rukmini&f=false\|title=The Goddess in India: The Five Faces of the Eternal Feminine\|date=September 2000\|publisher=Inner Traditions / Bear & Co\|isbn=978-0-89281-807-5\|language=en}}</ref>		According to a folktale of Odisha, the divine-sage [[Narada]] once arrived in Dwaraka and asked for Krishna to be given to him as alms. Krishna's queens requested him to take anything else and Narada asked them to give wealth equal to Krishna's weight. They arranged for a big scale ([[Tulabharama]]) to be put up. Satyabhama put all of her coins, gems and jewellery on the scale, but it doesn't budge. Other wives gave their jewels, but it was of no use. At last, Rukmini came and put a single leaf of [[Tulsi in Hinduism\|Tulsi]] on the scale and chanted that it represented her love for Krishna. The scales then became balanced. Though this story is absent in the main scriptures pertaining to Krishna's life, it is often repeated to enunciate the worth of Rukmini's love over Satyabhama's material wealth.<ref name="Devdut">{{Cite book\|last=Pattanaik\|first=Devdutt\|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rjL3ogbdJNkC&pg=PA27&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Rukmini&f=false\|title=The Goddess in India: The Five Faces of the Eternal Feminine\|date=September 2000\|publisher=Inner Traditions / Bear & Co\|isbn=978-0-89281-807-5\|language=en}}</ref>
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	==Worship and influence==		==Worship and influence==
	[[File:Rukmini Devi ji Temple.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Rukmini Devi temple in [[Dwarka]]]][[File:Vitthal - Rakhumai.jpg\|thumb\|[[Vithoba]] (left) with his consort Rakhumai at the [[Sion, Mumbai\|Sion]] Vitthal temple, [[Mumbai]], decorated with jewellery during the Hindu festival of [[Diwali]]]]		[[File:Rukmini Devi ji Temple.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Rukmini Devi temple in [[Dwarka]]]][[File:Vitthal - Rakhumai.jpg\|thumb\|[[Vithoba]] (left) with his consort Rakhumai at the [[Sion, Mumbai\|Sion]] Vitthal temple, [[Mumbai]], decorated with jewellery during the Hindu festival of [[Diwali]]]]
	Rukmini is mainly worshipped in west and [[south Indian]] states such as [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Karnataka]], [[Goa]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Rukmini's kingdom, Vidarbha, is believed to be located in the present day Maharashtra. Along with [[Vithoba]] (a regional form of Krishna), Rukmini is worshipped as "Rukhamai" in [[Pandharpur]] region.<ref name = "Pilai" >{{Cite book\|last=Pillai\|first=S. Devadas\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P3uD22Ghqs4C&q=vithoba&pg=PA367\|title=Indian Sociology Through Ghurye, a Dictionary\|date=1997\|publisher=Popular Prakashan\|isbn=978-81-7154-807-1\|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Shyam">{{Cite book\|last=Pattanaik\|first=Devdutt\|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Ux1eDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=shyam+an+illustrated+retelling+of+the+bhagavata&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Rukmini&f=false\|title=Shyam: An Illustrated Retelling of the Bhagavata\|date=2018-07-01\|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited\|isbn=978-93-5305-100-6\|language=en}}</ref> She is also worshipped in [[Pandava Thoothar Perumal Temple]] as the chief goddess, with Krishna being the primary deity.		Rukmini is mainly worshipped in west and [[south Indian]] states such as [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Karnataka]], [[Goa]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Rukmini's kingdom, Vidarbha, is believed to be located in the present day Maharashtra. Along with [[Vithoba]] (a regional form of Krishna), Rukmini is worshipped as "Rukhamai" in [[Pandharpur]] region.<ref name="Shyam">{{Cite book\|last=Pattanaik\|first=Devdutt\|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Ux1eDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=shyam+an+illustrated+retelling+of+the+bhagavata&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Rukmini&f=false\|title=Shyam: An Illustrated Retelling of the Bhagavata\|date=2018-07-01\|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited\|isbn=978-93-5305-100-6\|language=en}}</ref><ref name = "Pilai" >{{Cite book\|last=Pillai\|first=S. Devadas\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P3uD22Ghqs4C&q=vithoba&pg=PA367\|title=Indian Sociology Through Ghurye, a Dictionary\|date=1997\|publisher=Popular Prakashan\|isbn=978-81-7154-807-1\|language=en}}</ref> She is also worshipped in [[Pandava Thoothar Perumal Temple]] as the chief goddess, with Krishna being the primary deity.

