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{{Short description|Cultural and social relation between India and Nepal}}

'''''Roti-Beti Ka Rishta''''' ([[Devanagari]]: रोटी-बेटी का रिश्ता) is a colloquial and culturally significant term used to describe the deep and multifaceted ties between [[India]] and [[Nepal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=प्यार सरहद पार: नेपाल और भारत में शादियों पर क्यों लग रहा है ग्रहण |url=https://bbc.com/hindi/extra/b9ejs1lqsa/india-nepal-cross-border-weddings |access-date=2025-08-05 |website=bbc.com}}</ref> It highlights the unique and extensive interdependence of the two nations across economic, social, and cultural spheres.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-05-10 |title=Nepal has roti-beti ka rishta with India: Deep Upadhyay |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/nepal-has-roti-beti-ka-rishta-with-india-deep-upadhyay/articleshow/52197397.cms |access-date=2025-07-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-08 |title=Roti-Beti, Electricity, Connectivity, Security and Beyond |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/roti-beti-electricity-connectivity-security-and-beyond |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com |language=en}}</ref> In essence, the "Roti-Beti" relationship implies that India and Nepal are not just neighboring countries but are bound by familial, cultural, and economic ties that are integral to the daily lives and identities of their people.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Dharmendra |last2=Hindi |first2=India TV |date=2024-01-14 |title=नेपाल ने कहा भारत के साथ है "बेटी-रोटी और खून का रिश्ता"...इस नेता का जवाब सुनते ही चीन को लग जाएगा सदमा |url=https://www.indiatv.in/world/asia/former-deputy-pm-bimalendra-nidhi-said-india-nepal-beti-roti-and-blood-relations-deep-and-close-comparing-china-2024-01-14-1015928 |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=India TV Hindi |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=सीता-राम विवाह से बना भारत नेपाल का संबंध, रोटी-बेटी का रिश्ता आज भी कायम; प्राण प्रतिष्ठा पर जनकपुर में उत्सव |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/story-india-nepal-relationship-started-with-mother-sita-and-lord-ram-marriage-bread-daughter-connection-continues-celebration-in-janakpur-on-pran-pratistha-9168647.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123122512/https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/story-india-nepal-relationship-started-with-mother-sita-and-lord-ram-marriage-bread-daughter-connection-continues-celebration-in-janakpur-on-pran-pratistha-9168647.html |archive-date=2024-01-23 |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=Hindustan |language=hi-IN}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The term "[[Roti]]" means bread for food. This aspect symbolizes the economic interdependence and daily livelihoods. Similarly, the term "[[Daughter|Beti]]" means daughter and symbolizes marriage relation between India and Nepal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-10 |title=When even a village mukhiya in Bihar worries she may not be able to vote |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/bihar-ec-roll-revision-village-mukhiya-worries-vote-10114115/ |access-date=2025-08-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> This aspect highlights the strong familial and matrimonial ties between the two nations. The literally meaning of the phrase "Roti-Beti Ka Rishta" is "relation of bread and daughter".<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Seli |first=Yeshi |date=2022-08-28 |title=India-Nepal 'roti-beti' relations at stake, marriage ties weaken |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2022/Aug/28/india-nepal-roti-beti-relations-at-stake-marriage-ties-weaken-2492146.html |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Origin ==
The "Roti-Beti" relation between the two countries can be traced back to the Ramayana-era. In the text [[Ramayana]], the prince [[Rama]] of [[Ayodhya]] was married with the princess [[Sita]] of [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]]. This marriage relation between Lord Rama and Goddess Sita is considered as one of ancient origin of the "Roti-Beti" relation between the two present nations India and Nepal.<ref name=":0" />

