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	{{Short description\|American historian (1909–2002)}}[[File:Robert Roswell Palmer 1953.jpg\|thumb\|right\|151px\|R. R. Palmer, circa 1953]]		{{Short description\|American historian (1909–2002)}}
			[[File:Robert Roswell Palmer 1953.jpg\|thumb\|right\|151px\|R. R. Palmer, circa 1953]]

	'''Robert Roswell Palmer''' (January 11, 1909 – June 11, 2002) was an American [[historian]] at [[Princeton University\|Princeton]] and [[Yale University\|Yale]] universities, who specialized in eighteenth-century France. His most influential work of scholarship, ''The Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, 1760–1800'' (1959 and 1964), examined the [[Atlantic Revolutions]], an age of democratic revolution that swept Europe and the Americas between 1760 and 1800. He was awarded the [[Bancroft Prize]] in History for the first volume. Palmer also achieved distinction as a history text writer.		'''Robert Roswell Palmer''' (January 11, 1909 – June 11, 2002) was an American [[historian]] at [[Princeton University\|Princeton]] and [[Yale University\|Yale]] universities, who specialized in eighteenth-century France. His most influential work of scholarship, ''The Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, 1760–1800'' (1959 and 1964), examined the [[Atlantic Revolutions]], an age of democratic revolution that swept Europe and the Americas between 1760 and 1800. He was awarded the [[Bancroft Prize]] in History for the first volume. Palmer also achieved distinction as a history text writer.
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	* Friguglietti, James. "A Transatlantic Friendship: The Close Relationship between the Historians Georges Lefebvre and Robert R. Palmer",''Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques'' 37.3 (2011): pp. 56–69		* Friguglietti, James. "A Transatlantic Friendship: The Close Relationship between the Historians Georges Lefebvre and Robert R. Palmer",''Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques'' 37.3 (2011): pp. 56–69
	* Gordon, Linda, David Hunt, and Peter Weiler. "History as Indoctrination: A Critique of Palmer and Colton's History of the Modern World." ''The History Teacher'' 21.1 (1987): 53-103. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/492802 online]		* Gordon, Linda, David Hunt, and Peter Weiler. "History as Indoctrination: A Critique of Palmer and Colton's History of the Modern World." ''The History Teacher'' 21.1 (1987): 53-103. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/492802 online]

	* Hanson, Paul. "From Jacobin to Liberal", ''Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques'' 37.3 (2011): pp. 86–100		* Hanson, Paul. "From Jacobin to Liberal", ''Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques'' 37.3 (2011): pp. 86–100
	* Harvey, John Layton. "Robert Roswell Palmer." ''Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques'' 37.3 (2011): 1–17. [https://www.berghahnjournals.com/downloadpdf/journals/historical-reflections/37/3/hrrh370302.xml online]		* Harvey, John Layton. "Robert Roswell Palmer." ''Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques'' 37.3 (2011): 1–17. [https://www.berghahnjournals.com/downloadpdf/journals/historical-reflections/37/3/hrrh370302.xml online]
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			{{Uncategorized\|date=November 2023}}
	{{DEFAULTSORT:Palmer, Robert Roswell}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Palmer, Robert Roswell}}

Bharatwiki Socrates: Created page with "{{Short description|American historian (1909–2002)}}R. R. Palmer, circa 1953 '''Robert Roswell Palmer''' (January 11, 1909 – June 11, 2002) was an American historian at Princeton and Yale universities, who specialized in eighteenth-century France. His most influential work of scholarship, ''The Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and..."

2023-11-20T05:34:24Z

Created page with "{{Short description|American historian (1909–2002)}}thumb|right|151px|R. R. Palmer, circa 1953 '''Robert Roswell Palmer''' (January 11, 1909 – June 11, 2002) was an American historian at Princeton and Yale universities, who specialized in eighteenth-century France. His most influential work of scholarship, ''The Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and..."