	The [[Mishmi people]] of [[Arunanchal Pradesh]] believe that Rukmini belonged to their tribe. The plays and dances on ‘Rukmini Haran’ are common. There is a legend that Krishna asked the Mishmi people to cut their hair as a form of punishment for not allowing him to marry Rukmini. Due to this Idu-Mishmi people are also called "chulikata" (chuli-hair, kata- cut).<ref>{{cite news \| url=https://indianexpress.com/article/research/fact-check-did-rukmini-come-from-arunachal-pradesh-madhavpur-mela-guajat-vijay-rupani-mahesh-sharma-5116300/ \| title=Fact Check: Did Rukmini come from Arunachal Pradesh? Here is what we know \| date=29 March 2018 \| newspaper=The Indian Express \| first=Adrija \| last=Roychowdhury \| access-date=26 November 2020 }}</ref>		The [[Mishmi people]] of [[Arunanchal Pradesh]] believe that Rukmini belonged to their tribe. The plays and dances on ‘Rukmini Haran’ are common. There is a legend that Krishna asked the Mishmi people to cut their hair as a form of punishment for not allowing him to marry Rukmini. Due to this Idu-Mishmi people are also called "chulikata" (chuli-hair, kata- cut).<ref>{{cite news \| url=https://indianexpress.com/article/research/fact-check-did-rukmini-come-from-arunachal-pradesh-madhavpur-mela-guajat-vijay-rupani-mahesh-sharma-5116300/ \| title=Fact Check: Did Rukmini come from Arunachal Pradesh? Here is what we know \| date=29 March 2018 \| newspaper=The Indian Express \| first=Adrija \| last=Roychowdhury \| access-date=26 November 2020 }}</ref>

imported>Dāsānudāsa: Undid revision 1040561991 by 2409:4073:2E85:4D9B:0:0:B049:D000 (talk) not a typo

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Undid revision 1040561991 by 2409:4073:2E85:4D9B:0:0:B049:D000 (talk) not a typo

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{{short description|Chief consort of the Hindu god Krishna}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{other uses}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| image = Rukmini LACMA.jpg
| caption = 12th–13th century sculpture of Rukmini from [[Tamil Nadu]].
| name = Rukmini
| script = {{lang|sa|रूक्मिणी}}
| script_name = Devanagri
| god_of =
| other_names = Dwarkeshvari,Vaidarbhi, Bhaishmi, Rakhumai
| abode = [[Dvārakā|Dvarka]], [[Pandharpur]], [[Vaikuntha]]
| affiliation = [[Avatar]] of [[Lakshmi]], [[Devi]], [[Ashtabharya]]
| texts = [[Vishnu Puran]], [[Bhagavata Puran]], [[Mahabharata]], [[Harivamsa]], [[Rukminisha Vijaya]], [[Skanda Purana]]
| festivals = Rukmini Ashtami, Rukmini Dwadashi
| siblings = [[Rukmi]] and four other brothers
| consort = [[Krishna]]
| children = {{ubl|[[Pradyumna]] and nine other [[#Children|sons]]|Charumati (daughter)}}
| father = [[Bhishmaka]]
| birth_place = [[Vidarbha Kingdom]]
| death_place = [[Dvārakā|Dwaraka]]
| dynasty = [[Vrishni]]
[[Yadavas]] (by marriage)
}}

'''Rukmini''' ({{lang-sa|रुक्मिणी}}, {{IAST3|Rukmiṇī}}, {{lit|radiant or adorned with gold}}) is a [[Devi|Hindu goddess]] and the first [[Ashtabharya|queen consort]] of [[Krishna]]—an avatar of the god [[Vishnu]]. She is described as an [[avatar]] of [[Lakshmi]], the consort of Vishnu.

