TrinaAshby9096: made the info w/ refs

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made the info w/ refs

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{{Short description|Village in Rutog County, Ngari, Tibet}}
{{about|the historic Tibetan town|the modern town|Rutog Town}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Rudok
|official_name = 日土村
|native_name = རུ་ཐོག་དགོན
|native_name_lang = bo
|other_name = Rutok, Rutog
|settlement_type = Village
|image_skyline = Ruthog_Dzong_Tibet.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_alt = Rudok village and [[dzong]]
|image_caption = Rudok village and [[dzong]]<br/>(The hillside is dotted with the ruins of numerous buildings destroyed during the [[cultural revolution]]){{sfn|Lonely Planet|1999|p=280}}
|nickname = Rudok Dzong
|pushpin_map = China Tibet#Kashmir
|pushpin_map_alt = Location in [[Tibet Autonomous Region]]
|pushpin_map_caption =
|pushpin_label_position = right
|coordinates = {{coord|33.4161|79.6433 |type:city|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = China
|subdivision_type1 = Province
|subdivision_name1 = [[Tibet Autonomous Region]]
|subdivision_type2 = Prefecture
|subdivision_name2 = [[Ngari Prefecture]]
|subdivision_type3 = County
|subdivision_name3 = [[Rutog County]]
|subdivision_type4 = Township
|subdivision_name4 = [[Rutog Town]]
|established_title =
|established_date = {{circa|1000}}
|unit_pref = Metric
|area_footnotes =
|area_note =

|area_total_km2 =
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 4250
|population_footnotes =
|population_as_of =
|population_total =
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_note =
|population_demonym =
|timezone1 =
|utc_offset1 =
|postal_code_type =
|postal_code =
|area_code_type =
|area_code = +86 (0) 897
|footnotes =
}}
'''Rudok''', also spelt '''Rutok''' and '''Rutog''',{{efn|The standard British spelling of the town is "Rudok".{{sfn|Wakefield|1961|p=118}} [[Encyclopedia Britannica]] states that the modern spelling is "Rutog".<ref name=EB1911/> Tourist guides often spell it as "Rutok".<ref name="Lonely Planet 2008"/> Other spellings include '''Ruduk''',<ref>{{cite book |last=Strachey |first=Capt. H. |chapter=Physical Geography of Western Tibet |publisher=Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain) |title=The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, Volume 23 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ASo7AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA13 |year=1853 |pages=1–68}}</ref> '''Ruthog''',{{sfn|Cunningham|1854|pp=327–328}} and '''Rodakh'''.{{sfn|Handa|2001|pp=159–160}}}} more properly '''Rudok Dzong'''<ref>{{harvnb|Report of the Officials|2016|p=341}}: 'During the discussions the Chinese side cited a document which stated that "Chushul was very close to the Naga of Mordo of '''Rudok Dzong'''".' [The term in this context means the ''district'' administered by Rudok Dzong.]</ref> ({{bo|t=རུ་ཐོག་དགོན|w=Ru thogs rdzong}}),{{efn|[[Luciano Petech]] transliterates the name as '''Ru-t'og''',{{sfn|Petech|1977|p=30}} while Zahiruddin Ahmad writes '''Ru-thogs'''.{{sfn|Ahmad|1963|p=30}}}} is a town that served as the historical capital of the Rudok area in [[Ngari Prefecture|Western Tibet]] on the frontier with [[Ladakh]]. In the [[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|1911 Encyclopædia Britannica]], it is described as being "picturesquely situated" on the side of a hill standing isolated in the plain near the east end of [[Lake Pangong]].<ref name=EB1911/>