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{{Short description|American historian (1909–2002)}}[[File:Robert Roswell Palmer 1953.jpg|thumb|right|151px|R. R. Palmer, circa 1953]]

'''Robert Roswell Palmer''' (January 11, 1909 – June 11, 2002) was an American [[historian]] at [[Princeton University|Princeton]] and [[Yale University|Yale]] universities, who specialized in eighteenth-century France. His most influential work of scholarship, ''The Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, 1760–1800'' (1959 and 1964), examined the [[Atlantic Revolutions]], an age of democratic revolution that swept Europe and the Americas between 1760 and 1800. He was awarded the [[Bancroft Prize]] in History for the first volume. Palmer also achieved distinction as a history text writer.

==Life==
Born in [[Chicago, Illinois]], Palmer accelerated through the [[Public school (government funded)|public schools]]. By winning a citywide contest for a play written in [[Latin]], he earned a full scholarship to the [[University of Chicago]] where he studied with the historian [[Louis R. Gottschalk|Louis Gottschalk]] and earned his bachelor's degree ([[Bachelor of Philosophy#Other universities|Ph.B.]]) in 1931. He received his [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] in History from [[Cornell University]] three years later, studying with [[Carl L. Becker]].<ref name="AHA" /> His dissertation was ''The French Idea of American Independence on the Eve of the French Revolution'' – "published/created" 1934.<ref name="LCC0" />

Palmer began teaching at Princeton University as an instructor in 1936, and worked there for nearly three decades, becoming a full professor. He was dean of arts and sciences (1963–1966) at [[Washington University in St. Louis]], then returned to teaching and writing at Yale, where he retired as ''professor emeritus''. Palmer had visiting professorships at numerous universities, including [[University of California at Berkeley|Berkeley]], Chicago, [[University of Colorado|Colorado]] and [[University of Michigan|Michigan]]. After retiring in 1977, he returned to Princeton as a guest scholar at its [[Institute for Advanced Study]].<ref name="AHA" />

Palmer married Esther Howard in 1942, and they had three children and four grandchildren. His son, the historian [[Stanley Palmer]], is a professor of history at the [[University of Texas at Arlington]]. After R.R. Palmer's death in 2002 at [[Newtown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania]], a memorial service was held at Princeton Chapel.

==Work==
In 1950 Palmer published ''[[A History of the Modern World]]'', which is in its eleventh edition as of 2013. (Joel Colton is a co-author from 1956<ref>About the year. Preface for the first Swedish edition by Torvald Höjer, Stockholm June 1958; Swedish "''En ny grundligt reviderad upplaga, som ligger till grund för denna översättning utgavs 1956 i samarbete med Joel Colton..''", can be translated to "A new thoroughly revised edition, which is the basis for this translation, was published in 1956 in association with Joel Colton.."</ref> the 2nd edition, and Lloyd Kramer is coauthor from 2002, the 9th ed.)<ref name="Modern" /> The text has been translated into six languages and is used in more than 1000 colleges and many [[AP European History]] high school courses.<ref name="NYT" /> It is notable for its clear, essay-like writing style.<ref>Johnson, Julia, ed. ''Choice: a classified cumulation: volumes 1–10; March 1964–February 1974, Volume 6'' (Rowman and Littlefield, 1976), p. 131.</ref> Palmer's introduction covers the period from the earliest signs of human civilization to 1300 CE. The main body of the text covers events from the [[Black Death]] to the [[Fall of the Soviet Union]] in European history. The book is organized partly by ideas: for example, the relation of the [[French Revolution]] to modern and ancient thought may be mentioned before the [[French Revolution]].

Palmer's most important work of historical scholarship is ''The Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, 1760–1800''. It was published by Princeton in two volumes: ''The Challenge'' (1959), which won the [[Bancroft Prize]] in American History, and ''The Struggle'' (1964). Palmer's masterwork traced the growth of two competing forces – ideas of democracy and equality, on the one hand, and the growing power of aristocracies in society, on the other – and the results of the collision between these forces, including both the [[American Revolution]] and the [[French Revolution]]. Thus it foreshadowed the development of "comparative Atlantic history" as a field.<ref name="AHA" /> It remains a valuable resource for scholars. In 1971 Palmer published a slightly revised and condensed version of the second volume as ''The World of the French Revolution''.

