Rock music - Revision history

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	[[File:Rhcp-live-pinkpop05.jpg\|thumb\|left\|upright=0.8\|alt=A photograph of four members of The Red Hot Chili Peppers performing on a stage\|[[Red Hot Chili Peppers]] in 2006, showing a quartet lineup for a rock band (from left to right: bassist, lead vocalist, drummer, and guitarist)]]		[[File:Rhcp-live-pinkpop05.jpg\|thumb\|left\|upright=0.8\|alt=A photograph of four members of The Red Hot Chili Peppers performing on a stage\|[[Red Hot Chili Peppers]] in 2006, showing a quartet lineup for a rock band (from left to right: bassist, lead vocalist, drummer, and guitarist)]]

	The sound of rock is traditionally centered on the [[guitar amplifier\|amplified]] electric guitar, which emerged in its modern form in the 1950s with the popularity of rock and roll.<ref>J.M. Curtis, ''Rock Eras: Interpretations of Music and Society, 1954–1984'' (Madison, WI: Popular Press, 1987), {{ISBN\|0-87972-369-6}}, pp. 68–73.</ref> Also, it was influenced by the sounds of [[electric blues]] guitarists.<ref name=campbell>{{cite book\|last1=Campbell \|first1=Michael \|last2=Brody \|first2=James \|title=Rock and Roll: An Introduction \|year=2007 \|edition=2nd \|publisher=Thomson Schirmer \|location=Belmont, CA \|isbn=978-0-534-64295-2 \|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=RK-JmVbv4OIC&pg=PA80 80–81]}}</ref> The sound of an electric guitar in rock music is typically supported by an electric bass guitar, which pioneered in jazz music in the same era,<ref>{{source in source \|author=R.C. Brewer \|title=Bass Guitar \|editor=Shepherd \|year=2003 \|page=56}}</ref> and percussion produced from a drum kit that combines drums and cymbals.<ref>{{source in source \|author=R. Mattingly \|title=Drum Set \|editor=Shepherd \|year=2003 \|page=361}}</ref> This trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, the [[Hammond organ]], and the [[~~Synthesizer\|~~synthesizer.]]<ref>P. Théberge, ''Any Sound you can Imagine: Making Music/Consuming Technology'' (Middletown, CT, Wesleyan University Press, 1997), {{ISBN\|0-8195-6309-9}}, pp. 69–70.</ref> The basic rock instrumentation was derived from the basic [[blues]] band instrumentation (prominent lead guitar, second chordal instrument, bass, and drums).<ref name=campbell/> A group of musicians performing rock music is termed as a rock band or a rock group. Furthermore, it typically consists of between three (the [[power trio]]) and five members. Classically, a rock band takes the form of a [[quartet]] whose members cover one or more roles, including vocalist, lead guitarist, rhythm guitarist, bass guitarist, drummer, and often [[keyboard player]] or other instrumentalist.<ref>{{source in source \|author=D. Laing \|title=Quartet \|editor=Shepherd \|year=2003 \|page=56}}</ref>		The sound of rock is traditionally centered on the [[guitar amplifier\|amplified]] electric guitar, which emerged in its modern form in the 1950s with the popularity of rock and roll.<ref>J.M. Curtis, ''Rock Eras: Interpretations of Music and Society, 1954–1984'' (Madison, WI: Popular Press, 1987), {{ISBN\|0-87972-369-6}}, pp. 68–73.</ref> Also, it was influenced by the sounds of [[electric blues]] guitarists.<ref name=campbell>{{cite book\|last1=Campbell \|first1=Michael \|last2=Brody \|first2=James \|title=Rock and Roll: An Introduction \|year=2007 \|edition=2nd \|publisher=Thomson Schirmer \|location=Belmont, CA \|isbn=978-0-534-64295-2 \|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=RK-JmVbv4OIC&pg=PA80 80–81]}}</ref> The sound of an electric guitar in rock music is typically supported by an electric bass guitar, which pioneered in jazz music in the same era,<ref>{{source in source \|author=R.C. Brewer \|title=Bass Guitar \|editor=Shepherd \|year=2003 \|page=56}}</ref> and percussion produced from a drum kit that combines drums and cymbals.<ref>{{source in source \|author=R. Mattingly \|title=Drum Set \|editor=Shepherd \|year=2003 \|page=361}}</ref> This trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, the [[Hammond organ]], and the [[synthesizer]].<ref>P. Théberge, ''Any Sound you can Imagine: Making Music/Consuming Technology'' (Middletown, CT, Wesleyan University Press, 1997), {{ISBN\|0-8195-6309-9}}, pp. 69–70.</ref> The basic rock instrumentation was derived from the basic [[blues]] band instrumentation (prominent lead guitar, second chordal instrument, bass, and drums).<ref name=campbell/> A group of musicians performing rock music is termed as a rock band or a rock group. Furthermore, it typically consists of between three (the [[power trio]]) and five members. Classically, a rock band takes the form of a [[quartet]] whose members cover one or more roles, including vocalist, lead guitarist, rhythm guitarist, bass guitarist, drummer, and often [[keyboard player]] or other instrumentalist.<ref>{{source in source \|author=D. Laing \|title=Quartet \|editor=Shepherd \|year=2003 \|page=56}}</ref>

