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{{Short description|Temple in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox religious building
| building_name = Royapuram fire temple
| native_name = Jal Phiroj Clubwala Dar E Meher
| infobox_width =
| image = PARSI TEMPLE @ FIRE TEMPLE, Dar-e-Meher - panoramio.jpg
| image_upright = 1.1
| caption = Entrance of the Royapuram Fire Temple
| map_type =
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| location = Arathoon Road, [[Royapuram]], [[Chennai]], [[India]]
| geo =
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| region = [[Royapuram]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
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| district = [[Chennai]]
| cercle =
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| consecration_year = 1910
| status =
| functional_status = Functional
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| architecture =
| architect = Hormusji Nowroji
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| groundbreaking = 9 February 1909
| year_completed = 1909
| construction_cost = {{INR}}30,000 (Initial)
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}}

'''Jal Phiroj Clubwala Dar E Meher''', popularly known as the '''Royapuram fire temple''', is a [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] [[fire temple]] at [[Royapuram]], [[Chennai]], [[India]]. It was built in 1910 and donated to the Madras Parsi Zarthosti Anjuman by philanthropist Phiroj M. Clubwala. The temple is one of the 177 odd fire temples in the world, of which some 150 are in India.<ref name="TOI_ParsisToCelebrateMilestone"/> It is the only Parsi fire temple in [[Tamil Nadu]] and surrounding region, including [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] and [[Kerala]].<ref name="Hindu_CenturyOldParsiTemple"/> The flame in the temple is burning continuously ever since the temple was built and is stoked five times a day by the priest.<ref name="TOI_ParsisToCelebrateMilestone">{{cite news
| last = Mathai
| first = Kamini
| title = Parsis go all out to celebrate milestone in Chennai
| newspaper = The Times of India
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Times Group
| date = 12 July 2010
| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Parsis-go-all-out-to-celebrate-milestone-in-Chennai/articleshow/6156672.cms
| access-date = 24 Apr 2014}}</ref>

==History==
Although [[Parsis]] first arrived in Madras between 1795 and 1809, when a group of six Parsis and two priests from [[Coorg]] landed in the city and bought land at Royapuram opposite the Catholic Church, there was no official priest in the community for over 100 years till 1906, and there was no place of worship until the fire temple was built.<ref name="Hindu_100YearsOfFireTemple"/> A Parsi panchayat was formed in 1876.<ref name="Muthiah_2014"/> From 1887, the Madras Parsi Panchayat started collecting monthly contributions from members in the region for a Mobed Fund, chiefly intended to maintain a ''[[Mobad|mobed]]'' (priest) and to eventually establish a place of worship, for which a significant contribution was made by Sir Dinshaw Petit of [[Bombay]] in 1896. The community then purchased a plot of land in Royapuram, where the community by then had established itself to a significant extent. However, plans to build a temple in this plot were delayed.<ref name="Hindu_CenturyOldParsiTemple">{{cite news
| last = Muthiah
| first = S.
| title = Madras Miscellany: The century-old Parsi temple
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| date = 4 July 2010
| url = https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/madras-miscellany-the-centuryold-parsi-temple/article499975.ece
| access-date = 27 Apr 2014}}</ref>

When Phiroj Muncherji Clubwala, a benefactor of the Parsi community in Madras, lost his 14-year-old son Jal<ref name="MM_ParsisOfMadras2"/> in February 1906, he found it difficult to perform the prayers and rituals the Parsi way as there was no fire temple in the city.<ref name="TOI_ParsiAssnMarksTempleAnniv"/> He soon created a corpus to enable the Parsi community in Madras to avail the services of a mobed. The first mobed was Ervad Dosabhai Pavri. In 1907, Clubwala decided to gift the Madras Parsi Zarthosti Anjuman (the successor of the Panchayat<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/the-royapuram-parsi-fire-temple-turns-110/article27069615.ece|title=Chennai's Parsi community looks back on its ties with the metropolis|last=Alexander|first=Deepa|date=2019-05-08|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-05-18|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>) a piece of land that he bought opposite his house on West Mada Church Street in Royapuram, after noting the slow progress of collections for the Mobed Fund and for a new fund that a committee of six was making efforts to swell. The new land was located near the site earmarked earlier.<ref name="Hindu_CenturyOldParsiTemple"/> On 9 February 1909, the foundation stone for a fully equipped Agiari was laid by Hormusji Nowroji,<ref name="Hindu_CenturyOldParsiTemple"/> a civil engineer and president of the Parsi Anjuman for almost 45 years,<ref name="Hindu_100YearsOfFireTemple">{{cite news
| title = Parsi community celebrates 100 years of fire temple
| location = Chennai
| date = 11 July 2010
| url = http://www.hindu.com/2010/07/11/stories/2010071162800500.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100714233635/http://www.hindu.com/2010/07/11/stories/2010071162800500.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 14 July 2010
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
| access-date = 24 Apr 2014}}</ref> and an amount of {{INR}} 30,000 raised by the community was provided to maintain the temple. With the community raising the money in short order, Clubwala built the temple and the Anjuman named the temple after Clubwala's son.<ref name="Hindu_CenturyOldParsiTemple"/><ref name="TOI_ParsiAssnMarksTempleAnniv"/> Nowroji also designed the temple and supervised its building.<ref name="Hindu_CenturyOldParsiTemple"/>