Born to King [[Bhishmaka]] of [[Vidarbha kingdom]], Rukmini is described to be beautiful, intelligent and virtuous. When her brother [[Rukmi]] tried to forcefully get her married to [[Shishupala]], she asked Krishna to abduct her. Krishna heroically eloped with her and they had ten children including [[Pradyumna]].

Rukmini is mainly worshipped in [[Maharashtra]] and [[South India]]. The people of Maharashtra venerate her with [[Vithoba]] (a regional form of Krishna) and call her Rakhumai.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bryant|first=Edwin Francis|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=HVDqCkW1WpUC&printsec=copyright#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Krishna: A Sourcebook|date=2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-803400-1|language=en}}</ref> In South India, she is worshipped along with Krishna and his co-wife [[Satyabhama]].

==Etymology and epithets==
{{Vaishnavism}}
The name ''Rukmini'' is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] word ''Rukma'' which means 'radiant', 'clear' or 'bright'.<ref name = "Monier" >{{Cite book|last=Monier-Williams|first=Monier|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=_3NWAAAAcAAJ&q=Wife+of+Indra&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Rukma&f=false|title=A Sanskrit-English Dictionary|date=1872|publisher=Clarendon|language=en|p=847}}</ref> The name can also mean 'decorated with gold ornaments'.<ref name="Chandra">{{Cite book|last=Chandra|first=Suresh|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=mfTE6kpz6XEC&q=Puranic+Encyclopaedia+puloman&pg=PA154&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Rukmini&f=false|title=Encyclopaedia of Hindu Gods and Goddesses|date=1998|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-039-9|language=en}}</ref><ref name = "Monier" /> Other names and epithets include:
*''Shree'' – [[Lakshmi]], Goddess of Fortune
*''Ruciranana'' – One who has a beautiful face, expanding like a lotus flower
*''Vaidarbhi'' – she who is from the kingdom of [[Vidarbha]].<ref name="JA">{{Cite book|last=Louis-Frédéric|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=B04OAQAAMAAJ&dq=Vaidarbhi+also+known+rukmini&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Rukmini|title=Encyclopaedia of Asian Civilizations: N-R|date=1977|publisher=L. Frédéric|isbn=978-2-85893-050-0|language=en|p=492}}</ref>
*'' Bhaishmi'' – Daughter of Bhishmaka.<ref name = "JA" />
*''Rakhumai'' – Mother Rukmini.<ref name = "JA" />
*''Chiryauvana '' – One who is forever young. Rukmini was given the boon of staying young forever by Rishi Durvasa who was pleased by Her hospitality during His visit to Dwaraka.
*''Pradyumna Jananī'' – Mother of [[Pradyumna]]

==Legends==
[[File:Unknown_Indian_-_Krishna_Abducting_Rukmani_from_the_Temple_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|left|thumb|upright|19th-century painting depicting Rukmini eloping with Krishna from a temple of Ambika ([[Parvati]]).]]