	[[File:Characteristic rock drum pattern.png\|thumb\|right\|A simple {{music\|time\|4\|4}} drum pattern common in rock music {{Audio\|Simple duple drum pattern.mid\|Play}}]]		[[File:Characteristic rock drum pattern.png\|thumb\|right\|A simple {{music\|time\|4\|4}} drum pattern common in rock music {{Audio\|Simple duple drum pattern.mid\|Play}}]]
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	== References ==		== References ==
			{{Reflist}}

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	[[File:Characteristic rock drum pattern.png\|thumb\|right\|A simple {{music\|time\|4\|4}} drum pattern common in rock music {{Audio\|Simple duple drum pattern.mid\|Play}}]]		[[File:Characteristic rock drum pattern.png\|thumb\|right\|A simple {{music\|time\|4\|4}} drum pattern common in rock music {{Audio\|Simple duple drum pattern.mid\|Play}}]]
	Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a {{music\|time\|4\|4}} [[Meter (music)\|meter]], with a repetitive snare drum [[Backbeat (music)\|back beat]] on beats two and four.<ref name=Ammer2004>C. Ammer, ''The Facts on File Dictionary of Music'' (New York: Infobase, 4th edn., 2004), {{ISBN\|0-8160-5266-2}}, pp. 251–52.</ref> Melodies often originate from older [[musical modes]] such as the [[Dorian mode\|Dorian]] and [[Mixolydian]], as well as [[Major scale\|major]] and [[Minor mode\|minor]] modes. Harmonies range from the common [[Triad (music)\|triad]] to parallel [[perfect fourth]]s and [[Perfect fifth\|fifths]] and dissonant harmonic progressions.<ref name=Ammer2004/> Since the late 1950s,<ref>{{harvnb\|Campbell\|Brody\|2007\|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=RK-JmVbv4OIC&pg=PA117 117]}}</ref> and particularly from the mid-1960s onwards, rock music often used the [[Verse-chorus form\|verse-chorus structure]] derived from blues and folk music, but there has been considerable variation from this model.<ref>J. Covach, "From craft to art: formal structure in the music of the Beatles", in K. Womack and Todd F. Davis, eds, ''Reading the Beatles: Cultural Studies, Literary Criticism, and the Fab Four'' (New York: SUNY Press, 2006), {{ISBN\|0-7914-6715-5}}, p. 40.</ref> Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock.<ref>T. Gracyk, ''Rhythm and Noise: an Aesthetics of Rock'', (London: I.B. Tauris, 1996), {{ISBN\|1-86064-090-7}}, p. xi.</ref> Because of its complex history and its tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that "it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition."<ref>P. Wicke, ''Rock Music: Culture, Aesthetics and Sociology'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), {{ISBN\|0-521-39914-9}}, p. x.</ref>		Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a {{music\|time\|4\|4}} [[Meter (music)\|meter]], with a repetitive snare drum [[Backbeat (music)\|back beat]] on beats two and four.<ref name=Ammer2004>C. Ammer, ''The Facts on File Dictionary of Music'' (New York: Infobase, 4th edn., 2004), {{ISBN\|0-8160-5266-2}}, pp. 251–52.</ref> Melodies often originate from older [[musical modes]] such as the [[Dorian mode\|Dorian]] and [[Mixolydian]], as well as [[Major scale\|major]] and [[Minor mode\|minor]] modes. Harmonies range from the common [[Triad (music)\|triad]] to parallel [[perfect fourth]]s and [[Perfect fifth\|fifths]] and dissonant harmonic progressions.<ref name=Ammer2004/> Since the late 1950s,<ref>{{harvnb\|Campbell\|Brody\|2007\|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=RK-JmVbv4OIC&pg=PA117 117]}}</ref> and particularly from the mid-1960s onwards, rock music often used the [[Verse-chorus form\|verse-chorus structure]] derived from blues and folk music, but there has been considerable variation from this model.<ref>J. Covach, "From craft to art: formal structure in the music of the Beatles", in K. Womack and Todd F. Davis, eds, ''Reading the Beatles: Cultural Studies, Literary Criticism, and the Fab Four'' (New York: SUNY Press, 2006), {{ISBN\|0-7914-6715-5}}, p. 40.</ref> Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock.<ref>T. Gracyk, ''Rhythm and Noise: an Aesthetics of Rock'', (London: I.B. Tauris, 1996), {{ISBN\|1-86064-090-7}}, p. xi.</ref> Because of its complex history and its tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that "it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition."<ref>P. Wicke, ''Rock Music: Culture, Aesthetics and Sociology'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), {{ISBN\|0-521-39914-9}}, p. x.</ref>