Initially part of Ladakh when the kingdom was [[Maryul|founded]] in the 10th century, Rudok was separated from Ladakh after of the [[Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal War]] in 1684 and annexed to [[Central Tibet]]. Close economic relations between Ladakh and Rudok nevertheless continued until the [[Chinese annexation of Tibet]] in 1949. China discontinued trade between Ladakh and Rudok,<ref>
{{harvnb|Bhasin|2021|loc=Chapter 7}}: 'India felt it was imperative to open the two passes, Rudok and Rawang, which directly linked Ladakh to Tibet, in order to facilitate Ladakh's links with Tibet. As India pressed for this, the Chinese shocked the Indians, suggesting: ".. the question of Kashmir is pending settlement through negotiations between India and Pakistan..."'
</ref> and developed Rudok into a military base for prosecuting its border claims against Ladakh.<ref>
{{citation |last=Bhargava |title=The Battle of NEFA – the Undeclared War |publisher=Allied Publishers |year=1964 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3268 |via=archie.org |page=5}} : "For instance, Gartok and Rudok, which had been developed into heavily fortified military centres, were the bases from which enemy patrols probed our [Indian] border positions."
</ref>

Around the year 2000, the Chinese administration of Tibet built a new [[Rutog Town]] about 10 km east of Rudok, adjacent to the [[China National Highway 219]], and moved the county headquarters there. The original town is now regarded as a "village" ({{zh|t=日土村|p=Rì tǔ cūn}}) within the township of the new town. The original town also took considerable damage during the [[Cultural Revolution]] and lost much of its grandeur. It is still recommended as a tourist destination by a number of guide books.<ref name="Lonely Planet 2008">{{citation |last1=Mayhew |first1=Bradley |last2=Bellezza |first2=John Vincent |last3=Kelley |first3=Robert|title=Tibet |publisher=Lonely Planet |year=2008 |url=https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanettibe00brad_1 |via=archive.org |url-access=registration |pages=237–238|isbn=9781741045697 }}</ref>

==Geography==
<mapframe text="Rutog Dzong (日土村) and Rutog Town (日土县)"
width=300 height=250 zoom=11 align=left latitude=33.416 longitude=79.643 />
[[File:Ruthog Gompa Tibet.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Rudok monastery]]
Rudok is centred on a small hill on the bank of a tributary called '''Chuling Chu''' of the [[Maga Tsangpo]] river. Chuling Chu joins the latter about 4 km downstream and the combined river flows into the southeastern end of the [[Pangong Lake]] further 4 km down. Maga Tsangpo is one of the largest affluents of the Pangong Lake.

[[Sir Edward Wakefield, 1st Baronet|E. B. Wakefield]], the first European to visit Rudok in 1929, described the purple and black hill, rising high above the level of the surrounding plain, crowned by the Dzongpön's palace, which seemed "beautiful and impressive and worthy of [its] sanctity".{{sfn|Wakefield|1961|pp=127–128}} The village was built around the hill, at its base as well as on the hill slopes.
The houses were built in tiers, whitewashed and walled in.<ref name=EB1911/>

According to the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica, at the top of the hill were a large palace ([[dzong]]) and several monasteries painted in red.<ref name=EB1911/> Modern travel literature names them as Sharje, Lhakhang, Marpo, and Nubradan monasteries.{{sfn|Chan|1994|p=980}} According to another travel book, the monasteries were destroyed during the Chinese [[Cultural Revolution]]. One of them (Lhakhang) was rebuilt in 1983–84. It had only six monks in 1999.{{sfn|Lonely Planet|1999|p=280}}

An early monastery called "Lhundrub" was located here, belonging to the New Tantra Tradition School of [[Rinchen Zangpo]].<ref>{{citation |last=Ryavec |first=Karl E. |title=A Historical Atlas of Tibet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ECYmCQAAQBAJ |year=2015 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-24394-8 |at=p. 72, Map 17}}</ref> It appears to have been adapted by the [[Gelugpa]] school at a later time. It is currently referred to as Lhundrub Chode monastery.<ref>[https://tibetantrekking.com/tibet-destinations-guide/rutok/ Rutok County Tibetan Trekking] retrieved 10 July 2022.</ref>

