->The Discoverer: wrong link.. one is an ecclesiastical province, the other is was a political subdivision of India

2021-11-21T07:39:33Z

wrong link.. one is an ecclesiastical province, the other is was a political subdivision of India

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{{short description|Archdiocese}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox diocese
| jurisdiction = Archdiocese
| name = Bombay
| latin = Archidioecesis Bombayensis
| local =
| image = Holy-Name-Cathedral-Bombay.jpg
| image_size = frameless
| image_alt =
| caption = [[Cathedral of the Holy Name, Mumbai|Cathedral of the Holy Name]]

| country = {{flag|India}}
| metropolitan = Bombay
| territory = [[Maharashtra]]
| province = Bombay
| coordinates = {{Coord|18.923457|N|72.830646|E|display=title,inline}}

| area_km2 = 10,103
| population = 20,399,000
| population_as_of = 2012
| catholics = 525,017
| catholics_percent = 2.57
| parishes = 122
| churches = 
| congregations = 
| schools = 
| members = 

| denomination = [[Roman Catholic]]
| rite = [[Latin Rite]]
| established = 1 September 1886
| cathedral = [[Cathedral of the Holy Name, Mumbai]]
| cocathedral =
| patron = [[Gonsalo Garcia|Saint Gonsalo Garcia]] [[Francis Xavier|Saint Francis Xavier]]
| priests = 

| parent_church =
| pope = {{Incumbent pope}}
| patriarch =
| major_archbishop =
| bishop = [[Oswald Gracias]]
| bishop_title = Archbishop
| metro_archbishop = 
| coadjutor =
| suffragans = 
| auxiliary_bishops = [[Dominic Savio Fernandes]] [[John Rodrigues]] [[Barthol Barretto]]
| apostolic_admin =
| vicar_general = Most Rev. Dominic Savio Fernandes, Most Rev. John Rodrigues, Most Rev. Allwyn D'silva, Most Rev. Barthol Barretto
| episcopal_vicar = Fr Caesar D'mello, Fr. Felix D’Souza, Fr Barthol S. Machado, Fr Harold Vaz,
| judicial_vicar = Fr. K.T. Emmanuel
| dean =
| archdeacons =
| emeritus_bishops = Percival Joseph Fernandez Bosco Penha [[Agnelo Rufino Gracias]]

| map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =

| website = [http://www.archdioceseofbombay.org archdioceseofbombay.org]
| footnotes =
|coat=|flag=|headquarters=|sui_iuris_church=|founded=|dissolved=}}
[[File:Home of the Archbishop of Bombay.jpg|thumb|Building that houses the Archbishop of Bombay next to the Holy Name Cathedral]]
The '''Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay''' is a [[particular church]] celebrating the [[Latin Rite]] of worship, centred in the [[Bombay (Mumbai)]] city of the northern [[Konkan division]] of [[Maharashtra, India]]. The [[archdiocese]] has been a [[Metropolitan see]] since its elevation by [[Pope Leo XIII]] on 1 September 1886.

The [[cathedral|seat]] of the [[Episcopal See]] is the [[Cathedral of the Holy Name (Bombay)]]. It also administers an important [[minor basilica]], the [[Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount, Bandra]] (Mount Mary Church), in [[Bandra]] suburb of Bombay.

As of 2006, the archdiocese had 277 diocesan priests, 283 religious priests, 383 male religious and 1,530 [[Religious sister (Catholic)|religious sisters]]. The archdiocese serves a total of 506,976 [[Indian Catholics]] in 121 [[parishes]] all across the [[Greater Bombay Metropolitan Area]].