			== References ==

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	Rock music has also embodied and served as the vehicle for cultural and social movements, leading to major subcultures including [[mod (subculture)\|mods]] and [[rocker (subculture)\|rockers]] in the United Kingdom and the [[hippie]] counterculture that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the 1960s. Similarly, 1970s [[punk culture]] spawned the [[goth subculture\|goth]], [[Punk subculture\|punk]], and [[emo]] subcultures. Inheriting the folk tradition of the [[protest song]], rock music has been associated with political activism as well as changes in social attitudes to race, sex, and drug use, and is often seen as an expression of youth revolt against adult [[consumerism]] and [[conformity]]. At the same time, it has been commercially highly successful, leading to charges of [[selling out]].{{toclimit\|3}}		Rock music has also embodied and served as the vehicle for cultural and social movements, leading to major subcultures including [[mod (subculture)\|mods]] and [[rocker (subculture)\|rockers]] in the United Kingdom and the [[hippie]] counterculture that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the 1960s. Similarly, 1970s [[punk culture]] spawned the [[goth subculture\|goth]], [[Punk subculture\|punk]], and [[emo]] subcultures. Inheriting the folk tradition of the [[protest song]], rock music has been associated with political activism as well as changes in social attitudes to race, sex, and drug use, and is often seen as an expression of youth revolt against adult [[consumerism]] and [[conformity]]. At the same time, it has been commercially highly successful, leading to charges of [[selling out]].{{toclimit\|3}}

			==Characteristics==
			{{quote box\|quoted=1\|quote=A good definition of rock, in fact, is that it's popular music that to a certain degree doesn't care if it's popular.\|source=—[[Bill Wyman]] in ''[[Vulture.com\|Vulture]]'' (2016)<ref name="wymanberry">{{cite web \|url=http://www.vulture.com/2016/12/chuck-berry-invented-the-idea-of-rock-and-roll.html \|date=20 December 2016 <!-- March 18, 2017 ?! update? field for it? -->
			\|title = Chuck Berry Invented the Idea of Rock and Roll
			\|publisher = New York Media, LLC \|work=[[Vulture.com]] \|author-link=Bill Wyman \|last=Wyman \|first=Bill}}</ref>\|width=18%\|align=right\|style=padding:8px;}}

			[[File:Rhcp-live-pinkpop05.jpg\|thumb\|left\|upright=0.8\|alt=A photograph of four members of The Red Hot Chili Peppers performing on a stage\|[[Red Hot Chili Peppers]] in 2006, showing a quartet lineup for a rock band (from left to right: bassist, lead vocalist, drummer, and guitarist)]]