According to the epic ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and other ''[[Puranic]]'' scriptures, Rukmini was born to [[Bhishmaka]]—the king of [[Vidarbha]] kingdom—and had five elder brothers, among whom [[Rukmi]] was the eldest. Many [[Puranas]] such as ''[[Vishnu Purana]]'', ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'', and ''[[Padma Purana]]'' praise her as an incarnation of [[Lakshmi]], the wife of the god [[Vishnu]].<ref name="Mani">{{Cite book|last=Mani|first=Vettam|url=https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/657/mode/2up|title=Puranic encyclopaedia : a comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature|date=1975|publisher=Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass|others=Robarts - University of Toronto|p=657}}</ref>
===Marriage===
The ''Bhagavata Purana'' narrates that Rukmini once heard about [[Krishna]] and his heroic deeds such as slaying the tyrant king [[Kamsa]] and opposing the evil king [[Jarasandha]]. She fell in love with him and desired to marry him. Rukmini's parents rejoiced and gave their permission but Rukmi—who was an ally of Jarasandha—strongly opposed it. Instead, he proposed that she be married to his friend [[Shishupala]]—the crown prince of [[Chedi Kingdom|Chedi kingdom]] and a cousin of Krishna.<ref name = "Mani" /><ref name="Ch51">{{Cite web|title=CHAPTER FIFTY-TWO|url=https://vedabase.io/en/library/sb/10/52/|access-date=2021-06-14|website=vedabase.io|language=en}}</ref>{{efn|Shishupala was also a vassal and close associate of Jarasandha and hence an ally of Rukmi.}} Bhishmaka agreed and a distressed Rukmini immediately sent for a trusted [[brahmina]] and asked him to deliver a message to Krishna.<ref name = "Mani" /> In the message, she told Krishna about her love and asked him to abduct her when she would visit the temple of Goddess Ambika ([[Parvati]]) before her wedding. Krishna, having received the message in [[Dvarka]], told the brahmin to inform Rukmini that he had also heard about her and was ready to make her his wife. Krishna then immediately set out for Vidarbha with [[Balarama]], his elder brother.<ref name="Ch51" />
[[File:Indian School, late 18th century - The marriage of Krishna and Rukmini. - RCIN 1005113.w - Royal Collection.jpg|150px|thumb|left|A late 18th-century painting depicting the marriage of Krishna and Rukmini.]]
Meanwhile, in Vidarbha's capital [[Kundina]], Bhishmaka had prepared everything for Rukmini's marriage. Shishupala, along with his allies including Jarasandha reached there. Krishna and Balaram had also arrived and Bhishmaka welcomed them. At the palace, Rukmini had lost her hopes, but the brahmana messenger came and informed that Krishna had accepted her request. The next day, she went to the temple to offer her prayers to Ambika. As she proceeded towards the wedding place, she saw Krishna and he soon swept her into his [[chariot]] with him. All of Jarasandha's forces quickly started chasing them, but they were stopped by Balarama and his army.<ref name = "Shyam" />

However, Rukmi chased after Krishna and Rukmini.<ref name="bg">{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Kathiawar (Public Domain text)|url=https://archive.org/details/1884GazetteerByBombayPresidencyVol8Kathiawar349D|year=1884|publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press, Bombay|volume=VIII|pages=380–381}}</ref> He challenged Krishna for a fight, but was easily overpowered by him. Rukmini begged Krishna to spare her brother's life and he agreed. However, he shaved Rukmi's hair and moustache as a mark of punishment and let him go free. Krishna and Rukmini reached Dvarka, where they were welcomed with great pomp and ceremony. A wedding was then conducted.<ref name = "Shyam" /><ref name = "Mani" /><ref name="bg"/>