The current [[archbishop]] is [[Oswald Gracias]], who was appointed on 14 October 2006 by [[Pope Benedict XVI]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.apostolicnunciatureindia.com/appointments.htm
|title = Appointments
|access-date = 2008-07-08
|publisher = Apostolic Nunciature, India
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080518021100/http://www.apostolicnunciatureindia.com/appointments.htm
|archive-date = 18 May 2008}}</ref>

== History ==
The [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] first reached the west coast of [[India]] when [[Vasco da Gama]] landed at [[Kozhikode|Calicut]] in 1498.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/gama_vasco_da.shtml |title=Vasco da Gama (c.1460 - 1524) |access-date=2008-07-08 |publisher=[[BBC]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120020120/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/gama_vasco_da.shtml#startcontent |archive-date=20 January 2008 }}</ref> They finally established themselves at [[Velha Goa]] in 1510.<ref>{{harvnb|Kerr|1812}}</ref> In 1526 they established a factory in [[Vasai|Bassein]]. In 1534, the islands of Bassein, [[Salsette Island|Salsette]], [[Mumbai|Bombay]] and Karanja were ceded to the Portuguese by [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat|Bahadur Shah]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{harvnb|Maharashtra State Gazetteer|pp=153–154}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Robert|1812}}</ref> In this very year, the [[Primate of the East Indies]] seated at Goa, was created and the whole of the northern [[Konkan]] region what was then [[Portuguese Bombay and Bassein]], today better known as [[Greater Bombay Metropolitan Area]] formed part of that archdiocese.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06602a.htm
| title = Archdiocese of Goa
| access-date = 2008-06-26
| publisher = New Advent
}}</ref> Missionary activities in [[Vasai|Bassein]] (Burma), Salsette and Bombay commenced from 1534 onwards, thus laying the foundation for the future Archdiocese of Bombay. The Portuguese missionaries who accompanied the conquerors were the [[Franciscan]]s, [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits]], [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] and [[Augustinians]].

In 1637, the Holy See established the '''[[Apostolic Vicariate]] of Idalcan''', also called '''Bijapur''' or '''[[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]]''', on vast territory split off from the Metropolitan [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa]].

In 1665, the Bombay Island was ceded to the [[British Empire|British]] as a part of the marriage dowry to [[Charles II of England]] by [[Catherine of Braganza]] of [[Portugal]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/cities/findStory.cfm?city_id=MBI&folder=Facts-History |title=A young town |work=[[The Economist]]|access-date=2008-08-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610063950/http://www.economist.com/cities/findStory.cfm?city_id=MBI&folder=Facts-History |archive-date=10 June 2008 }}</ref>
In 1669 the pre-diocesan jurisdiction was renamed as '''Apostolic Vicariate of [[Great Mogul]]''', exceptionally after the imperial Muslim prince above the [[princely state]]s of Hind(ustan). The year 1692 marked an end to the Jesuit presence in Bombay.

The Decree expelling the Portuguese Franciscans from Bombay was issued by the British on 24 May 1720. On 17 May 1784 it lost huge territory to establish the [[Mission sui juris of Hindustan]], nucleus of the Archbishopric of Agra.

Later, the British allowed the [[Italians|Italian]] [[Carmelites]] to take charge of the Catholic community in Bombay. In 1794 the double jurisdiction was devised by the British, which let them interfere in the religious life of the Catholics. In 1820 it was renamed after its see to '''Apostolic Vicariate of Bombay'''.

[[File:Bishop Agnelo Rufino Gracias.jpg|thumb|Agnelo Rufino Gracias, the Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Bombay|right|200px]]
On 12 December 1853 the Carmelites asked to be relieved of the administration of the Bombay Mission. The Holy See accepted their resignation and thus ended, after a period of 133 years (1720–1853), the Carmelite administration of the Vicariate of Bombay. On 16 February 1854 the [[Propaganda Fide]] officially divided the Bombay Vicariate into the northern Vicariate of Bombay, entrusted the Bombay Vicariate to the [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchin]] Fathers (comprising the islands of [[Bombay]], [[Colaba]], [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], [[Khandesh]], [[Malwa (Madhya Pradesh)|Malwa]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Sindh]] as far as [[Kabul]] and [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]) and the newly established southern [[Apostolic Vicariate of Poona]] (comprising the islands of [[Salsette]] and [[Vasai|Bassein]], and the regions of the [[Konkan]] and [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] or [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]]), entrusted to the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] Fathers.