			The sound of rock is traditionally centered on the [[guitar amplifier\|amplified]] electric guitar, which emerged in its modern form in the 1950s with the popularity of rock and roll.<ref>J.M. Curtis, ''Rock Eras: Interpretations of Music and Society, 1954–1984'' (Madison, WI: Popular Press, 1987), {{ISBN\|0-87972-369-6}}, pp. 68–73.</ref> Also, it was influenced by the sounds of [[electric blues]] guitarists.<ref name=campbell>{{cite book\|last1=Campbell \|first1=Michael \|last2=Brody \|first2=James \|title=Rock and Roll: An Introduction \|year=2007 \|edition=2nd \|publisher=Thomson Schirmer \|location=Belmont, CA \|isbn=978-0-534-64295-2 \|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=RK-JmVbv4OIC&pg=PA80 80–81]}}</ref> The sound of an electric guitar in rock music is typically supported by an electric bass guitar, which pioneered in jazz music in the same era,<ref>{{source in source \|author=R.C. Brewer \|title=Bass Guitar \|editor=Shepherd \|year=2003 \|page=56}}</ref> and percussion produced from a drum kit that combines drums and cymbals.<ref>{{source in source \|author=R. Mattingly \|title=Drum Set \|editor=Shepherd \|year=2003 \|page=361}}</ref> This trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, the [[Hammond organ]], and the [[Synthesizer\|synthesizer.]]<ref>P. Théberge, ''Any Sound you can Imagine: Making Music/Consuming Technology'' (Middletown, CT, Wesleyan University Press, 1997), {{ISBN\|0-8195-6309-9}}, pp. 69–70.</ref> The basic rock instrumentation was derived from the basic [[blues]] band instrumentation (prominent lead guitar, second chordal instrument, bass, and drums).<ref name=campbell/> A group of musicians performing rock music is termed as a rock band or a rock group. Furthermore, it typically consists of between three (the [[power trio]]) and five members. Classically, a rock band takes the form of a [[quartet]] whose members cover one or more roles, including vocalist, lead guitarist, rhythm guitarist, bass guitarist, drummer, and often [[keyboard player]] or other instrumentalist.<ref>{{source in source \|author=D. Laing \|title=Quartet \|editor=Shepherd \|year=2003 \|page=56}}</ref>

			[[File:Characteristic rock drum pattern.png\|thumb\|right\|A simple {{music\|time\|4\|4}} drum pattern common in rock music {{Audio\|Simple duple drum pattern.mid\|Play}}]]
			Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a {{music\|time\|4\|4}} [[Meter (music)\|meter]], with a repetitive snare drum [[Backbeat (music)\|back beat]] on beats two and four.<ref name=Ammer2004>C. Ammer, ''The Facts on File Dictionary of Music'' (New York: Infobase, 4th edn., 2004), {{ISBN\|0-8160-5266-2}}, pp. 251–52.</ref> Melodies often originate from older [[musical modes]] such as the [[Dorian mode\|Dorian]] and [[Mixolydian]], as well as [[Major scale\|major]] and [[Minor mode\|minor]] modes. Harmonies range from the common [[Triad (music)\|triad]] to parallel [[perfect fourth]]s and [[Perfect fifth\|fifths]] and dissonant harmonic progressions.<ref name=Ammer2004/> Since the late 1950s,<ref>{{harvnb\|Campbell\|Brody\|2007\|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=RK-JmVbv4OIC&pg=PA117 117]}}</ref> and particularly from the mid-1960s onwards, rock music often used the [[Verse-chorus form\|verse-chorus structure]] derived from blues and folk music, but there has been considerable variation from this model.<ref>J. Covach, "From craft to art: formal structure in the music of the Beatles", in K. Womack and Todd F. Davis, eds, ''Reading the Beatles: Cultural Studies, Literary Criticism, and the Fab Four'' (New York: SUNY Press, 2006), {{ISBN\|0-7914-6715-5}}, p. 40.</ref> Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock.<ref>T. Gracyk, ''Rhythm and Noise: an Aesthetics of Rock'', (London: I.B. Tauris, 1996), {{ISBN\|1-86064-090-7}}, p. xi.</ref> Because of its complex history and its tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that "it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition."<ref>P. Wicke, ''Rock Music: Culture, Aesthetics and Sociology'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), {{ISBN\|0-521-39914-9}}, p. x.</ref>