===Children===
The ''Bhagavata Purana'' states that Rukmini and Krishna had ten sons—[[Pradyumna]], Charudeshna, Sudeshna, Charudeha, Sucharu, Charugupta, Bhadracharu, Charuchandra, Vicharu and Charu.<ref name = "Mani" /><ref name = "Sinha" >{{Cite book|last=Sinha|first=Purnendu Narayana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OveYh2v-1roC&q=sons+of+krishna&pg=PT691|title=A Study of the Bhagavata Purana: Or, Esoteric Hinduism|date=1950|publisher=Library of Alexandria|isbn=978-1-4655-2506-2|language=en}}</ref> In the ''[[Harivamsa]]'', Rukmini's sons are Pradyumna, Charudeshna, Charuchandra, Charugarbha, Sudangstra, Druma, Sushena, Charugupta, Charuvinda and Chharuvahu. A different listing is found in ''[[Anushasana Parva]]'' of the ''Mahabharata'', where Pradyumna, Charudeshna, Sucharu, Charuvesa, Yasodhana, Charusravas, Charuyasas and Sambhu are Rukmini's sons.<ref name = "Mani" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 13: Anusasana Parva: Anusasanika Parva: Section XIV|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m13/m13a014.htm|access-date=2021-06-18|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref> These scriptures also mention that Rukmini had a daughter named Charumati.<ref name="Dalal">{{Cite book|last=Dalal|first=Roshen|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&q=Pradyumna+Charudeshna#v=snippet&q=Rukmini&f=false|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|date=2010|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-341421-6|language=en}}</ref>

===Marital life===
[[File:MADRAS12.JPG|thumb|Statue of Krishna with Rukmini {{mdash}} who proved her superiority over [[Satyabhama]] through her love and devotion]]
Though Krishna married many other women, Rukmini remained his chief consort and the queen of Dvarka. Many scriptures and folktales mention that [[Satyabhama]], Krishna's another wife, was jealous of her and used to quarrel a lot.<ref name="Lavanya"> {{Cite book|last=Vemsani|first=Lavanya |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4fw2DAAAQBAJ&q=Subhadra+reincarnation&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Rukmini%20satyabhama&f=false|title=Krishna in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names|date=2016-06-13|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-61069-211-3|language=en|p=90-92}}</ref>

According to a folktale of Odisha, the divine-sage [[Narada]] once arrived in Dwaraka and asked for Krishna to be given to him as alms. Krishna's queens requested him to take anything else and Narada asked them to give wealth equal to Krishna's weight. They arranged for a big scale ([[Tulabharama]]) to be put up. Satyabhama put all of her coins, gems and jewellery on the scale, but it doesn't budge. Other wives gave their jewels, but it was of no use. At last, Rukmini came and put a single leaf of [[Tulsi in Hinduism|Tulsi]] on the scale and chanted that it represented her love for Krishna. The scales then became balanced. Though this story is absent in the main scriptures pertaining to Krishna's life, it is often repeated to enunciate the worth of Rukmini's love over Satyabhama's material wealth.<ref name="Devdut">{{Cite book|last=Pattanaik|first=Devdutt|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rjL3ogbdJNkC&pg=PA27&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Rukmini&f=false|title=The Goddess in India: The Five Faces of the Eternal Feminine|date=September 2000|publisher=Inner Traditions / Bear & Co|isbn=978-0-89281-807-5|language=en}}</ref>

In the ''Bhagavata Purana'', another well-known incident in Rukmini's married life is narrated. When Krishna's childhood friend, [[Sudama]], visited Dwarka. Rukmini welcomed Sudama and gave him food. She and Krishna fanned him as he rested from his long journey. This type of devotion is a characteristic of Rukmini, that was very prevalent.{{sfn|Mani|1975|p=437}}

===Death===
After the disappearance of Krishna, after the Yadu massacre, Rukmini along with Jambavati ascends herself on a pyre.<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m16/m16007.htm Dio Mahabharate.] „''Rukmini, the princess of Gandhara, Saivya, Haimavati, and queen Jamvabati ascended the funeral pyre''.”</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vijayakumar|first=Lakshmi|date=2004-01-01|title=Altruistic Suicide in India|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13811110490243804|journal=Archives of Suicide Research|volume=8|issue=1|pages=73–80|doi=10.1080/13811110490243804|issn=1381-1118|pmid=16006390}}</ref>