Finally, the Metropolitan '''Archdiocese of Bombay''' was established by [[Pope Leo XIII]] on 1 September 1886. The archdiocese received territorial jurisdiction over Bombay Island and over the northern districts of the Vicariate of Bombay with [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Poona|Poona]] as a suffragan diocese. [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Mangalore|Mangalore]] and [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tiruchirapalli|Trichinopoly]] were added as suffragan sees in 1893, in which year the First Provincial Council was held (Acta et Decreta, Bombay, 1898).

It lost further territory repeatedly: on 20 May 1948 to establish the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Karachi|Diocese of Karachi]] (in Pakistan), on 5 May 1949 to establish the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ahmedabad|Diocese of Ahmedabad]], on 29 September 1966 to establish the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Baroda|Diocese of Baroda]], in April 1988 to establish the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kalyan|Diocese of Kalyan]] and on 22 May 1998 to establish the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Vasai|Diocese of Vasai]] (its suffragan).

It enjoyed papal visits from [[Pope Paul VI]] in December 1964 and [[Pope John Paul II]] in February 1986.

== Province ==
The [[ecclesiastical province]] of Bombay includes the Metropolitan's own Archdiocese, Mumbai, and the following [[suffragan]] bishoprics :
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Nashik]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Poona]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Vasai]].

== Ordinaries ==

===Apostolic Vicar of Idalcan===
* [[Matthieu de Castro Malo]], [[Oratory of Saint Philip Neri|C.O.]] (1637-1668)

===Apostolic Vicars of Great Mogul===
* [[Custodio do Pinho]] (1669-1694), appointed [[Apostolic Vicariate of Malabar|Apostolic Vicar of Malabar]]
* [[Fernand Palma d'Artois]], [[Discalced Carmelites|O.C.D.]] (1696-1701)
* Pietro d’Alcántara di Santa Teresa Leonardi, [[O.C.D.]] (1704-1707)
* Maurice di Santa Teresa Baistrocchi, [[O.C.D.]] (1708-1726)
* Pietro d’Alcántara della Santissima Trinità Gagna di Cherasco, [[O.C.D.]] (1728-1744)
* Innocent of the Presentation of Mary Strattmann, [[O.C.D.]] (1746-1753)
* John Dominic of St. Clara Chiavassa, [[O.C.D.]] (1756-1772)
* Charles of St. Conrad Vareschi, [[O.C.D.]] (1773-1785)
* Angelin vom heiligen Joseph Geiselmayer, [[O.C.D.]] (1785-1786)
* Viktor von der heiligen Maria Schwaiger, [[O.C.D.]] (1787-1793)
* Pietro d’Alcántara di San Antonio Ramazzini, [[O.C.D.]] (1794-1820)

===Apostolic Vicars of Bombay===
* Pietro d’Alcántara di San Antonio Ramazzini, [[O.C.D.]] (1820-1840)
* Aloysius Mary of St. Teresa Fortini, [[O.C.D.]] (1840-1848)
* John Francis William Whelan, [[O.C.D.]] (1848-1850)
* Anastasius Hartmann, [[O.F.M. Cap.]] (1854-1858), appointed [[Apostolic Vicariate of Patna|Apostolic Vicar of Patna]]
* Waltar Steins Bisschop, [[Jesuits|S.J.]] (1860-1867), appointed [[Apostolic Vicariate of Western Bengal|Apostolic Vicar of Western Bengal]] and later [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Auckland|Bishop of Auckland]]
* Johann Gabriel Léon Louis Meurin, [[Jesuits|S.J.]] (1867-1886), appointed [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Port-Louis|Bishop of Port-Louis]]