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	}}		}}
	'''Rock music''' is a broad genre of [[popular music]] that originated as "[[rock and roll]]" in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s, developing into a range of different styles in the mid-1960s and later, particularly in the United States and the United Kingdom.<ref name=studwell>W. E. Studwell and D. F. Lonergan, ''The Classic Rock and Roll Reader: Rock Music from its Beginnings to the mid-1970s'' (Abingdon: Routledge, 1999), {{ISBN\|0-7890-0151-9}}</ref>{{page needed\|date=January 2021}} It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style that drew directly from the [[blues]] and [[rhythm and blues]] genres of [[African-American music]] and from [[country music]]. Rock music also drew strongly from a number of other genres such as [[electric blues]] and [[folk music\|folk]], and incorporated influences from [[jazz]], classical, and other musical styles. For instrumentation, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with [[Bass guitar\|electric bass]], drums, and one or more singers. Usually, rock is song-based music with a [[Time signature\|{{music\|time\|4\|4}} time signature]] using a [[verse–chorus form]], but the genre has become extremely diverse. Like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political.		'''Rock music''' is a broad genre of [[popular music]] that originated as "[[rock and roll]]" in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s, developing into a range of different styles in the mid-1960s and later, particularly in the United States and the United Kingdom.<ref name=studwell>W. E. Studwell and D. F. Lonergan, ''The Classic Rock and Roll Reader: Rock Music from its Beginnings to the mid-1970s'' (Abingdon: Routledge, 1999), {{ISBN\|0-7890-0151-9}}</ref>{{page needed\|date=January 2021}} It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style that drew directly from the [[blues]] and [[rhythm and blues]] genres of [[African-American music]] and from [[country music]]. Rock music also drew strongly from a number of other genres such as [[electric blues]] and [[folk music\|folk]], and incorporated influences from [[jazz]], classical, and other musical styles. For instrumentation, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with [[Bass guitar\|electric bass]], drums, and one or more singers. Usually, rock is song-based music with a [[Time signature\|{{music\|time\|4\|4}} time signature]] using a [[verse–chorus form]], but the genre has become extremely diverse. Like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political.

			Beginning with [[the Beatles]],<ref>{{cite book\|last=Whitburn\|first=Joel\|author-link=Joel Whitburn\|year=2003\|title=Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-2002\|publisher=[[Record Research]]\|isbn=9780898201550\|page=xxiii}}</ref> rock musicians in the 1960s advanced the [[album]] ahead of the [[single (music)\|single]] as the dominant form of recorded music expression and consumption, initiating a rock-informed [[album era]] in the music industry for the next several decades.<ref>{{cite news\|last=Pareles\|first=Jon\|author-link=Jon Pareles\|date=January 5, 1997\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/05/arts/all-that-music-and-nothing-to-listen-to.html\|title=All That Music, and Nothing to Listen To\|newspaper=The New York Times\|access-date=March 10, 2020\|url-access=subscription\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227043520/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/05/arts/all-that-music-and-nothing-to-listen-to.html\|archive-date=December 27, 2017\|url-status=live}}</ref> By the late 1960s "[[classic rock]]"<ref name=studwell/> period, a number of distinct rock music subgenres had emerged, including hybrids like [[blues rock]], [[folk rock]], [[country rock]], [[southern rock]], [[raga rock]], and [[jazz rock]], many of which contributed to the development of [[psychedelic rock]], which was influenced by the [[counterculture of the 1960s\|countercultural]] [[psychedelia\|psychedelic and hippie scene]]. New genres that emerged included [[progressive rock]], which extended the artistic elements, [[glam rock]], which highlighted showmanship and visual style, and the diverse and enduring subgenre of [[heavy metal music\|heavy metal]], which emphasized volume, power, and speed. In the second half of the 1970s, [[punk rock]] reacted by producing stripped-down, energetic social and political critiques. Punk was an influence in the 1980s on [[New wave music\|new wave]], [[post-punk]] and eventually [[alternative rock]].

			From the 1990s, alternative rock began to dominate rock music and break into the mainstream in the form of [[grunge]], [[Britpop]], and [[indie rock]]. Further fusion subgenres have since emerged, including [[pop punk]], [[electronic rock]], [[rap rock]], and [[rap metal]], as well as conscious attempts to revisit rock's history, including the [[garage rock]]/[[post-punk revival\|post-punk]] and [[techno-pop]] revivals in the early 2000s. The late 2000s and 2010s saw a slow decline in rock music's mainstream popularity and cultural relevancy, with [[hip hop music\|hip hop]] surpassing it as the most popular genre in the United States.

			Rock music has also embodied and served as the vehicle for cultural and social movements, leading to major subcultures including [[mod (subculture)\|mods]] and [[rocker (subculture)\|rockers]] in the United Kingdom and the [[hippie]] counterculture that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the 1960s. Similarly, 1970s [[punk culture]] spawned the [[goth subculture\|goth]], [[Punk subculture\|punk]], and [[emo]] subcultures. Inheriting the folk tradition of the [[protest song]], rock music has been associated with political activism as well as changes in social attitudes to race, sex, and drug use, and is often seen as an expression of youth revolt against adult [[consumerism]] and [[conformity]]. At the same time, it has been commercially highly successful, leading to charges of [[selling out]].{{toclimit\|3}}

