Robert Nathan (intelligence officer) - Revision history

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	'''Sir Robert Nathan''' {{post-nominals\|country=GBR\|KCSI\|CIE}} (1868–1921) was a British intelligence official notable for his ~~works~~ against the [[Indian revolutionary movement\|Indian revolutionaries]] in [[Bengal]], Britain and North America.<ref name=Popplewell108>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=108}}</ref><ref name=Popplewell218>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=218}}</ref><ref name="Popplewell219">{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=219}}</ref><ref name=Spence85>{{Harvnb\|Spence\|2002\|p=85}}</ref><ref name=Crane189>{{Harvnb\|Crane\|Barrier\|1981\|p=189}}</ref><ref name=Ghosh>{{Harvnb\|Ghosh\|1977\|p=359}}</ref>		'''Sir Robert Nathan''' {{post-nominals\|country=GBR\|KCSI\|CIE}} (1868–1921) was a British intelligence official notable for his work against the [[Indian revolutionary movement\|Indian revolutionaries]] in [[Bengal]], Britain and North America.<ref name=Popplewell108>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=108}}</ref><ref name=Popplewell218>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=218}}</ref><ref name="Popplewell219">{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=219}}</ref><ref name=Spence85>{{Harvnb\|Spence\|2002\|p=85}}</ref><ref name=Crane189>{{Harvnb\|Crane\|Barrier\|1981\|p=189}}</ref><ref name=Ghosh>{{Harvnb\|Ghosh\|1977\|p=359}}</ref>

	==Early career in India==		==Early career in India==

->Colonies Chris: wp:datescript-assisted date/terms audit; see wp:unlinkdates, wp:overlink

2021-09-29T18:46:56Z

wp:datescript-assisted date/terms audit; see wp:unlinkdates, wp:overlink

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:16, 30 September 2021
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	'''Sir Robert Nathan''' {{post-nominals\|country=GBR\|KCSI\|CIE}} (1868–1921) was a British intelligence official notable for his works against the [[Indian revolutionary movement\|Indian revolutionaries]] in [[Bengal]], ~~[[United Kingdom\|~~Britain]] and [[North America]].<ref name=Popplewell108>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=108}}</ref><ref name=Popplewell218>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=218}}</ref><ref name="Popplewell219">{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=219}}</ref><ref name=Spence85>{{Harvnb\|Spence\|2002\|p=85}}</ref><ref name=Crane189>{{Harvnb\|Crane\|Barrier\|1981\|p=189}}</ref><ref name=Ghosh>{{Harvnb\|Ghosh\|1977\|p=359}}</ref>		'''Sir Robert Nathan''' {{post-nominals\|country=GBR\|KCSI\|CIE}} (1868–1921) was a British intelligence official notable for his works against the [[Indian revolutionary movement\|Indian revolutionaries]] in [[Bengal]], Britain and North America.<ref name=Popplewell108>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=108}}</ref><ref name=Popplewell218>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=218}}</ref><ref name="Popplewell219">{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=219}}</ref><ref name=Spence85>{{Harvnb\|Spence\|2002\|p=85}}</ref><ref name=Crane189>{{Harvnb\|Crane\|Barrier\|1981\|p=189}}</ref><ref name=Ghosh>{{Harvnb\|Ghosh\|1977\|p=359}}</ref>

	==Early career in India==		==Early career in India==
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	==Return to Britain==		==Return to Britain==
	Nathan was appointed Vice Chancellor of Calcutta University in 1914, and the same year returned from India on account of ill-health.<ref name="Popplewell219"/> He began his work for British intelligence against Indian revolutionaries in October 1914. After retiring from the ICS in 1915, Nathan joined the [[MI5]]'s section dealing with the [[~~Hindu-German~~ Conspiracy\|Indian seditionist movement in Europe]], called [[MI5(g)]], that was formed at the time headed by [[Vernon Kell]]. Nathan's fellow officer at the time was another ex-Indian police official, H.L. Stephenson.<ref name=Popplewell218/> He headed at the time the political branch of the Secret Service,<ref name=Popplewell232>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=232}}</ref> and along with [[Basil Thomson]] who headed the Special Branch of the [[Scotland Yard]], Nathan was closely involved in the interrogation of Indians who worked along with the Germans during the war.<ref name=Popplewell220>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=220}}</ref>		Nathan was appointed Vice Chancellor of Calcutta University in 1914, and the same year returned from India on account of ill-health.<ref name="Popplewell219"/> He began his work for British intelligence against Indian revolutionaries in October 1914. After retiring from the ICS in 1915, Nathan joined the [[MI5]]'s section dealing with the [[Hindu–German Conspiracy\|Indian seditionist movement in Europe]], called [[MI5(g)]], that was formed at the time headed by [[Vernon Kell]]. Nathan's fellow officer at the time was another ex-Indian police official, H. L. Stephenson.<ref name=Popplewell218/> He headed at the time the political branch of the Secret Service,<ref name=Popplewell232>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=232}}</ref> and along with [[Basil Thomson]] who headed the Special Branch of the [[Scotland Yard]], Nathan was closely involved in the interrogation of Indians who worked along with the Germans during the war.<ref name=Popplewell220>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=220}}</ref>