On 7 August 1910, the temple was consecrated as the Jal Phiroj Clubwala Dar-e-Meher. Dosabhai Pavri had retired shortly before the consecration, and Ervad Hormasji Adarji Gai was appointed the new priest. With the consecration of the new temple, he became its first pathank (priest-in-charge). Clubwala also donated the Anjuman a block of land adjacent to the temple and built an accommodation for the priests.<ref name="Hindu_CenturyOldParsiTemple"/> Clubwala also built a block in the Anjuman Bagh and donated a large tract of land near his house to St. Kevin's Presentation Convent and School, a school for girls in North Madras.<ref name="MM_ParsisOfMadras2">{{cite journal
| last = Zarin
| first = Mistry
| title = The Parsis of Madras – 2
| journal = Madras Musings
| volume = XVIII
| issue = 14
| date = 1–15 November 2008
| url = http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2018%20No%2014/the_parsis_of_madras_2.html
| access-date = 24 Apr 2014}}</ref>

After Clubwala died in August 1927, the Phiroj Clubwala Memorial Hall was built to honour his memory, which was inaugurated by his widow Srinibai on 14 August 1930.<ref name="Hindu_CenturyOldParsiTemple"/> The Parsi Club was also built in 1930 to honour Clubwala.<ref name="TOI_ParsiAssnMarksTempleAnniv">{{cite news
| last = TNN
| title = Parsi assn marks Fire Temple anniversary
| newspaper = The Times of India
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Times Group
| date = 11 July 2010
| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Parsi-assn-marks-Fire-Temple-anniversary/articleshow/6152865.cms
| access-date = 24 Apr 2014}}</ref>

The Parsis' ecclesiastical head in Madras, Ervad Peshotan Daji, affectionately called "Pesi", was associated with the fire temple for over 60 years. The fire temple was earlier managed by his grandfather (from 1913 to 1938) and later by his father (from 1938 to 1968). Peshotan Daji started as an assistant priest in 1924 at the age of 12 and continued to serve the community till 1983. During [[World War I]], when the German warship [[SMS Emden]] bombed the [[Madras High Court]] premises, Royapuram was evacuated. Peshotan Daji, however, refused to leave the fire temple and stayed on alone to keep the fire burning.<ref name="Hindu_100YearsOfFireTemple"/><ref name="MM_ParsisOfMadras2"/>

In 1985, a housing unit for the chief priest, styled in sympathy with the fire temple, was built within the temple campus.<ref name="Muthiah_2014"/> The nearby choultry, which is the regular gathering place for the Parsis in the city, was restored in 2011.<ref name="Muthiah_2014">{{cite book | last = Muthiah| first = S. | author-link = S. Muthiah | title = Madras Rediscovered| publisher = EastWest | date = 2014 | location = Chennai | pages = 335 | isbn = 978-93-84030-28-5}}</ref>

==The temple today==
The temple is located on Arathoon Road, a street that also has a Hindu temple, a mosque, a Roman Catholic and a Protestant church.<ref name="Muthiah_2014"/> Only Parsis and [[Zoroastrians in Iran|Zoroastrian Iranis]] are admitted into the sanctum sanctorum. The fire at the temple has never been extinguished since the construction of the temple. Priests tend to the fire five times a day during prayers.<ref name="Hindu_100YearsOfFireTemple"/>

==Centenary celebrations==
In July 2010, the Madras Parsi Association and the members of The Madras Parsi Zarthosti Anjuman jointly marked the centenary celebrations with a three-day function and a medley of rituals and entertainment with a performance by musician [[Gary Lawyer]]. The function was inaugurated by former president [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]].<ref name="TOI_ParsiAssnMarksTempleAnniv"/>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Religion}}
* [[Religion in Chennai]]
* [[List of fire temples in India]]
* [[Zoroastrianism in India]]
* [[Heritage structures in Chennai]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Places of worship in Chennai}}

{{coords|13|6|40|N|80|17|40|E|display=title}}

[[Category:1910 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Fire temples in India]]
[[Category:Parsi temples in Chennai]]

Royapuram fire temple - Revision history

GrettaDumaresq4: new a place first draft...