Robert Phayre (Indian Army officer) - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 00:23, 10 October 2022
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	{{Short description\|British army officer}}		{{Short description\|British army officer}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=September ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2019}}
	[[File:General Sir Robert Phayre 1879.jpg\|thumb\|right\|General Sir Robert Phayre in 1879]]		[[File:General Sir Robert Phayre 1879.jpg\|thumb\|right\|General Sir Robert Phayre in 1879]]
	General '''Sir Robert Phayre''' [[Order of the Bath\|G.C.B.]] (22 January 1820 – 28 January 1897) was a General in the [[British Indian Army\|Indian Army]] who served most of his military career in India including in the [[First Afghan War]], the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War\|Second Afghan War]], the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857\|Indian Mutiny]] and who was [[Residencies of British India\|Resident]] at [[Baroda]] from 1873 to 1874 during which period the [[Gaekwad dynasty\|Maharaja Gaikwar]], [[Malhar Rao Gaekwad\|Malhar Rao]], precipitated [[the Baroda Crisis]] and then attempted to poison Phayre, by putting arsenic and diamond dust in his sherbet.		General '''Sir Robert Phayre''' [[Order of the Bath\|G.C.B.]] (22 January 1820 – 28 January 1897) was a General in the [[British Indian Army\|Indian Army]] who served most of his military career in India including in the [[First Afghan War]], the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War\|Second Afghan War]], the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857\|Indian Mutiny]] and who was [[Residencies of British India\|Resident]] at [[Baroda]] from 1873 to 1874 during which period the [[Gaekwad dynasty\|Maharaja Gaikwar]], [[Malhar Rao Gaekwad\|Malhar Rao]], precipitated [[the Baroda Crisis]] and then attempted to poison Phayre, by putting arsenic and diamond dust in his sherbet.

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← Older revision		Revision as of 00:23, 10 October 2022
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=September ~~2019~~}}		{{Short description\|British army officer}}
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2022}}
	[[File:General Sir Robert Phayre 1879.jpg\|thumb\|right\|General Sir Robert Phayre in 1879]]		[[File:General Sir Robert Phayre 1879.jpg\|thumb\|right\|General Sir Robert Phayre in 1879]]
	General '''Sir Robert Phayre''' [[Order of the Bath\|G.C.B.]] (22 January 1820 – 28 January 1897) was a General in the [[British Indian Army\|Indian Army]] who served most of his military career in India including in the [[First Afghan War]], the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War\|Second Afghan War]], the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857\|Indian Mutiny]] and who was [[Residencies of British India\|Resident]] at [[Baroda]] from 1873 to 1874 during which period the [[Gaekwad dynasty\|Maharaja Gaikwar]], [[Malhar Rao Gaekwad\|Malhar Rao]], precipitated [[the Baroda Crisis]] and then attempted to poison Phayre, by putting arsenic and diamond dust in his sherbet.		General '''Sir Robert Phayre''' [[Order of the Bath\|G.C.B.]] (22 January 1820 – 28 January 1897) was a General in the [[British Indian Army\|Indian Army]] who served most of his military career in India including in the [[First Afghan War]], the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War\|Second Afghan War]], the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857\|Indian Mutiny]] and who was [[Residencies of British India\|Resident]] at [[Baroda]] from 1873 to 1874 during which period the [[Gaekwad dynasty\|Maharaja Gaikwar]], [[Malhar Rao Gaekwad\|Malhar Rao]], precipitated [[the Baroda Crisis]] and then attempted to poison Phayre, by putting arsenic and diamond dust in his sherbet.
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	He was the son of Richard Phayre and Mary ''née'' Ridgeway of [[Shrewsbury]], and a brother of General Sir [[Arthur Purves Phayre]]. They were part of the Phayre Family, of which Lt Col [[Robert Phayre]], who served the British administration in Ireland in the 17th-century, also had the death warrant of [[Charles I of England\|Charles I]] addressed to him and two other Colonels. Robert Phayre was educated at [[Shrewsbury School]] and commissioned as Ensign in the [[East India Company]]'s service on 26 January 1839, being posted to the [[125th Napier's Rifles\|25th Bombay Native Infantry]], and became lieutenant on 1 December 1840. He served in the [[First Anglo-Afghan War]] with his regiment, was engaged with the [[Baloch people\|Baluchis]] under Nasir Khan at Kotra and Gandava in December 1840, and was [[mentioned in despatches]]. He took part in the Sindh War of 1843, and was severely wounded at the [[Battle of Miani]]. He was again mentioned in despatches for bravery by Sir [[Charles James Napier\|Charles Napier]].<ref>''[[London Gazette]]'', 9 May 1843</ref>		He was the son of Richard Phayre and Mary ''née'' Ridgeway of [[Shrewsbury]], and a brother of General Sir [[Arthur Purves Phayre]]. They were part of the Phayre Family, of which Lt Col [[Robert Phayre]], who served the British administration in Ireland in the 17th-century, also had the death warrant of [[Charles I of England\|Charles I]] addressed to him and two other Colonels. Robert Phayre was educated at [[Shrewsbury School]] and commissioned as Ensign in the [[East India Company]]'s service on 26 January 1839, being posted to the [[125th Napier's Rifles\|25th Bombay Native Infantry]], and became lieutenant on 1 December 1840. He served in the [[First Anglo-Afghan War]] with his regiment, was engaged with the [[Baloch people\|Baluchis]] under Nasir Khan at Kotra and Gandava in December 1840, and was [[mentioned in despatches]]. He took part in the Sindh War of 1843, and was severely wounded at the [[Battle of Miani]]. He was again mentioned in despatches for bravery by Sir [[Charles James Napier\|Charles Napier]].<ref>''[[London Gazette]]'', 9 May 1843</ref>