	Nathan's efforts, along with those of [[John Wallinger]]'s [[Indian Political Intelligence Office]] (with whom Nathan worked closely), were key in the British counter-espionage work.<ref name=Popplewell220/> Nathan identified plans by [[Ghadar Party]] and the [[Berlin Committee]] to assassinate [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener\|Lord Kitchener]] in 1915 through an associate of [[Har Dayal]], [[Gobind Behari Lal]].<ref name=Popplewell224>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=224}}</ref> He was also responsible at this time, along with Basil Thomson, to turn Harish Chandra (who was associated with the [[Berlin ~~committee~~]]) into a double agent.<ref name=Popplewell227>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=227}}</ref> Nathan was also responsible for the plans made by British intelligence in late 1915 to assassinate [[Virendranath Chattopadhyaya]] through agent Donald Gullick.<ref name=Popplewell229>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=229}}</ref>		Nathan's efforts, along with those of [[John Wallinger]]'s [[Indian Political Intelligence Office]] (with whom Nathan worked closely), were key in the British counter-espionage work.<ref name=Popplewell220/> Nathan identified plans by [[Ghadar Party]] and the [[Berlin Committee]] to assassinate [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener\|Lord Kitchener]] in 1915 through an associate of [[Har Dayal]], [[Gobind Behari Lal]].<ref name=Popplewell224>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=224}}</ref> He was also responsible at this time, along with Basil Thomson, to turn Harish Chandra (who was associated with the [[Berlin Committee]]) into a double agent.<ref name=Popplewell227>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=227}}</ref> Nathan was also responsible for the plans made by British intelligence in late 1915 to assassinate [[Virendranath Chattopadhyaya]] through agent Donald Gullick.<ref name=Popplewell229>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=229}}</ref>

	==Work in North America==		==Work in North America==
	Later, on instructions from British secret service, Robert Nathan transferred to the Pacific coast of North America where the [[Ghadar Party]] worked closely with the German consulate at San Francisco to obtain arms and men for what came to be known as the [[Ghadar Conspiracy]]. Nathan successfully brought the Ghadarites and staff at the German consulate to trial following the [[Annie Larsen affair\|''Annie Larsen'' arms plot]]. He organised the [[~~Hindu-German conspiracy trial~~]], which at the time was the longest in American legal history.<ref name=Popplewell236>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=236}}</ref> He was responsible for the arrest of [[Chandra Kanta Chakraverty]] and his subsequent interrogation, along with that [[Ernst Sekunna]]. Through March 1917, Nathan worked closely with [[Sir William Wiseman, 10th Baronet\|William Wiseman]], and negotiated with the [[US State Department]] the details of the case against the Indian conspirators. He strongly supported granting a guarantee to the United States not to be held responsible for violation of neutrality.<ref name=Popplewell250>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=250}}</ref>		Later, on instructions from British secret service, Robert Nathan transferred to the Pacific coast of North America where the [[Ghadar Party]] worked closely with the German consulate at San Francisco to obtain arms and men for what came to be known as the [[Ghadar Conspiracy]]. Nathan successfully brought the Ghadarites and staff at the German consulate to trial following the [[Annie Larsen affair\|''Annie Larsen'' arms plot]]. He organised the [[Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial]], which at the time was the longest in American legal history.<ref name=Popplewell236>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=236}}</ref> He was responsible for the arrest of [[Chandra Kanta Chakraverty]] and his subsequent interrogation, along with that [[Ernst Sekunna]]. Through March 1917, Nathan worked closely with [[Sir William Wiseman, 10th Baronet\|William Wiseman]], and negotiated with the [[US State Department]] the details of the case against the Indian conspirators. He strongly supported granting a guarantee to the United States not to be held responsible for violation of neutrality.<ref name=Popplewell250>{{Harvnb\|Popplewell\|1995\|p=250}}</ref>

	==Later life==		==Later life==

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{{EngvarB|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
'''Sir Robert Nathan''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|KCSI|CIE}} (1868–1921) was a British intelligence official notable for his works against the [[Indian revolutionary movement|Indian revolutionaries]] in [[Bengal]], [[United Kingdom|Britain]] and [[North America]].<ref name=Popplewell108>{{Harvnb|Popplewell|1995|p=108}}</ref><ref name=Popplewell218>{{Harvnb|Popplewell|1995|p=218}}</ref><ref name="Popplewell219">{{Harvnb|Popplewell|1995|p=219}}</ref><ref name=Spence85>{{Harvnb|Spence|2002|p=85}}</ref><ref name=Crane189>{{Harvnb|Crane|Barrier|1981|p=189}}</ref><ref name=Ghosh>{{Harvnb|Ghosh|1977|p=359}}</ref>