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{{Short description|Popular music genre}}
{{about||the original 1950s style of rock music|Rock and roll|other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox music genre
| name = Rock music
| native_name =
| etymology =
| other_names =
| bgcolor = crimson
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[Rock and roll]]|[[rockabilly]]|[[blues]]|[[electric blues]]|[[folk music|folk]]|[[country music|country]]|[[rhythm and blues]]|[[soul music|soul]]|[[jazz]]}}
| cultural_origins = 1950s and 1960s, US and UK
| instruments =
| derivatives = {{hlist|[[Synth-pop]]|[[orchestral pop]]|[[post-progressive]]|[[progressive pop]]}}
| subgenres = * [[Acid rock]]
* [[alternative rock]]
* [[arena rock]]
* [[art rock]]
* [[beat music]]
* [[Christian rock]]
* [[death rock]]
* [[experimental rock]]
* [[garage rock]]
* [[glam rock]]
* [[hard rock]]
* [[heartland rock]]
* [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] ([[heavy metal subgenres|subgenres]])
* [[indie rock]]
* [[new wave music|new wave]]
* [[occult rock]]
* [[post-punk]]
* [[post-rock]]
* [[progressive rock]]
* [[psychedelic rock]]
* [[punk rock]] ([[punk rock subgenres|subgenres]])
* [[roots rock]]
* [[soft rock]]
* [[stoner rock]]
* [[surf music]]
| subgenrelist = List of rock genres
| fusiongenres = * [[Baroque pop]]
* [[blues rock]]
* [[country rock]]
* [[dance rock]]
* [[electronic rock]]
* [[folk rock]]
* [[funk rock]]
* [[industrial rock]]
* [[jazz rock]]
* [[Latin rock]]
* [[noise rock]]
* [[pop rock]]
* [[raga rock]]
* [[rap rock]]
* [[reggae rock]]
* [[samba rock]]
* [[sufi rock]]
| regional_scenes = * [[Argentine rock|Argentina]]
* [[Armenian rock|Armenia]]
* [[Aussie rock|Australia]]
* [[Bangladeshi rock|Bangladesh]]
* [[Belarusian rock|Belarus]]
* [[Belgian rock|Belgium]]
* [[Bosnian rock|Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
* [[Brazilian rock|Brazil]]
* [[Canadian rock|Canada]]
* [[Chilean rock|Chile]]
* [[Chinese rock|China]]
* [[Colombian rock|Colombia]]
* [[Cuban rock|Cuba]]
* [[Croatian rock|Croatia]]
* [[Danish rock|Denmark]]
* [[Dominican rock|Dominican Republic]]
* [[Ecuadorian rock|Ecuador]]
* [[Estonian rock|Estonia]]
* [[Finnish rock|Finland]]
* [[French rock|France]]
* [[Greek rock|Greece]]
* [[German rock|Germany]]
* [[Guatemalan rock|Guatemala]]
* [[Haitian rock|Haiti]]
* [[Hungarian rock|Hungary]]
* [[Icelandic rock|Iceland]]
* [[Indian rock|India]]
* [[Indonesian rock|Indonesia]]
* [[Iranian rock|Iran]]
* [[Irish rock|Ireland]]
* [[Israeli rock|Israel]]
* [[Italian rock|Italy]]
* [[Japanese rock|Japan]]
* [[Latvian rock|Latvia]]
* [[Lithuanian rock|Lithuania]]
* [[Malaysian rock|Malaysia]]
* [[Mexican rock|Mexico]]
* [[Nepali rock|Nepal]]
* [[Kiwi rock|New Zealand]]
* [[Norwegian rock|Norway]]
* [[Pakistani rock|Pakistan]]
* [[Peruvian rock|Peru]]
* [[Pinoy rock|Philippines]]
* [[Polish rock|Poland]]
* [[Portuguese rock|Portugal]]
* [[Puerto Rican rock|Puerto Rico]]
* [[Russian rock|Russia]]
* [[Saharan rock|Sahara desert region]]
* [[Serbian rock|Serbia]]
* [[Slovenian rock|Slovenia]]
* [[Korean rock|South Korea]]
* [[Spanish rock|Spain]]
* [[Rock en español|Spanish-speaking world]]
* [[Swedish rock|Sweden]]
* [[Swiss rock|Switzerland]]
* [[Taiwanese rock|Taiwan]]
* [[Tatar rock|Tatar]]
* [[Thai rock|Thailand]]
* [[Turkish rock|Turkey]]
* [[Ukrainian rock|Ukraine]]
* [[British rock|United Kingdom]]
* [[American rock|United States]] ([[Southern rock|Southern US]])
* [[Uruguayan rock|Uruguay]]
* [[Venezuelan rock|Venezuela]]
* [[Popular music in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]
* [[Zam-rock|Zambia]]
| local_scenes = * [[Madchester]]
* [[Palm Desert Scene]]
* [[Trønder rock|Trøndelag]]
| other_topics = * [[Album era]]
* [[Backbeat (music)|Backbeat]]
* [[Distortion (music)|distortion]]
* [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]]
* [[Pop music|pop]]
* [[progressive music]]
* [[Electronics in rock music|relationship with electronics]]
* [[rock band]]
* [[List of jazz and popular musical terms|rock music terms]]
* [[rock opera]]
* [[rockism]]
* [[Social impact of rock and roll|social impact]]
| footnotes =
| current_year = yes
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'''Rock music''' is a broad genre of [[popular music]] that originated as "[[rock and roll]]" in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s, developing into a range of different styles in the mid-1960s and later, particularly in the United States and the United Kingdom.<ref name=studwell>W. E. Studwell and D. F. Lonergan, ''The Classic Rock and Roll Reader: Rock Music from its Beginnings to the mid-1970s'' (Abingdon: Routledge, 1999), {{ISBN|0-7890-0151-9}}</ref>{{page needed|date=January 2021}} It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style that drew directly from the [[blues]] and [[rhythm and blues]] genres of [[African-American music]] and from [[country music]]. Rock music also drew strongly from a number of other genres such as [[electric blues]] and [[folk music|folk]], and incorporated influences from [[jazz]], classical, and other musical styles. For instrumentation, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with [[Bass guitar|electric bass]], drums, and one or more singers. Usually, rock is song-based music with a [[Time signature|{{music|time|4|4}} time signature]] using a [[verse–chorus form]], but the genre has become extremely diverse. Like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political.