=== Climate ===
Rudok is over 4,000 m. above sea-level. The winter climate of Rudok and of all the towns of the Tsangpo basin, owing to the intense dryness of the air and the light fall of snow, seems to be bracing and exhilarating rather than severe.<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Rudok|volume=23|page=815}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Guge in Maryul.png|thumb|right|280px|Maryul in 1100–1200 CE (said to have included Guge)]]
According to [[Encyclopedia Britannica]], Rudok was historically an integral part of Ladakh, and it was also geographically and culturally a part of Ladakh.<ref name=EB1911/> In the vicinity of Rudok are ancient [[petroglyphs]] which resemble those of Gilgit and Ladakh.{{sfn|Chan|1994|p=980}} They were chiselled using stone tools, and depict animals, human figures and [[Bön]] symbols. They are believed to have been carved prior to the 7th century when Ladakh as well as Rudok were part of the [[Zhangzhung]] empire based in the [[Sutlej Valley]].{{sfn|Chan|1994|p=981}}{{sfn|Fisher|Rose|Huttenback|1963|p=13}}

After the Zhangzhung empire was conquered by the [[Yarlung dynasty]] of Central Tibet, both Ladakh and Rudok came under Tibetan control. Roughly two hundreds later (around 900 CE), the Tibetan Empire [[Era of Fragmentation|fragmented]] with the assassination of the emperor [[Langdarma]]. One of Langdarma's descendants, [[Kyide Nyimagon]], founded a new empire in Western Tibet ([[Ngari Prefecture|Ngari Khorsum]]). After his death, the kingdom was divided among his three sons. Ladakh and Rutog were among the inheritance of [[Lhachen Palgyigon]], the eldest son, who established the kingdom of [[Maryul]] in modern day Ladakh. The second son received [[Guge]] and [[Burang County|Purang]]. One late source states that Rudok was included in Guge rather than Maryul, which might indicate that it did not stay long with the descendants of Palgyigon and fell into Guge's orbit.{{sfn|Howard|Howard|2014|p=83}} However, the levels of controls shifted between Maryul and Guge through history. Rudok can be expected to have had influence from both of them, but mostly controlled by local chieftains.

=== Chinese control ===
{{OSM Location map
| float = right
| height= 500 
| width= 400 
| zoom = 9 
| nolabels = 1
| caption = {{center|Rudok with respect to Sino-Indian border}}
| coord = {{coord|32.95|79.58}}
| map-data = Q1028124, Q104313166 

|mark-coord={{coord|32.8819885|79.7926480}} |label=Chakgang |labela=(Jiagang) |label-size=10 |label-pos=bottom |mark-size=6 |mark=Red pog.svg |mark-title=Chakgang |mark-description=location marked on old maps

|mark-coord1={{coord|32.9018|79.7777}} |caption1=Churkang |label1=Churkang |labela1=(Qukang) |label-size1=10 |label-pos1=top |mark-size1=6 |mark1=Red pog.svg |label-color1= |mark-title1=Churkang |mark-description1=

|mark-coord2={{coord|32.90524|79.67096}} |label2=Jibajiawu |labela2=model |labelb2=village |label-size2=10 |label-pos2=top |mark-size2=6 |mark 2=Red pog.svg |mark-title2=Jaggang |mark-description2=marked as Jaggang on some maps

|mark-coord3={{coord|32.8739226|79.8429036}} |label3=Womai |labela3=Xiong |label-size3=10 |label-pos3=right |label-offset-x3=0 |label-offset-y3=-15 |mark-size3=6 |mark3=Red pog.svg |mark-title3=Womai Xiong |mark-description3=marked as Jiagang Cun on some maps

|mark-coord4={{coord| 32.8580228|79.8927215}} |label4=Queding |labela4= |label-size4=10 |label-pos4=bottom |label-offset-x4=15 |label-offset-y4=-2 |mark-size4=6 |mark4=Red pog.svg |mark-title4=Queding |mark-description4=marked as part of Jiagang Cun on some maps

|mark-coord6={{coord|32.9169|79.4531}} |label6=Maga |labela6=Zangbo |label-size6=10 |label-pos6=top |label-color6=blue |label-offset-x6=0 |label-offset-y6=0 |mark-size6=8 |mark6=AS-rzeka-icon.svg |mark-title6=Maga Zangbo |mark-description6=River that drains into the Pangong Lake

