https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Robert_CawthomeRobert Cawthome - Revision history2026-09-07T13:54:43ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Cawthome&diff=366142&oldid=prevBot at 13:08, 3 October 20222022-10-03T13:08:19Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| honorific-prefix = [[Major General]]<br />
| name =Robert Cawthome <br />
| honorific_suffix = <br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
|order1 = 2nd<br />
|office1 = Director General of Inter-Services Intelligence<br />
|term_start1 = 1950<br />
|term_end1 = 1959<br />
|predecessor1 = [[Syed Shahid Hamid]]<br />
|successor1 = [[Riaz Hussain (politician)|Riaz Hussain]]<br />
|nationality = Pakistani<br />
| birth_date = <!-- {{birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}} if dead--><br />
| death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} death date first, then birth date --><br />
| birth_place = [[Australia]]<br />
| death_place = [[England]]<br />
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| placeofburial_label = <br />
| placeofburial_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} --><br />
| nickname = <br />
| birth_name = Robert Cawthome<br />
| allegiance ={{UK}}<br />{{PAK}}<br />
| branch ={{army|UK}}<br />{{army|PAK}}<br />
| rank =[[File:US-O8 insignia.svg|25px]] [[Major-General]] <br />
| servicenumber = <!--Do not use data from primary sources such as service records.--><br />
| unit = <br />
| commands =[[Inter-Services Intelligence#Directors-General|Director-General of the Inter-Services Intelligence]]<br />[[Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Staff]]<br />
| battles =[[World War II]]<br />[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]]<br />
| serviceyears = 1947-1950<br />
| awards = <br />
| spouse = <!-- Add spouse if reliably sourced --> <br />
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}}<br />
'''Robert Cawthome''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|رابرٹ کوتھوم}}}}) was the co-founder of the [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] and founder of [[Pakistan Army Corps of Signals]]. He served as two star [[Major-General]] in the [[Pakistan army]] and set up the [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] to become its second [[Director General of Inter-Services Intelligence|Director General]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120228/jsp/opinion/story_15186514.jsp | title=The turbulent History of the State within a State | work=The Telegraph India | date=February 28, 2012 | accessdate=2013-04-14| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502040715/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120228/jsp/opinion/story_15186514.jsp | archivedate=2012-05-02 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/pakistan-clips-spy-agencys-wings/story-e6frg6t6-1111117030364 | title=Pakistan clips spy agency's wings | work=The Australian | date=July 28, 2008 | accessdate=2013-04-14| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526012845/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/pakistan-clips-spy-agencys-wings/story-e6frg6t6-1111117030364 | archivedate=2015-05-26 | url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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== Career ==<br />
Robert Bill Cawthome was born in [[Australia]] and was a major general in the [[British Indian Army]] in the [[British India]]. After independence of Pakistan and India, he moved to Pakistan and joined the newly formed [[Pakistan army]]. He formed [[Pakistan Army Corps of Signals]] and served as the Deputy Chief of Staff in the army. Cawthome founded the [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] in 1948 along with [[Syed Shahid Hamid]] and some others after the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948]], which exposed weaknesses in intelligence gathering between the [[Pakistan Army]], [[Pakistan Air Force|Air Force]], [[Pakistan Navy|Navy]], [[Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)|Intelligence Bureau]] and [[Military Intelligence]].<ref name="ISI History 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/pakistan/isi.htm|title=Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence |accessdate=2008-05-12|publisher=GlobalSecurity.org}}</ref> The policies of the agency were his brain-child. He was promoted to two star [[Major-General]] in the army. In 1950 he became [[Director-General of Inter-Services Intelligence]] succeeding [[Syed Shahid Hamid]].<ref name = "FAS">{{cite web | url = http://www.fas.org/irp/world/pakistan/isi/ | title = Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) | publisher = [[Federation of American Scientists]] | author = Pike, John | date = 2002-07-25 | accessdate= 2008-12-13 | authorlink = John E. Pike |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218235003/http://www.fas.org/irp/world/pakistan/isi/|archivedate=2013-02-18|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="SyedPakistan2007">{{cite book|author1=Anwar Hussain Syed|author2=Research Society of Pakistan|title=Issues and realities of Pakistani politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nYMAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=8 April 2013|year=2007|publisher=Research Society of Pakistan, University of the Punjab|isbn=978-969-425-099-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/jan2008/isiinfo.html | title=ISI | accessdate=2013-04-14| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517121416/http://martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/jan2008/isiinfo.html | archivedate=2012-05-17 | url-status=live}}</ref> He was succeeded by [[Riaz Hussain (politician)|Riaz Hussain]] in 1959. After his retirement, Cawthome moved back to the [[United Kingdom]] and lived there till his death. <br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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{{Pakistan Army template}}<br />
{{Inter-Services Intelligence}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cawthorne, Robert}}<br />
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistani generals]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistani spies]]<br />
[[Category:Directors General of Inter-Services Intelligence]]<br />
[[Category:Australian emigrants to Pakistan]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]<br />
[[Category:Year of death missing]]</div>Bot