===Archbishops of Bombay===
[[File:Oswald Gracias at Villianur shrine 04.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Oswald Gracias]], the current Archbishop of Bombay]]
* George Porter, [[Jesuits|S.J.]] (1886-1889)
* Theodore Dalhoff, [[Jesuits|S.J.]] (1891-1906)
* [[Hermann Jürgens|Hermann Jurgens]], [[Jesuits|S.J.]] (1907-1916)
* Alban Goodier, [[Jesuits|S.J.]] (1919-1926)
* Joachim Lima, [[Jesuits|S.J.]] (1928-1936)
* [[Thomas Roberts (archbishop)|Thomas Roberts]], S.J. (1937-1950)
* Cardinal [[Valerian Gracias]] (1950-1978)
* Cardinal [[Simon Pimenta]] (1978-1996)
* Cardinal [[Ivan Dias]] (1996-2006)
* Cardinal [[Oswald Gracias]] (2006–present)

===Coadjutor Bishops===
* Aloysius Mary of St. Teresa Fortini, [[O.C.D.]] (1837-1840)
* John Francis William Whelan, [[O.C.D.]] (1842-1848)

== Media ==
The Examiner (formerly called the ''Bombay Catholic Examiner''), is a diocesan news weekly published at the Examiner Press of the Archdiocese of Bombay.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://the-examiner.org/profile.asp
|title = An era in the service of truth
|access-date = 2008-07-08
|publisher = The Examiner |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080516121122/http://www.the-examiner.org/profile.asp  |archive-date = 2008-05-16}}</ref> It was established on 10 July 1849 by a Jesuit father. ''Tej-Prasarini'' is a media and communication institution run by the [[Salesians of Don Bosco]] of the Archdiocese of Bombay. It combines a multimedia production centre with training programmes in creativity, media and peace education. It is a member of [[SIGNIS]], the World Catholic Association for Communication. The archdiocese officially opened its own Catholic Communication Centre on 5 November 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tejonline.com/about/about.asp |title=History |access-date=2008-07-08 |publisher=Tej-Prasarini |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622162229/http://tejonline.com/about/about.asp |archive-date=22 June 2008 }}</ref>

== Archdiocesan Board of Education ==
The Archdiocesan Board of Education, registered in 1985 as an Association under the Societies Registration Act –XXI / 1860, is a certified body for Catholic Institutions in Maharashtra and the Districts of Thane and Raigad. Functioning as a Federation of Schools for its first 20 years, the Consultation of Catholic Schools held in November 2004 reviewed the role of the ABE and recommended that it be an umbrella body for all Catholic Institutions, and that its role be extended to meet all the needs of Catholic Education.

The Board carries out tasks like co-ordination, research and documentation, planning and liaising with the State Department of Education and other Diocesan Bodies for its vast network of Educational Institutes, and offers services in legal and administrative problems. It also publishes a bulletin called 'Shikshan Vichar'.

==Controversy==
In April 2012, at several police stations around the city complaints were filed by Catholic social activists<ref name=Midday>{{cite news|title=Christian forums file FIRS after IRA chief calls 'miracle water' a scam|url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2012/apr/150412-mumbai-Christian-forums-file-FIRS-after-IRA-chief-calls-miracle-water-a-scam.htm|publisher=[[Midday]]|date=15 April 2012|access-date=5 July 2012}}</ref> against the atheist activist [[Sanal Edamaruku]] under section 295 of the [[Indian Penal Code]], which states that persons can be arrested and charged on the allegations of hurting the religious sentiments of a particular community. Edamaruku had previously made derogatory statements regarding the pope, the Catholic Church, and priests,<ref name=Midday/> besides claiming to have exposed the "miracle" of the dripping Jesus in Mumba. He confronted Church leaders on a live TV channel a month earlier, and also suggested that he would be arrested any moment.<ref name=blasphemy>{{cite web|last=Doctorow|first=Cory|title=Indian skeptic charged with "blasphemy" for revealing secret behind "miracle" of weeping cross|url=http://boingboing.net/2012/04/13/indian-skeptic-charged-with.html|publisher=Boing Boing|access-date=2 June 2012}}</ref> In early July 2012, this was borne out when police arrived at his house with the intent to arrest him.<ref name=arrest>{{cite web|title=Sanal Edamaruku's situation worsens: still facing arrest over debunking of Catholic miracle|url=http://blog.newhumanist.org.uk/2012/07/sanal-edamarukus-situation-worsens.html|publisher=New Humanist|access-date=5 July 2012}}</ref>