	In 1844 he was appointed [[Quartermaster general#United Kingdom\|Assistant Quartermaster-General]] in Sindh, and from 1851 to 1856 was specially employed in clearing mountain roads in the Southern Mahratta country. In 1856-7 he carried out the departmental arrangements connected with the [[Anglo-Persian War]]. In March 1857 he was appointed [[Quartermaster general#United Kingdom\|Quartermaster-General]] to the [[Bombay Army]], and acted in this capacity throughout the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857\|Indian Mutiny]], his services being warmly commended by [[Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn\|Sir Hugh Rose]] (later [[Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn\|Lord Strathnairn]]) on 15 May 1860. He held this office until 1868. He had become captain in his regiment on 28 December 1848 and was made [[Brevet (military)#United Kingdom\|brevet]] major on 16 June 1857, and major in the [[Indian Staff Corps\|Bombay Staff Corps]] on 18 February 1861.<ref name="DNB">Ernest Marsh Lloyd, [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Phayre,_Robert_(DNB01) Robert Phayre] - ''[[Dictionary of National Biography]]'', 1901 supplement</ref>		In 1844 he was appointed [[Quartermaster general#United Kingdom\|Assistant Quartermaster-General]] in Sindh, and from 1851 to 1856 was specially employed in clearing mountain roads in the Southern Mahratta country. In 1856-7 he carried out the departmental arrangements connected with the [[Anglo-Persian War]]. In March 1857 he was appointed [[Quartermaster general#United Kingdom\|Quartermaster-General]] to the [[Bombay Army]], and acted in this capacity throughout the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857\|Indian Mutiny]], his services being warmly commended by [[Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn\|Sir Hugh Rose]] (later [[Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn\|Lord Strathnairn]]) on 15 May 1860. He held this office until 1868. He had become captain in his regiment on 28 December 1848 and was made [[Brevet (military)#United Kingdom\|brevet]] major on 16 June 1857, and major in the [[Indian Staff Corps\|Bombay Staff Corps]] on 18 February 1861.<ref name="DNB">[[Ernest Marsh Lloyd]], [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Phayre,_Robert_(DNB01) Robert Phayre] - ''[[Dictionary of National Biography]]'', 1901 supplement</ref>