|mark-coord7={{coord|33.1171|79.8312}} |label7=Maga |labela7=Zangbo |label-size7=10 |label-pos7=left |label-color7=blue |label-offset-x7=0 |label-offset-y7=-5 |mark-size7=8 |mark7=AS-rzeka-icon.svg |mark-title7=Maga Zangbo |mark-description7=River that drains into the Pangong Lake

|mark-coord11={{coord|32.86962|79.60728}} |caption11=Chiakang |labela11=(Qiě kǎn) |label11=Chiakang |label-size11=10 |label-pos11=bottom |mark-size11=6 |mark11=Yellow pog.svg |label-color11= |mark-title11=Chiakang (Qiě kǎn) |mark-description11=



|mark-coord13={{coord|33.1969240| 79.8209722}} |caption13=Risong |label13=Risong |labela13= |label-size13=11 |label-pos13=bottom |mark-size13=7 |mark13=Red pog.svg |label-color13=black |mark-title13=Risong |mark-description13=Township that includes Jiagang

|mark-coord14={{coord|33.4161|79.6433}} |caption14=Rudok |label14=Rudok |labela14= |label-size14=12 |label-pos14=bottom |mark-size14=8 |mark14=Red pog.svg |label-color14=black |mark-title14=Rudok |mark-description14=Erstwhile County headquarters

|mark-coord20={{coord|33.0278773|79.3380200}} |caption20=Chang La |label20=Chang La |label-size20=10 |label-pos20=bottom |label-color20=black |mark-size20=8 |mark20=Mountain pass 12x12 e.svg |mark-title20=Chang La |mark-description20=Border pass according to India

|mark-coord21={{coord|33.0761915|79.1687747}} |caption21=Dumchele |label21=Dumchele |label-size21=10 |label-pos21=right |label-color21=black |mark-size21=7 |mark21=Black pog.svg |mark-title21=Dumchele |mark-description21=

|mark-coord22={{coord|32.9357151|79.2139546}} |caption22=Fukche |label22=Fukche |label-size22=11 |label-pos22=bottom |label-color22=black |mark-size22=6 |mark22=Black pog.svg |mark-title22=Fukche |mark-description22=Location of an Advanced Landing Ground of India

|mark-coord23={{coord|32.7758170|79.5343660}} |caption23=Jara La |label23=Jara La |label-size23=10 |label-pos23=bottom |label-color23=black |mark-size23=8 |mark23=Mountain pass 12x12 ne.svg |mark-title23=Jara La |mark-description23=Border pass according to India

|mark-coord24={{coord|32.7040811|79.4467432}} |caption24=Demchok, Ladakh |label24=Demchok |label-pos24=right |label-size24=10 |label-color24=black |label-offset-x24=2 |label-offset-y24=0 |mark-size24=7 |mark24=Black pog.svg |mark-title24=Demchok, Ladakh |mark-description24=Village in Ladakh

|mark-coord25={{coord|32.6948855|79.4593011}} |caption25=Demchok, Tibet |label25= |label-pos25=right |label-size25=11 |label-color25=black |mark-size25=7 |mark25=Black pog.svg |mark-title25=Demchok, Tibet (Dêmqog)|mark-description25=Village in Tibet

|mark-coord26={{coord|32.7222991|79.8485656}} |caption26=Kalinka La |label26=Kalinka La |label-size26=10 |label-pos26=bottom |label-color26=black |mark-size26=8 |mark26=Mountain pass 12x12 e.svg |mark-title26=Kalinka La |mark-description26=Mountain pass between Maga Zangbo basin and Sengge Zangbo basin

|mark-coord27={{coord|32.5097|79.6762}} |caption27=Tashigang |label27=Tashigang |label-pos27=left |label-size27=11 |label-color27=black |mark-size27=7 |mark27=Black pog.svg |mark-title27=Tashigang |mark-description27=

|mark-coord28={{coord|32.496|80.0998}} |caption28=Shiquanhe |label28=Shiquanhe |label-pos28=left |label-size28=11 |label-color28=black |mark-size28=8 |mark28=Black pog.svg |mark-title28=Tashigang |mark-description28=Capital of the Ngari Prefecture

