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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{| class="infobox" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="width:250px; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:95%;"
|-
| colspan="2" style="margin-left:inherit; background:pink; text-align:center; font-size:medium;"|Historical region of North India '''Rohilkhand''' '''Madhyadesh'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| colspan="2" | <div style="position:relative; margin:0; border-collapse:collapse; border=;"1" cellpadding="0">
[[File:The mausoleum of Hafiz Rahmat Khan at Bareilly, 1814-15.jpg|250px|An old Painting of the dargah of ruler of Rohilkhand, Sardar Hafiz Rahmat Khan]]</div>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| '''Location'''
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| '''State established:'''
| 1690 CE
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| '''[[Language]]'''
| [[Hindi]], Standard [[Urdu]], English previously [[Rohilla Urdu]] and [[Pashto]]
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| '''[[Dynasty|Dynasties]]'''
| [[Panchala]]s ([[Mahabharata]] era) [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] (1526–1736) [[Rohilla]]s (1736–1858)
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| '''Historical [[Capital (political)|capitals]]'''
| [[Bareilly]], [[Budaun]], [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]]
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| '''Separated sube'''
| [[Amroha]], [[Bahjoi]], [[Bareilly]], [[Bijnore]], [[Budaun]], [[Kakrala]], [[Khutar]], [[Moradabad]], [[Najibabad]], [[Pilibhit]], [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]], [[Shahjahanpur]]
|- style="vertical-align: top;"

|}
[[File:UP region map.gif|250px|thumb|Regions of [[Uttar Pradesh]]]]
'''Rohilkhand''' Or Previously Rampur State is a region in the northwestern part of the [[Uttar Pradesh]] state of [[India]], centered on [[Rampur district|Rampur]], [[Bareilly division|Bareilly]] and [[Moradabad division|Moradabad]] divisions. Part of the upper [[Indo-Gangetic Plain|Ganges Plain]], the region is named after the [[Rohilla]] tribe who are [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] (also known as [[Afghan]] or Pathan). The region was called '''Madhyadesh''' in the [[Sanskrit literature|Sanskrit]] epics ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and ''[[Ramayana]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rohilkhand|title=Rohilkhand {{!}} historical region, India|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Rohilkhand'' means the "land of the [[Rohilla]]." The term ''Rohilla'' first became common in the 17th century. ''Rohilla'' was used to refer to the people coming from the land of ''Roh''. ''Roh'' was originally a geographical term that corresponded with, in its limited sense, the territory stretching from [[Swat District|Swat]] and [[Bajaur District|Bajaur]] in the north to [[Sibi]] in the south, and from [[Hasan Abdal]] ([[Attock District|Attock]]) in the east to [[Kabul]] and [[Kandahar]] in the west.<ref name="gommans">{{cite book|title=The Rise of the Indo-Afghan Empire: C. 1710-1780|quote=The designation ''Rohilla'' developed during the seventeenth century as a fairly broad notion of the people coming from ''Roh'' or ''Rõh'', corresponding roughly with the mountainous terrain of the eastern Hindu Kush and the Sulaiman Range. Only in the seventeenth-century Indian and Indo-Afghan works do we find ''Roh'' frequently used as a more specific geographical term which corresponded with the territory stretching from Swat and Bajaur in the north to Sibi and Bhakkar in Sind, and from Hasan Abdal in the east to Kabul and Kandahar in the west.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-2TH8UYeAaoC |last=Gommans|first=Jos J.L.|publisher=BRILL|year=1995|pages=219|isbn=9004101098}}</ref> A majority of the Rohillas migrated from [[Pashtunistan]] to North India between the 17th and 18th centuries

== Geography ==
Rohilkhand lies on the upper [[Ganges]] alluvial plain and has an area of about 25,000 km2/10,000 square miles (in and around the [[Bareilly division|Bareilly]] and [[Moradabad division|Moradabad]] divisions).