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	Rock music has also embodied and served as the vehicle for cultural and social movements, leading to major subcultures including [[mod (subculture)\|mods]] and [[rocker (subculture)\|rockers]] in the United Kingdom and the [[hippie]] counterculture that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the 1960s. Similarly, 1970s [[punk culture]] spawned the [[goth subculture\|goth]], [[Punk subculture\|punk]], and [[emo]] subcultures. Inheriting the folk tradition of the [[protest song]], rock music has been associated with political activism as well as changes in social attitudes to race, sex, and drug use, and is often seen as an expression of youth revolt against adult [[consumerism]] and [[conformity]]. At the same time, it has been commercially highly successful, leading to charges of [[selling out]].{{toclimit\|3}}		Rock music has also embodied and served as the vehicle for cultural and social movements, leading to major subcultures including [[mod (subculture)\|mods]] and [[rocker (subculture)\|rockers]] in the United Kingdom and the [[hippie]] counterculture that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the 1960s. Similarly, 1970s [[punk culture]] spawned the [[goth subculture\|goth]], [[Punk subculture\|punk]], and [[emo]] subcultures. Inheriting the folk tradition of the [[protest song]], rock music has been associated with political activism as well as changes in social attitudes to race, sex, and drug use, and is often seen as an expression of youth revolt against adult [[consumerism]] and [[conformity]]. At the same time, it has been commercially highly successful, leading to charges of [[selling out]].{{toclimit\|3}}

			==Characteristics==
			{{quote box\|quoted=1\|quote=A good definition of rock, in fact, is that it's popular music that to a certain degree doesn't care if it's popular.\|source=—[[Bill Wyman]] in ''[[Vulture.com\|Vulture]]'' (2016)<ref name="wymanberry">{{cite web \|url=http://www.vulture.com/2016/12/chuck-berry-invented-the-idea-of-rock-and-roll.html \|date=20 December 2016 <!-- March 18, 2017 ?! update? field for it? -->
			\|title = Chuck Berry Invented the Idea of Rock and Roll
			\|publisher = New York Media, LLC \|work=[[Vulture.com]] \|author-link=Bill Wyman \|last=Wyman \|first=Bill}}</ref>\|width=18%\|align=right\|style=padding:8px;}}

			[[File:Rhcp-live-pinkpop05.jpg\|thumb\|left\|upright=0.8\|alt=A photograph of four members of The Red Hot Chili Peppers performing on a stage\|[[Red Hot Chili Peppers]] in 2006, showing a quartet lineup for a rock band (from left to right: bassist, lead vocalist, drummer, and guitarist)]]