==Early career in India==
Nathan was educated at [[Peterhouse, Cambridge]],<ref>{{acad|id=NTN885R|name=Nathan, Robert}}</ref> before joining the [[Indian Civil Service]] in 1888. He was appointed secretary of the Indian Universities Commission in 1902, and Private Secretary to the Viceroy, [[Lord Curzon]], in 1905. In 1907 Nathan was made Chief Secretary to the Government of Eastern Bengal and Assam, and Commissioner of Dhaka Police.<ref name=Skolnik847>{{Harvnb|Skolnik|Berenbaum|1972|p=847}}</ref> In 1908, Nathan, then the [[Police Commissioner]] of [[Dhaka]], was responsible along with the district collector H.L. Salkeld for uncovering the revolutionary organisation of the ''[[Anushilan Samiti]]'', and for instituting the measures to suppress the organisation.<ref name=Popplewell108/>

==Return to Britain==
Nathan was appointed Vice Chancellor of Calcutta University in 1914, and the same year returned from India on account of ill-health.<ref name="Popplewell219"/> He began his work for British intelligence against Indian revolutionaries in October 1914. After retiring from the ICS in 1915, Nathan joined the [[MI5]]'s section dealing with the [[Hindu-German Conspiracy|Indian seditionist movement in Europe]], called [[MI5(g)]], that was formed at the time headed by [[Vernon Kell]]. Nathan's fellow officer at the time was another ex-Indian police official, H.L. Stephenson.<ref name=Popplewell218/> He headed at the time the political branch of the Secret Service,<ref name=Popplewell232>{{Harvnb|Popplewell|1995|p=232}}</ref> and along with [[Basil Thomson]] who headed the Special Branch of the [[Scotland Yard]], Nathan was closely involved in the interrogation of Indians who worked along with the Germans during the war.<ref name=Popplewell220>{{Harvnb|Popplewell|1995|p=220}}</ref>

Nathan's efforts, along with those of [[John Wallinger]]'s [[Indian Political Intelligence Office]] (with whom Nathan worked closely), were key in the British counter-espionage work.<ref name=Popplewell220/> Nathan identified plans by [[Ghadar Party]] and the [[Berlin Committee]] to assassinate [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]] in 1915 through an associate of [[Har Dayal]], [[Gobind Behari Lal]].<ref name=Popplewell224>{{Harvnb|Popplewell|1995|p=224}}</ref> He was also responsible at this time, along with Basil Thomson, to turn Harish Chandra (who was associated with the [[Berlin committee]]) into a double agent.<ref name=Popplewell227>{{Harvnb|Popplewell|1995|p=227}}</ref> Nathan was also responsible for the plans made by British intelligence in late 1915 to assassinate [[Virendranath Chattopadhyaya]] through agent Donald Gullick.<ref name=Popplewell229>{{Harvnb|Popplewell|1995|p=229}}</ref>

==Work in North America==
Later, on instructions from British secret service, Robert Nathan transferred to the Pacific coast of North America where the [[Ghadar Party]] worked closely with the German consulate at San Francisco to obtain arms and men for what came to be known as the [[Ghadar Conspiracy]]. Nathan successfully brought the Ghadarites and staff at the German consulate to trial following the [[Annie Larsen affair|''Annie Larsen'' arms plot]]. He organised the [[Hindu-German conspiracy trial]], which at the time was the longest in American legal history.<ref name=Popplewell236>{{Harvnb|Popplewell|1995|p=236}}</ref> He was responsible for the arrest of [[Chandra Kanta Chakraverty]] and his subsequent interrogation, along with that [[Ernst Sekunna]]. Through March 1917, Nathan worked closely with [[Sir William Wiseman, 10th Baronet|William Wiseman]], and negotiated with the [[US State Department]] the details of the case against the Indian conspirators. He strongly supported granting a guarantee to the United States not to be held responsible for violation of neutrality.<ref name=Popplewell250>{{Harvnb|Popplewell|1995|p=250}}</ref>

==Later life==
Nathan returned to Britain at the end of World War I where he died in 1921.

==Publications==
Official History of Plague in India; Progress of Education in India, 1897-8, etc.<ref>[https://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=NTN885R&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50 "Nathan, Robert (NTN885R)"]</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*Dictionary of Indian Biography. Charles Edward Buckland. 1906. p313
*Development of University Education, 1916-1920. Suresh Chandra Ghosh. 1977. p359
*Sir Horace Rumbold; Portrait of a Diplomat: 1869-1941. Martin Gilbert, Michael Gilbert. 1973. p52
*Who's who: An Annual Biographical Dictionary. Henry Robert Addison, Charles Henry Oakes, et al. p1117
*''[[The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia]]''. [[Isaac Landman]], Simon Cohen. 1939. p111
*Encyclopaedia Judaica. Fred Skolnik, Michael Berenbaum. 1972. p847

{{Hindu-German Conspiracy}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nathan, Robert}}
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
[[Category:British police officers in India]]
[[Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy]]
[[Category:World War I spies for the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:1868 births]]
[[Category:1921 deaths]]