It is bounded by the [[Doab#The Ganges-Yamuna Doab|Ganges Doab]] to the south and west, [[Uttarakhand]] to the north, [[Nepal]] to the east, and the [[Awadh]] region to the southeast.

Rohilkhand includes the cities of [[Amroha]], [[Bahjoi]], [[Bareilly]], [[Bijnore]], [[Budaun]], [[Kakrala]], [[Khutar]], [[Moradabad]], [[Najibabad]], [[Pilibhit]], [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]], and [[Shahjahanpur]].

== History ==
The Rohilla Afghan leader Daud Khan tackle the [[Katehar]] region in the then [[North India|northern India]] by cunningness of Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]] (ruled 1658–1707) to suppress the [[Rohilla Rajputs|Katheria Rajputs]] uprisings rohilla is a title sworn by Rajput kings of Rohillkhand from 909 to 1720, Rohilla Rajput's first king was Raja Ram singh katheria. These Rohilla Rajputs contains 18 reputed clans of Rajput Vansh some are Chauhan, Rathore, Gehlot, Sisodiya, Nikumbh, Pundir, who own this region. Originally, some 20,000 soldiers from various Pashtun tribes ([[Yusafzai]], Ghori, Osmani, [[Ghilzai]], Barech, [[Marwat]], [[Tareen]], [[Kakar]], [[Naghar]], [[Afridi (Pashtun)|Afridi]] and [[Khattak]]) were hired by Mughals to provide soldiers to the Mughal armies. Their performance was appreciated by Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]], and an additional force of 25,000 Pashtuns were recruited from modern [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] and [[Afghanistan]] and were given respected positions in Mughal Army. Nearly all of Pashtuns settled in the [[Katehar]] region and also brought their families from modern [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] and [[Afghanistan]]. During [[Nadir Shah]]'s invasion of northern India in 1739, and their general was Ahmed Shah Abdali- founder of Durrani Empire, the new wave of Pashtuns settled increasing their population to over 100,0000. Due to the large settlement of Rohilla Afghans, the Katehar region gained fame as Rohilkhand. [[Bareilly]] was made the capital of the Rohilkhand state and it became Pashtun majority city with [[Gali Nawaban]] as the main royal street. Other important cities were [[Moradabad]], [[Rampur (Uttar Pradesh)|Rampur]], [[Shahjahanpur]], [[Badaun District|Badaun]], and others.<ref>''An Eighteenth Century History of North India: An Account of the Rise And Fall of the Rohilla Chiefs in Janbhasha'' by Rustam Ali Bijnori by Iqtidar Husain Siddiqui Manohar Publications</ref><ref>''Imperial Gazetteer of India'' by W M Hunter</ref> After the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] fought in 1761 between the [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] and [[Maratha Empire]] thousands of Pashtun and [[Baloch people|Baloch]] soldiers settled in the northern India. These diverse ethnic, cultural and linguistic groups merged over the centuries to the form the Urdu speaking Muslims of South Asia.

The [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] were requested by [[Safdarjung]], the [[Nawab of Oudh]], in 1752, to help him defeat Pashtun Rohilla. The Maratha forces and Awadh forces besieged the Rohillas, who had sought refuge in [[Kumaon Kingdom|Kumaon]] but had to retreat when [[Ahmad Shah Abdali]] invaded India.<ref name="Agrawal">{{cite book|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=AZdCrUxFAHEC|page=26}} |title=Studies in Mughal History |first=Ashvini |last=Agrawal }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=47sfj8DUwNgC|page=78}}|title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey |first1=Somerset |last1=Playne |first2=R. V. |last2=Solomon |first3=J. W. |last3=Bond |first4=Arnold |last4=Wright }}</ref>

In 1772, [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]], led by [[Mahadji Sindhia]], defeated Rohilla chieftain [[Zabita Khan]], whose possessions lay waste to Rohilkhand. They subsequently destroyed Rohilla tribal chief [[Najib-ul-Daula]]'s grave, scattering his bones.<ref>{{cite book|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=uPq640stHJ0C|page=8}} |title=The Great Maratha: Mahadaji Scindia |first=N. G. |last=Rathod }}</ref> During 1772–73, Mahadji destroyed [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] [[Rohillas]] in and captured [[Najibabad]]. After plundering Rohillakhand Maratha proceeded towards [[Oudh State|Oudh]]. Foreseeing the same fate as Rohilla, Nawab made frantic calls to [[Company rule in India|British]] troops in [[Bengal]].