}}
In 1950, as the [[People's Republic of China]] sent forces to [[Lhasa]] in order to [[Annexation of Tibet|annex]] Tibet, it also sent a small force from [[Khotan]] in [[Xinjiang]] to western Tibet, taking its people by surprise.<ref>{{citation |last=Richardson |first=Hugh E. |title=Tibet and its History |edition=Second |publisher=Shambala |location=Boulder/London |date=1984 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.11408 |via=archive.org |pages=183–184}}</ref> According to Indian intelligence, the force travelled via the Keriya Pass to [[Gar Gunsa]] (Gartok) via a tedious route and arrived there in June 1951.{{sfn|Mullik|1971|pp=196–197}} Chinese accounts seem to corroborate this information. In October, the Chinese started to explore the possibility of opening a road route to Xinjiang via Rudok (through Keriya La).{{sfn|Mullik|1971|pp=196–197}} In late 1952, the 2nd Cavalry Regiment based at Gartok garrisoned Rudok with 150 men and 800 camels.<ref>Claude Arpi, [https://www.dailypioneer.com/2017/columnists/we-shut-our-eyes-once-lets-not-do-so-again.html We shut our eyes once, let's not do so again], The Pioneer, 23 March 2017. {{ProQuest|1879722382}}</ref> The Indian trade agent stationed at Gartok was denied permission to visit trade marts at Rudok.{{sfn|Mullik|1971|p=150}} By 1953, the Chinese had a motorable jeep track between Xinjiang and Rudok.{{sfn|Mullik|1971|pp=196–197}}

During the negotiations for the [[Sino-Indian Agreement, 1954|1954 trade agreement]] with India, the Chinese declined to allow trade between Ladakh and Rudok, bringing to an end a centuries-old trading relationship. Indian negotiators believed it was due to the presence of military installations in the area.<ref>
{{harvnb|Bhasin|2021|loc=Chapter 7. "India felt it was imperative to open the two passes, Rudok and Rawang, which directly linked Ladakh to Tibet, in order to facilitate Ladakh’s links with Tibet.... India, presenting a draft of the agreement to the Chinese, included the two passes. China [..] refused to consider Ladakh’s links with Tibet, suggesting it to be 'impossible even if there is a deadlock'."}}
</ref>
An alternative route to [[Tashigang, Ngari Prefecture|Tashigang]] via [[Demchok (historical village)|Demchok]] was agreed and incorporated in the agreement.{{sfn|Bhasin|2021|loc=Chapter 7}}

During the [[1962 war]], China stationed a battalion of forces at Rudok (Ritu Dzong), a battalion at the Indus crossing, and a cavalry regiment at [[Jiagang]] for operations in the [[Demchok sector]] (Parigas/Balijiasi). Jiagang also functioned as the command headquarters. Starting around 26/27 October, the forces attacked the Indian border posts at the Demchok village, and Jara La and Chang La passes, and forced them to withdraw to the west of the Indus river. The Demchok sector has since been divided between the two countries.{{sfn|Sandhu|Shankar|Dwivedi|2015|pp=59–61}}