The 1941 [[monograph]] ''Twelve Who Ruled'' is also noteworthy. It has been in print since its first edition, was reissued with a new preface in 1989 for the French Revolution bicentennial, and was reissued as a Princeton Classic in 2005 as part of the University Press centennial celebration.<ref name="Twelve" /> The book is a fusion of history and collective biography, focusing on the members of the [[Committee of Public Safety]] and their efforts to guide France during the [[Reign of Terror|Terror]] following their Revolution. Columbia University history professor [[Isser Woloch]], a specialist in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras, has stated that ''Twelve Who Ruled'' "may be the best book on the French Revolution written by an American."<ref name="NYT" />

==Selected works==
* ''The French Idea of American Independence on the Eve of the French Revolution'' (Cornell Univ. PhD dissertation) – "published/created" 1934<ref name="LCC0">[http://lccn.loc.gov/35001909 "The French idea of American independence on the eve of the French ..."]. Library of Congress Catalog Record ('''LCC'''). Retrieved 2014-04-26.</ref>
* ''Catholics and Unbelievers in Eighteenth Century France'' ([[Princeton University Press]], 1939)
* ''Twelve Who Ruled: the Committee of Public Safety, during the Terror'' (Princeton, 1941; Bicentennial ed. with a new preface, 1989)<ref name="Twelve">[http://www.worldcat.org/title/twelve-who-ruled-the-committee-of-public-safety-during-the-terror/oclc/1052741/editions?start_edition=61&sd=asc&se=yr&referer=di&editionsView=true&fq= "Formats and Editions of Twelve who ruled: {...}"]. WorldCat. Retrieved 2014-04-26.</ref>
* [[United States Army in World War II|''The Procurement and Training of Ground Combat Troops'']], by Palmer, [[Bell I. Wiley]] and William R. Keast (Department of the Army, 1948) – about the U.S. Army, 1939–1945<ref>[http://lccn.loc.gov/50013989 "The procurement and training of ground combat troops"]. LCC. Retrieved 2014-04-26.</ref>
* ''A History of the Modern World'' ([[Alfred A. Knopf]], 1950); 11th ed. by Palmer, Joel Colton, and Lloyd Kramer ([[McGraw-Hill]], 2013)<ref name="Modern">[http://www.worldcat.org/title/history-of-the-modern-world/oclc/360886/editions?start_edition=151&sd=asc&se=yr&referer=di&editionsView=true&fq= "Formats and Editions of A history of the modern world"]. [[WorldCat]]. Retrieved 2014-04-26.</ref>
* ''The Age of the Democratic Revolution: a political history of Europe and America, 1760–1800'' (Princeton, vol. 1, 1959; vol. 2, 1964); one-volume edition, with new introduction by [[David Armitage (historian)|David Armitage]], 2014; [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00740 online edition vols. 1–2]; [http://www.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/131419 online free]
* ''The World of the French Revolution'' (Allen & Unwin, 1971) – shorter and less scholarly treatment of ''The Age'', vol. 2
* ''The Improvement of Humanity: education and the French Revolution'' (Princeton, 1985)

;Translations
* [[Georges Lefebvre]], ''The Coming of the French Revolution, 1789'' (Princeton, 1947) [orig. 1939]
* ''The School of the French Revolution: a documentary history of the College of Louis-le-Grand and its director, Jean-François Champagne, 1762–1814'' (Princeton, 1975), edited and transl. by Palmer
* Louis Bergeron, ''France Under Napoleon'' (Princeton, 1981) [orig. 1972]
* ''The Two Tocquevilles, Father and Son: Hervé and Alexis de Tocqueville on the coming of the French Revolution'' (Princeton, 1987), ed. and transl. by Palmer
* Jean-Paul Bertaud, ''The Army of the French Revolution: from citizen-soldiers to instrument of power'' (Princeton, 1988) [orig. 1979]
* ''From Jacobin to Liberal: Marc-Antoine Jullien, 1775–1848'' (Princeton, 1993), selected and transl. with commentary by Palmer<ref>[http://worldcat.org/oclc/27226596 "From Jacobin to liberal: Marc-Antoine Jullien, 1775–1848"]. WorldCat. Retrieved 2014-04-26.</ref>
* [[Jean Baptiste Say]], ''An Economist in Troubled Times: writings'' (Princeton, 1997), selected and transl. by Palmer