In a statement, the Auxiliary Bishop of Bambay said: "The Church is always cautious in attributing supernatural causes to out-of-the-ordinary phenomena. Whenever possible, it always tries to find 'scientific' explanations for similar events. It does not pay great attention to things like this, although it accepts the possibility that God can intervene in human life in 'extraordinary' ways: what we call 'miracles'."<ref name=Asianews>{{cite news|title=Water from the cross of Irla. Indian atheist accuses Church of "manufacturing" miracles for money|url=http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Water-from-the-cross-of-Irla.-Indian-atheist-accuses-Church-of-manufacturing-miracles-for-money-24218.html|publisher=AsiaNews|date=13 March 2012|access-date=5 July 2012}}</ref>

==Saints and causes for canonisation==
* St. [[Bartholomew the Apostle]]<ref name="CCBI">{{Cite web|url=http://ccbi.in/saints-blessed/|title=Saints & Blessed – CCBI|access-date=17 October 2019}}</ref>
* The Four Martyrs of Thane<ref>{{cite web |title=This new book chronicles Thane's 700-year-old connect with Christianity |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/this-new-book-chronicles-thanes-700-year-old-connect-with-christianity/19549155 |website=mid-day |access-date=26 February 2020 |language=en |date=24 June 2018}}</ref>
**St. [[Thomas of Tolentino]]
**Bl. [[James of Padua]]
**Bl. [[Peter of Siena (died 1321)|Peter of Siena]]
**[[Demetrius of Tiflis]]
* Bl. [[Odoric of Pordenone]] disinterred the relics of the Four Martyrs of Thane and carried them with him to China and Italy.
* Ven. [[Anastasius Hartmann]], Apsotolic Vicar of Bombay
* Ven. [[Fernanda Riva]]<ref name="CCBI" />
* Servant of God Msgr. George Fernandes<ref>{{cite journal |journal=The Examiner |date=21 September 2019 |volume=63 |issue=38}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
*{{Citation
|last=Kerr
|first=Robert
|title=A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels
|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/kerr/vol06chap01sect05.html
|chapter=Discoveries, Navigations, and Conquests of the Portuguese in India, from 1505 to 1539
|volume=6
|year=1812
|access-date=2008-08-08
|publisher=George Ramsay and Company
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Maharashtra State Gazetteer
|title=Portuguese Settlements on the Western Coast
|url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/Medieval/chapter_4.pdf
|access-date=2008-08-08
|publisher=[[Government of Maharashtra]]
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Robert
|first=Kerr
|title=A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels
|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/kerr/vol06chap01sect07.html
|chapter=Discoveries, Navigations, and Conquests of the Portuguese in India, from 1505 to 1539
|volume=6
|year=1812
|access-date=2008-08-08
|publisher=George Ramsay and Company
}}

== See also ==
[[List of parishes of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay]]

==Sources and external links==
*[http://www.archdioceseofbombay.org/ Official site of the Archdiocese of Bombay]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dbomb.html Archdiocese of Bombay on ''Catholic Hierarchy'']
* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02644a.htm Archdiocese of Bombay on ''Catholic Encyclopedia'', with incumbent biography links]
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/bomb0.htm Archdiocese of Bombay on ''GCatholic.org'']

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bombay, Archdiocese}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]
[[Category:Christianity in Mumbai|Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay]]
[[Category:Christianity in Maharashtra|Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 19th century]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1886]]
[[Category:1886 establishments in British India|Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay]]

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay - Revision history

->The Discoverer: wrong link.. one is an ecclesiastical province, the other is was a political subdivision of India