== Maps ==
<gallery>
File:1851 map of Pangong Lake by Strachey.jpg|Map of the Pangong lake region with Rudok at the southeast ([[Henry Strachey (explorer)|Strachey]], 1851)
File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-181831961-52-o-rudok-1928.jpg|Map of the Pangong lake region with Rudok at the southeast ([[Survey of India]], 1928)
NI-44-10.jpg|Map including Rudok, labeled as ''Ko-pa-k'o'' ([[Defense Mapping Agency|DMA]], 1973)
</gallery>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
; Historical and scholarly sources
* {{citation |last=Ahmad |first=Zahiruddin |chapter=Tibet and Ladakh: A History |title=Far Eastern Affairs |series=St. Antony's Papers |volume=14 |publisher=Chatto & Windus |year=1963 |pages=23– |chapter-url=http://pahar.in/?wpfb_dl=20160}}
* {{citation |first=Avtar Singh |last=Bhasin |title=Nehru, Tibet and China |publisher=Penguin Random House |year=2021 |isbn=9780670094134}}
* {{citation |last=Cunningham |first=Alexander |title=Ladak: Physical, Statistical, Historical |publisher=Wm. H. Allen and Co |location=London |year=1854 |url=https://archive.org/details/ladakphysicalsta00cunnrich |via=archive.org}}
* {{citation |last1=Fisher |first1=Margaret W. |last2=Rose |first2=Leo E. |last3=Huttenback |first3=Robert A. |title=Himalayan Battleground: Sino-Indian Rivalry in Ladakh |date=1963 |publisher=Praeger |url=https://archive.org/details/himalayanbattleg0000unse/mode/2up |via=archive.org}}
* {{citation |last=Handa |first=O. C. |title=Buddhist Western Himalaya: A Politico-Religious History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R4VuovXa5YUC |year=2001 |publisher=Indus Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7387-124-5}}
* {{citation |last1=Howard |first1=Neil |last2=Howard |first2=Kath |chapter=Historic Ruins in the Gya Valley, Eastern Ladakh, and a Consideration of Their Relationship to the History of Ladakh and Maryul |editor1-first=Erberto |editor1-last=Lo Bue |editor2-first=John |editor2-last=Bray |title=Art and Architecture in Ladakh: Cross-cultural Transmissions in the Himalayas and Karakoram |year=2014 |pages=68–99 |isbn=9789004271807 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CJCfAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83}}
* {{citation |first=B. N. |last=Mullik |title=My Years with Nehru: The Chinese Betrayal |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3408 |via=archive.org |year=1971 |publisher=Allied Publishers}}
* {{citation |last=Petech |first=Luciano |authorlink=Luciano Petech |title=The Kingdom of Ladakh, c. 950–1842 A.D. |publisher=Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente |year=1977 |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/48901732/1977_Kingdom_of_Ladakh_c_950-1842_AD_by_Petech_s.pdf |via=academia.edu}}{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
* {{citation |last1=Sandhu |first1=P. J. S. |last2=Shankar |first2=Vinay |last3=Dwivedi |first3=G. G. |title=1962: A View from the Other Side of the Hill |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=boBNCgAAQBAJ |year=2015 |publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-93-84464-37-0}}
* {{citation |last=Sherring |first=Charles A. |title=Western Tibet and the British Borderland |others=T. G. Longstaff |publisher=Edward Arnold |year=1906 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.37414 |via=archive.org}}
* {{citation |last=Wakefield |first=E. B. |author-link=Sir Edward Wakefield, 1st Baronet |title=A Journey to Western Tibet, 1929 |journal=The Alpine Journal |year=1961 |pages=118–133 |url=https://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1961_files/AJ%201961%20118-133%20Wakefield%20Tibet.pdf}}
; Travel literature
* {{citation |last=Chan |first=Victor |title=Tibet Handbook |publisher=Moon Publications |location=Chico, CA |date=1994 |isbn=9780918373908 |url=https://archive.org/details/tibethandbook0000chan/mode/2up |via=archive.org |url-access=registration}}
* {{citation |last1=Mayhew |first1=Bradley |last2=Bellezza |first2=John Vincent |last3=Wheeler |first3=Tony |last4=Taylor |first4=Chris |title=Tibet |publisher=Lonely Planet |year=1999 |isbn=9780864426376 |url=https://archive.org/details/tibet00mayh |via=archive.org |url-access=registration |ref={{sfnref|Lonely Planet|1999}}}}
; Official reports
* {{citation |chapter=Report of the Officials of the Governments of India and the People's Republic of China on the Boundary Question |editor-last=Palat |editor-first=Madhavan K. |title=Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, Second Series, Volume 66 |publisher=Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund/Oxford University Press |year=2016 |orig-date=1962 |isbn=978-01-994670-1-3 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/selectedworksofj66nehr/page/n23/mode/2up |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Report of the Officials|2016}}}}

[[Category:Populated places in Ngari Prefecture]]
[[Category:Rutog County]]
[[Category:History of Ladakh]]

Rudok - Revision history

TrinaAshby9096: made the info w/ refs