;Historical atlas
* ''Atlas of World History'' (Rand McNally, 1957; Revised ed., 1965)

From 1983 the ''[Rand McNally] Atlas of World History'', general editor [[R. I. Moore]], is based on ''The Hamlyn Historical Atlas'' ([[Hamlyn (publishers)|Hamlyn]], 1981).<ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/title/atlas-of-world-history/oclc/939917/editions?start_edition=1&sd=asc&se=yr&referer=di&qt=sort_yr_asc&editionsView=true&fq= "Formats and Editions of Atlas of world history"]. WorldCat. Retrieved 2014-04-26.</ref>

==Honors and awards==
* 1958, elected to the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Robert Roswell Palmer |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/robert-roswell-palmer |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |language=en}}</ref>
* 1959, elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Robert+Palmer&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref>
* 1960, Bancroft Award in History, [[American Council of Learned Societies]] Special Prize
* 1961, served as president of the [[Society for French Historical Studies]]
* 1970, president of the [[American Historical Association]]
* 1990, [[Feltrinelli Prize|Antonio Feltrinelli International Prize]] for History in Rome
* Honorary degrees awarded by the universities of [[Uppsala]] and [[Toulouse]]

==References==
{{reflist |25em |refs=
<ref name="AHA">
[[Stanley Palmer|Palmer, Stanley]]. [http://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/summer-2002/former-aha-president-r-r-palmer-dies "Former AHA President R. R. Palmer Dies"]. ''Perspectives on History''. July 2002. [[American Historical Association]]. Retrieved 2014-04-26.</ref>
<ref name="NYT">
Martin, Douglas. [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/18/us/r-r-palmer-93-history-text-author-dies.html "R. R. Palmer, 93, History Text Author, Dies"]. ''The New York Times''. June 18, 2002. Retrieved 2011-01-14.</ref>

}}

==Further reading==
* Cox, Marvin R. "Palmer and Furet: A Reassessment of The Age of the Democratic Revolution", ''Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques'' 37.3 (2011): pp. 70–85
* Friguglietti, James. "A Transatlantic Friendship: The Close Relationship between the Historians Georges Lefebvre and Robert R. Palmer",''Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques'' 37.3 (2011): pp. 56–69
* Gordon, Linda, David Hunt, and Peter Weiler. "History as Indoctrination: A Critique of Palmer and Colton's History of the Modern World." ''The History Teacher'' 21.1 (1987): 53-103. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/492802 online]

* Hanson, Paul. "From Jacobin to Liberal", ''Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques'' 37.3 (2011): pp. 86–100
* Harvey, John Layton. "Robert Roswell Palmer." ''Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques'' 37.3 (2011): 1–17. [https://www.berghahnjournals.com/downloadpdf/journals/historical-reflections/37/3/hrrh370302.xml online]
* Harvey, John Layton. "'History Written with a Little Spite': Palmer, Brinton, and an American Debate on the French Revolution." ''Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques'' 37.3 (2011): 38–55.
* Kramer, Lloyd. "Robert R. Palmer and the History of Big Questions", ''Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques'' 37.3 (2011): pp. 101–22
* Layton Harvey, John. "Introduction: Robert Roswell Palmer: A Transatlantic Journey of American Liberalism", ''Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques'' 37.3 (2011): 1–17. [https://www.berghahnjournals.com/downloadpdf/journals/historical-reflections/37/3/hrrh370302.xml online]
* [[Dale K. Van Kley|Van Kley, Dale K.]] "Robert R. Palmer's Catholics and Unbelievers in Eighteenth-Century France: An Overdue Tribute", ''Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques'' 37.3 (2011): pp. 18–37

==External links==
* {{LCAuth|n50050274|R. R. Palmer|35|}}
{{American Historical Association presidents|state=uncollapsed}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Palmer, Robert Roswell}}

Robert Roswell Palmer - Revision history

CleanupBot: clean up, added uncategorised tag