			The sound of rock is traditionally centered on the [[guitar amplifier\|amplified]] electric guitar, which emerged in its modern form in the 1950s with the popularity of rock and roll.<ref>J.M. Curtis, ''Rock Eras: Interpretations of Music and Society, 1954–1984'' (Madison, WI: Popular Press, 1987), {{ISBN\|0-87972-369-6}}, pp. 68–73.</ref> Also, it was influenced by the sounds of [[electric blues]] guitarists.<ref name=campbell>{{cite book\|last1=Campbell \|first1=Michael \|last2=Brody \|first2=James \|title=Rock and Roll: An Introduction \|year=2007 \|edition=2nd \|publisher=Thomson Schirmer \|location=Belmont, CA \|isbn=978-0-534-64295-2 \|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=RK-JmVbv4OIC&pg=PA80 80–81]}}</ref> The sound of an electric guitar in rock music is typically supported by an electric bass guitar, which pioneered in jazz music in the same era,<ref>{{source in source \|author=R.C. Brewer \|title=Bass Guitar \|editor=Shepherd \|year=2003 \|page=56}}</ref> and percussion produced from a drum kit that combines drums and cymbals.<ref>{{source in source \|author=R. Mattingly \|title=Drum Set \|editor=Shepherd \|year=2003 \|page=361}}</ref> This trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, the [[Hammond organ]], and the [[Synthesizer\|synthesizer.]]<ref>P. Théberge, ''Any Sound you can Imagine: Making Music/Consuming Technology'' (Middletown, CT, Wesleyan University Press, 1997), {{ISBN\|0-8195-6309-9}}, pp. 69–70.</ref> The basic rock instrumentation was derived from the basic [[blues]] band instrumentation (prominent lead guitar, second chordal instrument, bass, and drums).<ref name=campbell/> A group of musicians performing rock music is termed as a rock band or a rock group. Furthermore, it typically consists of between three (the [[power trio]]) and five members. Classically, a rock band takes the form of a [[quartet]] whose members cover one or more roles, including vocalist, lead guitarist, rhythm guitarist, bass guitarist, drummer, and often [[keyboard player]] or other instrumentalist.<ref>{{source in source \|author=D. Laing \|title=Quartet \|editor=Shepherd \|year=2003 \|page=56}}</ref>

			[[File:Characteristic rock drum pattern.png\|thumb\|right\|A simple {{music\|time\|4\|4}} drum pattern common in rock music {{Audio\|Simple duple drum pattern.mid\|Play}}]]
			Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a {{music\|time\|4\|4}} [[Meter (music)\|meter]], with a repetitive snare drum [[Backbeat (music)\|back beat]] on beats two and four.<ref name=Ammer2004>C. Ammer, ''The Facts on File Dictionary of Music'' (New York: Infobase, 4th edn., 2004), {{ISBN\|0-8160-5266-2}}, pp. 251–52.</ref> Melodies often originate from older [[musical modes]] such as the [[Dorian mode\|Dorian]] and [[Mixolydian]], as well as [[Major scale\|major]] and [[Minor mode\|minor]] modes. Harmonies range from the common [[Triad (music)\|triad]] to parallel [[perfect fourth]]s and [[Perfect fifth\|fifths]] and dissonant harmonic progressions.<ref name=Ammer2004/> Since the late 1950s,<ref>{{harvnb\|Campbell\|Brody\|2007\|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=RK-JmVbv4OIC&pg=PA117 117]}}</ref> and particularly from the mid-1960s onwards, rock music often used the [[Verse-chorus form\|verse-chorus structure]] derived from blues and folk music, but there has been considerable variation from this model.<ref>J. Covach, "From craft to art: formal structure in the music of the Beatles", in K. Womack and Todd F. Davis, eds, ''Reading the Beatles: Cultural Studies, Literary Criticism, and the Fab Four'' (New York: SUNY Press, 2006), {{ISBN\|0-7914-6715-5}}, p. 40.</ref> Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock.<ref>T. Gracyk, ''Rhythm and Noise: an Aesthetics of Rock'', (London: I.B. Tauris, 1996), {{ISBN\|1-86064-090-7}}, p. xi.</ref> Because of its complex history and its tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that "it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition."<ref>P. Wicke, ''Rock Music: Culture, Aesthetics and Sociology'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), {{ISBN\|0-521-39914-9}}, p. x.</ref>