	He became brevet lieutenant-colonel on 6 January 1863, and colonel five years afterwards. He took part in the [[British Expedition to Abyssinia\|Abyssinian Expedition]] as Quartermaster-General, was mentioned in despatches,<ref>''[[London Gazette]]'', 30 June 1868</ref> was made [[Order of the Bath\|C.B.]] and [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Queen Victoria]],<ref>[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/23412/page/4511/data.pdf To be Aides-de- Camp to the Queen] - ''[[London Gazette]]'' 14 August 1868</ref> and received the [[Abyssinian War Medal\|medal]].<ref name="DNB"/>		He became brevet lieutenant-colonel on 6 January 1863, and colonel five years afterwards. He took part in the [[British Expedition to Abyssinia\|Abyssinian Expedition]] as Quartermaster-General, was mentioned in despatches,<ref>''[[London Gazette]]'', 30 June 1868</ref> was made [[Order of the Bath\|C.B.]] and [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Queen Victoria]],<ref>[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/23412/page/4511/data.pdf To be Aides-de- Camp to the Queen] - ''[[London Gazette]]'' 14 August 1868</ref> and received the [[Abyssinian War Medal\|medal]].<ref name="DNB"/>
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	==Second Afghan War==		==Second Afghan War==
	Reverting to military employment, Phayre commanded a brigade, first in [[Bombay]] and afterwards in [[Rajputana]], from 10 May 1875 to 4 May 1880. Having been promoted Major-General on 1 January 1880, he was then appointed to the command of the reserve division of the army engaged in the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] and had charge of the line of communication by [[Quetta]] to [[Kandahar]]. After the disaster of the [[Battle of Maiwand]] on 27 July 1880 he was directed to push forward to [[Kandahar]], besieged by [[Ayub Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)\|Ayub Khan]]; but he was delayed by want of troops and transport, and Kandahar was relieved by General [[Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts\|Frederick Roberts]] (afterwards Earl Roberts) at the [[Battle of Kandahar]] before his arrival. He was mentioned in despatches,<ref>''[[London Gazette]]'', 3 December 1880 and 25 January 1881</ref> was included in the vote of thanks of Parliament,<ref>[https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1881/may/05/afghan-war-vote-of-thanks-for-the Afghan War — Vote of Thanks for the Military Operations in Afghanistan - ''[[Hansard]]'' 5 May 1881 Vol 260 cc1803-14]</ref> was made [[Order of the Bath\|K.C.B.]] on 22 February 1881, and received the [[Afghanistan Medal (United Kingdom)\|medal]].<ref name="DNB"/>		Reverting to military employment, Phayre commanded a brigade, first in [[Bombay]] and afterwards in [[Rajputana]], from 10 May 1875 to 4 May 1880. Having been promoted Major-General on 1 January 1880, he was then appointed to the command of the reserve division of the army engaged in the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] and had charge of the line of communication by [[Quetta]] to [[Kandahar]]. After the disaster of the [[Battle of Maiwand]] on 27 July 1880 he was directed to push forward to [[Kandahar]], besieged by [[Ayub Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)\|Ayub Khan]]; but he was delayed by want of troops and transport, and Kandahar was relieved by General [[Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts\|Frederick Roberts]] (afterwards Earl Roberts) at the [[Battle of Kandahar (1880)\|Battle of Kandahar]] before his arrival. He was mentioned in despatches,<ref>''[[London Gazette]]'', 3 December 1880 and 25 January 1881</ref> was included in the vote of thanks of Parliament,<ref>[https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1881/may/05/afghan-war-vote-of-thanks-for-the Afghan War — Vote of Thanks for the Military Operations in Afghanistan] - ''[[Hansard]]'' 5 May 1881 Vol 260 cc1803-14</ref> was made [[Order of the Bath\|K.C.B.]] on 22 February 1881, and received the [[Afghanistan Medal (United Kingdom)\|medal]].<ref name="DNB"/>

	==Later years==		==Later years==
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	[[Category:~~People~~ from Shrewsbury]]		[[Category:Military personnel from Shrewsbury]]
	[[Category:British military personnel of the First Anglo-Afghan War]]		[[Category:British military personnel of the First Anglo-Afghan War]]
	[[Category:British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]		[[Category:British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]

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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
[[File:General Sir Robert Phayre 1879.jpg|thumb|right|General Sir Robert Phayre in 1879]]
General '''Sir Robert Phayre''' [[Order of the Bath|G.C.B.]] (22 January 1820 – 28 January 1897) was a General in the [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]] who served most of his military career in India including in the [[First Afghan War]], the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War|Second Afghan War]], the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Mutiny]] and who was [[Residencies of British India|Resident]] at [[Baroda]] from 1873 to 1874 during which period the [[Gaekwad dynasty|Maharaja Gaikwar]], [[Malhar Rao Gaekwad|Malhar Rao]], precipitated [[the Baroda Crisis]] and then attempted to poison Phayre, by putting arsenic and diamond dust in his sherbet.

==Early career==
[[File:Battle of Miani.jpg|thumb|right|Phayre was severely wounded during the [[Battle of Miani]] (1843)]]
He was the son of Richard Phayre and Mary ''née'' Ridgeway of [[Shrewsbury]], and a brother of General Sir [[Arthur Purves Phayre]]. They were part of the Phayre Family, of which Lt Col [[Robert Phayre]], who served the British administration in Ireland in the 17th-century, also had the death warrant of [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] addressed to him and two other Colonels. Robert Phayre was educated at [[Shrewsbury School]] and commissioned as Ensign in the [[East India Company]]'s service on 26 January 1839, being posted to the [[125th Napier's Rifles|25th Bombay Native Infantry]], and became lieutenant on 1 December 1840. He served in the [[First Anglo-Afghan War]] with his regiment, was engaged with the [[Baloch people|Baluchis]] under Nasir Khan at Kotra and Gandava in December 1840, and was [[mentioned in despatches]]. He took part in the Sindh War of 1843, and was severely wounded at the [[Battle of Miani]]. He was again mentioned in despatches for bravery by Sir [[Charles James Napier|Charles Napier]].<ref>''[[London Gazette]]'', 9 May 1843</ref>