The British company knew that Nawab of Oudh posed no danger for the British company, whereas the Maratha will try to invade Bengal and Bihar after overrunning Oudh. The British dispatched 20,000 British troops on the order of the Viceroy of British India where they wanted to free Rohillakhand from Maratha and give it to Nawab. The Maratha and British armies came face to face in Ram Ghat, but the sudden demise of then Peshwa and the civil war in [[Pune]] to choose the next Peshwa forced the Maratha to retreat. Rohilla decided not to pay, absent a war between the two states. The British made Oudh a buffer state in order to protect it from the Maratha, and from there on, British troops protected Oudh. The subsidy of one British brigade to provide protection to Nawab and Oudh from Maratha was decided to be Rs 2,10,000.<ref>{{cite book|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=MS_jrForJOoC|page=57}}|title=History of Modern India: 1707 A.D. up to 2000 A.D. |first=Radhey Shyam |last=Chaurasia |year=1947}}</ref>

Rohilkhand was under the rule of Rohillas with their capital in [[Bareilly|City of Bareilly]] until the [[Rohilla War]] of 1774–75. The Rohillas were defeated and driven from [[Bareilly]] by the Nawab of Oudh with the assistance of BEIC troops. The state of [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]] was then established under the Nawab of Oudh. In 1803, British annexed Rohilkhand in [[Doab#Upper Doab|Upper Doab]].

==Rulers==
*[[Nawab of Rampur|Nawabs of Rampur]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Reign Began
! Reign Ended
|-
| [[Ali Mohammed Khan]]
| 1719
| 15 September 1748
|-
| [[Faizullah Khan]]
| 15 September 1748
| 24 July 1793
|-
| [[Hafiz Rahmat Khan]] – ''Regent''
| 15 September 1748
| 23 April 1774
|-
| [[Muhammad Ali Khan Bahadur]]
| 24 July 1793
| 11 August 1793
|-
| [[Ghulam Muhammad Khan Bahadur]]
| 11 August 1793
| 24 October 1794
|-
| [[Ahmad Ali Khan Bahadur]]
| 24 October 1794
| 5 July 1840
|-
| Nasrullah Khan – ''Regent ''
| 24 October 1794
| 1811
|-
| [[Muhammad Said Khan Bahadur]]
| 5 July 1840
| 1 April 1855
|-
| [[Yusef Ali Khan Bahadur]]
| 1 April 1855
| 21 April 1865
|-
| [[Kalb Ali Khan Bahadur]]
| 21 April 1865
| 23 March 1887
|-
| [[Muhammad Mushtaq Ali Khan Bahadur]]
| 23 March 1887
| 25 February 1889
|-
| [[Hamid Ali Khan Bahadur]]
| 25 February 1889
| 20 June 1930
|-
| [[Muhammad Said Khan Bahadur]]
| 5 July 1840
| 1 April 1855
|-
| ''Regent''
| 25 February 1889
| 4 April 1894
|-
| [[Raza Ali Khan Bahadur]]
| 20 June 1930
| 6 March 1966
|-
| [[Murtaza Ali Khan Bahadur]] – Nawabat abolished in 1971
| 6 March 1966
| 8 February 1982
|}

==See also==
{{Wikiquote}}
* [[Sarai Rohilla Railway Station]]
* [[Jewan]]
*[[Khutar]]
*[[Pawayan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Historical regions of North India}}

{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Rohilkhand| ]]
[[Category:Historical Indian regions]]
[[Category:Rohilla]]
[[Category:Pashtun diaspora]]

Rohilkhand - Revision history

imported>Andrewman327: Clean up/copyedit