== Description ==
India and Nepal have cherished a relationship described as "Roti Beti Ka Rishta" since their inception.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chowdhury |first=Manaswita |date=2024-08-01 |title=Regime Change and Regional Dynamics: Decoding the Future of India-Nepal Relations |url=https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2024/08/02/regime-change-and-regional-dynamics-decoding-the-future-of-india-nepal-relations/ |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=Modern Diplomacy |language=en-US}}</ref> The "Roti-Beti" relationship between India and Nepal refers to the unique and deeply intertwined cultural, social, and economic bonds between the two countries. It includes trade, commerce, employment, livelihoods, cross-border marriages, shared cultural heritage and people-to-people connections, etc.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Nepal government formation: India blindsided |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/nepal-government-formation-india-blindsided-1175579.html |access-date=2025-08-05 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> The [[Hindi]] phrase "Roti-beti ka rishta" is emotionally and commonly used by the people of the two nations to signify the strong social and family ties between India and Nepal. This relationship is connected through roti (food) and daughter (marriage), symbolizing mutual cooperation, love and intimacy between the people of both countries.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepalis finding their fortune in Shimla |url=https://kathmandupost.com/money/2023/04/22/nepalis-finding-their-fortune-in-shimla |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref> The Roti-Beti relationship between the two nations is still continued and maintained by the [[Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship|Indo-Nepal Peace and Friendship Treaty of 1950]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharma |first=Jeetendr Kumar |date=2024-09-30 |title=From Roti and Beti to Strategic Partnerships: Exploring India-Nepal Relations |url=https://journal.sijss.com/index.php/home/article/view/865 |journal=South India Journal of Social Sciences |language=en |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=227–238 |doi=10.62656/SIJSS.v22i3.865 |issn=3048-6165|url-access=subscription |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Due to the unique relationship of "Roti Beti Ka Rishta" between the two nations, Nepal has a blood relationship with India. Therefore, the relation between India and Nepal is special compared to any third nation.<ref name=":1" /> The special relation is enjoyed and strengthen in the form of porous border and free movement of the both national citizens in the land of the two nations.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2020-05-24 |title='Roti-beti' ties, intact for centuries, shouldn't be hit: Families on Indo-Nepal border at Lipulekh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/roti-beti-ties-intact-for-centuries-shouldnt-be-hit-families-on-indo-nepal-border-at-lipulekh/articleshow/75924964.cms |access-date=2025-07-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The other most important factor for the stronger relationship of the ''Roti-Beti Ka Rishta'' is the common origin of the cultural and religious traditions in the both nations.<ref name=":0" /> The popular annual circumambulation of the [[Mithila Madhya Parikrama]] in the Mithila region is a pilgrimage that symbolizes the "roti-beti ka rishta" by connecting communities in India and Nepal through a shared cultural and religious heritage related to the legendary marriage between Lord Rama and Sita in Mithila.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mithila Parikrama, symbol of Nepal-India mutual goodwill, underway |url=https://risingnepaldaily.com/news/58474 |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref>

In the recent period, the [[Devashila Yatra]] was one of the major cultural and religious journeys between the both nations to show the ties of the Roti-Beti relation between the two nations publicly.<ref>{{Cite web |title=नेपाल की तरफ से भारत को सिया सुकुमारी के विवाह का उपहार, इस शालिग्राम देवशिला से 9 माह में स्वरुप लेंगे रामलला - shaligram devshila is Sita's wedding gift from Nepal to India it will take nine months for ramlala to get carved from this devshila |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-shaligram-devshila-is-sita-s-wedding-gift-from-nepal-to-india-it-will-take-nine-months-for-ramlala-to-get-carved-from-this-devshila-23314495.html |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

== Challenges and evolving dynamics ==
While traditionally strong, the "Roti-Beti" relationship has faced some challenges in recent years. The new citizenship act in Nepal, political shifts and their anti-Indian sentiments, border disputes are the major challenges faced by the traditional relationship of ''Roti-Beti'' between the two nations.<ref name=":4" /> In the recent years, due to these challenges the "Roti Beti Ka Rishta" has seen some declination.<ref name=":2" /> Similarly, according to experts, the growing [[China|Chinese]] influence in Nepal is another potential challenge for the "Roti-Beti" relation. It has potential to hurt the ties of "Roti Beti Ka Rishta" in future.<ref name=":3" />

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:India–Nepal relations]]
[[Category:India–Nepal cultural relations]]

Roti-Beti Ka Rishta - Revision history

Tyrone73H144: Starting First Data More To Come