In 1844 he was appointed [[Quartermaster general#United Kingdom|Assistant Quartermaster-General]] in Sindh, and from 1851 to 1856 was specially employed in clearing mountain roads in the Southern Mahratta country. In 1856-7 he carried out the departmental arrangements connected with the [[Anglo-Persian War]]. In March 1857 he was appointed [[Quartermaster general#United Kingdom|Quartermaster-General]] to the [[Bombay Army]], and acted in this capacity throughout the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Mutiny]], his services being warmly commended by [[Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn|Sir Hugh Rose]] (later [[Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn|Lord Strathnairn]]) on 15 May 1860. He held this office until 1868. He had become captain in his regiment on 28 December 1848 and was made [[Brevet (military)#United Kingdom|brevet]] major on 16 June 1857, and major in the [[Indian Staff Corps|Bombay Staff Corps]] on 18 February 1861.<ref name="DNB">Ernest Marsh Lloyd, [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Phayre,_Robert_(DNB01) Robert Phayre] - ''[[Dictionary of National Biography]]'', 1901 supplement</ref>

He became brevet lieutenant-colonel on 6 January 1863, and colonel five years afterwards. He took part in the [[British Expedition to Abyssinia|Abyssinian Expedition]] as Quartermaster-General, was mentioned in despatches,<ref>''[[London Gazette]]'', 30 June 1868</ref> was made [[Order of the Bath|C.B.]] and [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Queen Victoria]],<ref>[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/23412/page/4511/data.pdf To be Aides-de- Camp to the Queen] - ''[[London Gazette]]'' 14 August 1868</ref> and received the [[Abyssinian War Medal|medal]].<ref name="DNB"/>

==The Baroda Crisis==
[[File:Malhar Rao and Robert Phayre 1875.jpg|thumb|right|[[The Baroda Crisis]] - [[Malhar Rao Gaekwad|Malhar Rao]] and Phayre - ''[[The Graphic]]'' (1875)]]
From 1868 to 1872 he was political superintendent of the Sindh frontier, and commandant of the Frontier Force. In March 1873 he was appointed [[Residencies of British India|Resident]] at [[Vadodara|Baroda]]. He made strong representations of the gross tyranny and cruelty of the [[Gaekwad dynasty|Maharaja Gaikwar]], [[Malhar Rao Gaekwad|Malhar Rao]] which precipitated [[the Baroda Crisis]], and a commission which investigated his charges found that they were substantially proved. The Gaikwar received a warning and was advised to change his minister, but matters did not improve. The friction between Phayre and Malhar Rao increased, and at the instigation of the latter an attempt was made on 9 November 1874 to poison Phayre, by putting arsenic and diamond dust in his sherbet. The Baroda trial followed, and by order of the [[Secretary of State for India]], [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Lord Salisbury]], Malhar Rao was deposed on 10 April 1875 and exiled to [[Madras]], where he died in obscurity in 1882.<ref>{{Citation | author1=Mulhar Rao Gaekwar Maharaja of Baroda, defendant | title=The trial and deposition of Mulhar Rao Gaekwar of Baroda | date=1875 | publisher=Compiled and printed at the Bombay Gazette Steam Press | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/27756007 | accessdate=15 December 2018 }}</ref> He was succeeded by the moderniser [[Sayajirao Gaekwad III]]. But the Indian Government had previously decided to change the [[Baroda Residency|Resident at Baroda]] and Phayre, declining to resign, was superseded by Sir [[Lewis Pelly]] on 25 November 1874.<ref name="DNB"/>

==Second Afghan War==
Reverting to military employment, Phayre commanded a brigade, first in [[Bombay]] and afterwards in [[Rajputana]], from 10 May 1875 to 4 May 1880. Having been promoted Major-General on 1 January 1880, he was then appointed to the command of the reserve division of the army engaged in the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] and had charge of the line of communication by [[Quetta]] to [[Kandahar]]. After the disaster of the [[Battle of Maiwand]] on 27 July 1880 he was directed to push forward to [[Kandahar]], besieged by [[Ayub Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)|Ayub Khan]]; but he was delayed by want of troops and transport, and Kandahar was relieved by General [[Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts|Frederick Roberts]] (afterwards Earl Roberts) at the [[Battle of Kandahar]] before his arrival. He was mentioned in despatches,<ref>''[[London Gazette]]'', 3 December 1880 and 25 January 1881</ref> was included in the vote of thanks of Parliament,<ref>[https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1881/may/05/afghan-war-vote-of-thanks-for-the Afghan War — Vote of Thanks for the Military Operations in Afghanistan - ''[[Hansard]]'' 5 May 1881 Vol 260 cc1803-14]</ref> was made [[Order of the Bath|K.C.B.]] on 22 February 1881, and received the [[Afghanistan Medal (United Kingdom)|medal]].<ref name="DNB"/>