==Worship and influence==
[[File:Rukmini Devi ji Temple.jpg|thumb|left|Rukmini Devi temple in [[Dwarka]]]][[File:Vitthal - Rakhumai.jpg|thumb|[[Vithoba]] (left) with his consort Rakhumai at the [[Sion, Mumbai|Sion]] Vitthal temple, [[Mumbai]], decorated with jewellery during the Hindu festival of [[Diwali]]]]
Rukmini is mainly worshipped in west and [[south Indian]] states such as [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Karnataka]], [[Goa]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Rukmini's kingdom, Vidarbha, is believed to be located in the present day Maharashtra. Along with [[Vithoba]] (a regional form of Krishna), Rukmini is worshipped as "Rukhamai" in [[Pandharpur]] region.<ref name = "Pilai" >{{Cite book|last=Pillai|first=S. Devadas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P3uD22Ghqs4C&q=vithoba&pg=PA367|title=Indian Sociology Through Ghurye, a Dictionary|date=1997|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7154-807-1|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Shyam">{{Cite book|last=Pattanaik|first=Devdutt|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Ux1eDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=shyam+an+illustrated+retelling+of+the+bhagavata&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Rukmini&f=false|title=Shyam: An Illustrated Retelling of the Bhagavata|date=2018-07-01|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited|isbn=978-93-5305-100-6|language=en}}</ref> She is also worshipped in [[Pandava Thoothar Perumal Temple]] as the chief goddess, with Krishna being the primary deity.

The [[Mishmi people]] of [[Arunanchal Pradesh]] believe that Rukmini belonged to their tribe. The plays and dances on ‘Rukmini Haran’ are common. There is a legend that Krishna asked the Mishmi people to cut their hair as a form of punishment for not allowing him to marry Rukmini. Due to this Idu-Mishmi people are also called "chulikata" (chuli-hair, kata- cut).<ref>{{cite news | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/research/fact-check-did-rukmini-come-from-arunachal-pradesh-madhavpur-mela-guajat-vijay-rupani-mahesh-sharma-5116300/ | title=Fact Check: Did Rukmini come from Arunachal Pradesh? Here is what we know | date=29 March 2018 | newspaper=The Indian Express | first=Adrija | last=Roychowdhury | access-date=26 November 2020 }}</ref>

In 1480, Rukmini Devi's servant messenger is believed to have appeared in this world as [[Vadirajatirtha]] (1480–1600), the greatest saint in the [[Madhvacharya]] tradition. He composed a famous work [[Rukminishavijaya]] glorifying Rukmini and Krishna in 1240 verses spread over 19 chapters.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}

The [[Kantajew Temple|Kantajew]] Temple at Kantanagar, is a late-medieval [[Hindus|Hindu]] temple in Dinajpur, [[Bangladesh]]. The Kantajew Temple is one of the most magnificent religious edifices belonging to the 18th century. This beautiful temple is dedicated to Krishna and his wife Rukmini Built by Maharaja Pran Nath, its construction started in 1704 CE and ended in the reign of his son Raja Ramnath in 1722 CE. It boasts one of the greatest examples of [[terracotta]] architecture in Bangladesh and once had nine spires, but all were destroyed in an earthquake that took place in 1897.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

Rukmini is believed to have been born on eighth day of the month of ''Pausha Krishna Paksha'' and this day is celebrated as Rukmini Janmashtami.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |title=Rukmini Kalyanam (Sanskrit) |author=Rajachudamani Dikshita |author2= English introduction, P.P. Subramanya Sastry |publisher=Sri Vani Vilas Press, Srirangam |year=1920|url=https://archive.org/stream/rukminikalyanamw00rajauoft#page/n3/mode/2up }}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{commons category}}
* [http://vedabase.net/sb/10/53/en1 Srimad-Bhagavatam: Krishna kidnaps Rukmini]
{{HinduMythology}}
{{Krishna}}

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[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Hindu goddesses]]
[[Category:Lakshmi]]
[[Category:Characters in the Bhagavata Purana]]
[[Category:Consorts of Krishna]]