==Later years==
[[File:General Sir Robert Phayre.jpg|thumb|right|Phayre's grave in [[Brookwood Cemetery]]]]
He commanded a division of the [[Bombay Army]] from 1 March 1881 to 2 March 1886, when the Bombay government paid a high compliment to his services on his retirement. For some months previously he had acted as provincial Commander-in-Chief at [[Bombay]]. On 22 January 1887 he was placed on the unemployed supernumerary list.<ref>[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/25674/page/848/data.pdf Lieutenant-General Sir Robert Phayre, K.C.B., Bombay, has been transferred to the Unemployed Supernumerary List. Dated 22nd January, 1887] - ''[[London Gazette]]'' 18 February 1887</ref> He had become Lieutenant-General on 1 November 1881, and became General on 22 January 1889. He received the [[Order of the Bath|G.C.B.]] on 26 May 1894. Phayre took an active part in religious and philanthropic movements, and published some pamphlets, including ''The Bible versus Corrupt Christianity'' ([[John Kensit|J. Kensit]], 1890), ''The Foundation of Rock or of Sand : Which?'' (in reply to [[Henry Drummond (evangelist)|Henry Drummond]], J. Kensit, 1890), ''Scriptural Account of the War now raging between the power of Satan and the power of God'', J. Kensit, 1895, ''The Everlasting Gospel of the Old and New Testaments'' (a collection of the sermons of [[Charles Spurgeon]], published by Passmore & Alabaster, London (1897)), ''Monasticism Unveiled'' (published by J. Kensit, 1890) and ''A Word of Testimony, in Reply to Mr. Gladstone's Article'' ( J. F. Shaw & Co, London, 1895). Other publications included ''Report on the Road to Mahabuleshwur, via Ambur Khind and Mundur Dew'' (Bombay, 1862) and ''Abyssinia Expedition: Official Journey of the Reconnoitering Party of the British Force in Abyssinia'' (Quarter Master General's Office, Poona, 1867-1869). He died at his home, 64 St George's Square, Pimlico, London on 28 January 1897<ref>Obituary for General Sir Robert Phayre - ''[[The Times]]'', 29 January 1897</ref> and was buried in [[Brookwood Cemetery]].<ref name="DNB"/>

==Personal life==
In 1846 he had married Diana Bunbury Thompson, (1821-1904), daughter of Arnold Thompson, formerly paymaster of the 81st Regiment.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dD4FAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA144&lpg=RA1-PA144&dq=general+sir+robert+phayre+gazette&source=bl&ots=qatqLIGDJI&sig=ACfU3U296O61SxrEmbZAGgC2fShHkAd7qg&hl Marriage of DAQMG Robert Phayre - ''Blackwwod's Lady's Magazine and Gazette'', A. H. Blackwood and Page (1846) - Google Books pg. 144]</ref> She survived him.<ref name="DNB"/> Their son was Robert Phayre (1853-1886) who joined the Indian Civil Service in 1871 and who was to die fighting insurgents in Upper Burma after his party had been surprised by the rebels. His men fell back, leaving his body which was carried off by the Burmese. Later a search party found his remains to discover he had been decapitated and quartered, his head and quarters being found suspended from the branches of different trees.<ref>[http://medicalgentlemen.co.uk/patients-and-diseases/phayre Robert Phayre (1853-1886) - The Medical Gentlemen of Bow database]</ref> A younger son was Lt. Colonel Arthur Phayre (1856-1940) and their daughters were Anna Maria Phayre and Caroline Emily Phayre.

==References==
*{{DNB01 |last=Lloyd |first=Ernest Marsh |wstitle=Phayre, Robert }}
{{DNB01 poster|Phayre, Robert}}
{{Reflist}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Phayre, Robert}}
[[Category:1820 births]]
[[Category:1897 deaths]]
[[Category:People educated at Shrewsbury School]]
[[Category:People from Shrewsbury]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the First Anglo-Afghan War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Afghan War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Anglo-Persian War]]
[[Category:British Indian Army generals]]
[[Category:British East India Company Army officers]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Burials at Brookwood Cemetery]]